The Right Ventricle: From Embryologic Development to RV Failure.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) have different developmental origins, which likely plays a role in their chamber-specific response to physiological and pathological stress. RV dysfunction is encountered frequently in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and right heart abnormalities emerge from different causes than increased afterload alone as is observed in RV dysfunction due to pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this review, we describe the developmental, structural, and functional differences between ventricles while highlighting emerging therapies for RV dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS: There are new insights into the role of fibrosis, inflammation, myocyte contraction, and mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of RV dysfunction. We discuss the current state of therapies that may potentially improve RV function in both experimental and clinical trials. A clearer understanding of the differences in molecular alterations in the RV compared to the LV may allow for the development of better therapies that treat RV dysfunction.