Emulating Host-Microbiome Ecosystem of Human Gastrointestinal Tract in Vitro.
Stem Cell Rev Rep
; 13(3): 321-334, 2017 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28488235
ABSTRACT
The human gut microbiome performs prodigious physiological functions such as production of microbial metabolites, modulation of nutrient digestion and drug metabolism, control of immune system, and prevention of infection. Paradoxically, gut microbiome can also negatively orchestrate the host responses in diseases or chronic disorders, suggesting that the regulated and balanced host-gut microbiome crosstalk is a salient prerequisite in gastrointestinal physiology. To understand the pathophysiological role of host-microbiome crosstalk, it is critical to recreate in vivo relevant models of the host-gut microbiome ecosystem in human. However, controlling the multi-species microbial communities and their uncontrolled growth has remained a notable technical challenge. Furthermore, conventional two-dimensional (2D) or 3D culture systems do not recapitulate multicellular microarchitectures, mechanical dynamics, and tissue-specific functions. Here, we review recent advances and current pitfalls of in vitro and ex vivo models that display human GI functions. We also discuss how the disruptive technologies such as 3D organoids or a human organ-on-a-chip microphysiological system can contribute to better emulate host-gut microbiome crosstalks in health and disease. Finally, the medical and pharmaceutical significance of the gut microbiome-based personalized interventions is underlined as a future perspective.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Ecossistema
/
Trato Gastrointestinal
/
Microbioma Gastrointestinal
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Stem Cell Rev Rep
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos