Histo-Blood Group Antigen Null Phenotypes Associated With a Decreased Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure Among Children <2 Years of Age Participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study in Kenya, Mali, and the Gambia.
Clin Infect Dis
; 76(76 Suppl1): S153-S161, 2023 04 19.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37074435
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Previously studied risk factors for rotavirus vaccine failure have not fully explained reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings. We assessed the relationship between histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) phenotypes and clinical rotavirus vaccine failure among children <2 years of age participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa Study in 3 sub-Saharan African countries.METHODS:
Saliva was collected and tested for HBGA phenotype in children who received rotavirus vaccine. The association between secretor and Lewis phenotypes and rotavirus vaccine failure was examined overall and by infecting rotavirus genotype using conditional logistic regression in 218 rotavirus-positive cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea and 297 matched healthy controls.RESULTS:
Both nonsecretor and Lewis-negative phenotypes (null phenotypes) were associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine failure across all sites (matched odds ratio, 0.30 [95% confidence interval 0.16-0.56] or 0.39 [0.25-0.62], respectively]. A similar decrease in risk against rotavirus vaccine failure among null HBGA phenotypes was observed for cases with P[8] and P[4] infection and their matched controls. While we found no statistically significant association between null HBGA phenotypes and vaccine failure among P[6] infections, the matched odds ratio point estimate for Lewis-negative individuals was >4.CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between null HBGA phenotypes and decreased rotavirus vaccine failure in a population with P[8] as the most common infecting genotype. Further studies are needed in populations with a large burden of P[6] rotavirus diarrhea to understand the role of host genetics in reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Infecções por Rotavirus
/
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos
/
Rotavirus
/
Vacinas contra Rotavirus
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Clin Infect Dis
Assunto da revista:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos