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Nonlinear Z-score modeling for improved detection of cognitive abnormality.
Kornak, John; Fields, Julie; Kremers, Walter; Farmer, Sara; Heuer, Hilary W; Forsberg, Leah; Brushaber, Danielle; Rindels, Amy; Dodge, Hiroko; Weintraub, Sandra; Besser, Lilah; Appleby, Brian; Bordelon, Yvette; Bove, Jessica; Brannelly, Patrick; Caso, Christina; Coppola, Giovanni; Dever, Reilly; Dheel, Christina; Dickerson, Bradford; Dickinson, Susan; Dominguez, Sophia; Domoto-Reilly, Kimiko; Faber, Kelley; Ferrall, Jessica; Fishman, Ann; Fong, Jamie; Foroud, Tatiana; Gavrilova, Ralitza; Gearhart, Deb; Ghazanfari, Behnaz; Ghoshal, Nupur; Goldman, Jill; Graff-Radford, Jonathan; Graff-Radford, Neill; Grant, Ian M; Grossman, Murray; Haley, Dana; Hsiao, John; Hsiung, Robin; Huey, Edward D; Irwin, David; Jones, David; Jones, Lynne; Kantarci, Kejal; Karydas, Anna; Kaufer, Daniel; Kerwin, Diana; Knopman, David; Kraft, Ruth.
Afiliação
  • Kornak J; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Fields J; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Kremers W; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Farmer S; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Heuer HW; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Forsberg L; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Brushaber D; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Rindels A; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Dodge H; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Weintraub S; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
  • Besser L; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Appleby B; Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Bordelon Y; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  • Bove J; Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Brannelly P; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Caso C; Tau Consortium, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
  • Coppola G; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • Dever R; Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Dheel C; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Dickerson B; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Dickinson S; Harvard University/MGH, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Dominguez S; Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration, Radnor, PA, USA.
  • Domoto-Reilly K; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Faber K; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • Ferrall J; National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease (NCRAD), Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  • Fishman A; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Fong J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Foroud T; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Gavrilova R; National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease (NCRAD), Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  • Gearhart D; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Ghazanfari B; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Ghoshal N; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Goldman J; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
  • Graff-Radford J; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
  • Graff-Radford N; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Grant IM; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
  • Grossman M; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Haley D; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Hsiao J; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
  • Hsiung R; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Huey ED; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Irwin D; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
  • Jones D; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Jones L; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Kantarci K; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
  • Karydas A; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
  • Kaufer D; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Kerwin D; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Knopman D; UTSW, Dallas, TX, USA.
  • Kraft R; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
Alzheimers Dement (Amst) ; 11: 797-808, 2019 Dec.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31872042
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Conventional Z-scores are generated by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. More recent methods linearly correct for age, sex, and education, so that these "adjusted" Z-scores better represent whether an individual's cognitive performance is abnormal. Extreme negative Z-scores for individuals relative to this normative distribution are considered indicative of cognitive deficiency.

METHODS:

In this article, we consider nonlinear shape constrained additive models accounting for age, sex, and education (correcting for nonlinearity). Additional shape constrained additive models account for varying standard deviation of the cognitive scores with age (correcting for heterogeneity of variance).

RESULTS:

Corrected Z-scores based on nonlinear shape constrained additive models provide improved adjustment for age, sex, and education, as indicated by higher adjusted-R2.

DISCUSSION:

Nonlinearly corrected Z-scores with respect to age, sex, and education with age-varying residual standard deviation allow for improved detection of non-normative extreme cognitive scores.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies / Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Alzheimers Dement (Amst) Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies / Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Alzheimers Dement (Amst) Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos