A Prospective, Observational Study to Determine the Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Patients of Hypertensive Crisis in a Tertiary Care Hospital.
J Assoc Physicians India
; 65(6): 14-21, 2017 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28782308
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Hypertension can present in crisis form as 'hypertensive urgency'(HU) or as 'hypertensive emergency' (HE). Both the conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.AIM:
To evaluate the clinical characteristics, course of illness, end-organ damage and survival outcome in patients with hypertensive crisis.METHODOLOGY:
This prospective observational year-long study was conducted after due ethical considerations on 120 adult non-pregnant patients who presented with blood pressure of >180/120 mm Hg in the emergency medical services of a tertiary care hospital. The available data was statistically analyzed using the t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.RESULTS:
Sixty two (51.67%) patients presented with hypertensive urgency and fifty eight (48.33%) with hypertensive emergency. Together they constituted 0.59% of total medical admissions and 18.04% of ICU admissions. Mean age of patients was 48.34 years and 52.48 years in HU and HE groups respectively. Headache (49.2%) and giddiness (43.3%) were the common presenting symptoms. Focal neurological deficit (p=0.001), psychomotor agitation (p=0.024), visual disturbances (p=0.048), oliguria (p=0.036) were noted significantly in patients with HE. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly elevated (p=0.001) in HE as compared to HU. Circadian peaks were noted between 2pm - 4 pm followed by 2am - 4 am and circannual peaks were noted in hot and humid months of May and October. Occurrence of HE was significantly linked with male gender (p=0.037), alcoholism (p<0.001), dyslipidemia (p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001). Cardiac and cerebrovascular end organ involvement was noted in 67.2% each and majority of subjects (69.9%) had more than one organ involvement. Out of total 120 study subjects, 19 (15.83%) died within first 72 hours of admission with mean age of 52.47 years. Negative survival outcome was associated with hypertensive emergencies (p=0.021), smoking (p=0.05), dyslipidemia(p=0.002), diabetes mellitus(p=0.003), cardiovascular (p=0.002) and cerebrovascular involvement(p=0.015).CONCLUSIONS:
This study showcases the characteristic features of hypertensive crises in Indian subjects, thus allowing us a better understanding of the natural history of this medical emergency.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência
/
Hipertensão
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Assoc Physicians India
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article