RESUMO
La prevalencia de fluorosis dental presenta una gran variabilidad a nivel mundial. Es necesario su análisis como parte de la vigilancia epidemiológica. Objetivo: Conocer la literatura disponible sobre prevalencia de fluorosis dental a la edad de 12 años en relación con el método de fluoruración comunitario utilizado. Metodología: Dos investigadoras realizaron una revisión sistemática de la literatura sin límites temporales siguiendo las pautas PRISMA, utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, BVS y Google Schoolar en idioma inglés, español, portugués e italiano. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 19 artículos de diseño transversal, 16 pertenecientes a comunidades que utilizan agua fluorurada, uno que utiliza sal fluorurada y 2 que comparan resultados entre comunidades que utilizan agua o sal fluorurada. Conclusiones: existe gran variabilidad en los reportes de prevalencia de fluorosis dental. Independientemente del método de fluoruración comunitario utilizado las lesiones de fluorosis de severidad leve son las más prevalentes.
Os relatos sobre a prevalência de fluorose dentária aos 12 anos apresentam grande variabilidade, não havendo unificação quanto ao uso dos índices. Independentemente do meio comunitário de fluoretação e do índice utilizado, a fluorose dentária leve é ââa mais prevalente. Objetivo: Conhecer a literatura disponível sobre prevalência de fluorose dentária aos 12 anos em relação ao método comunitário de fluoretação utilizado. Metodologia: Dois pesquisadores realizaram uma revisão sistemática da literatura sem limites de tempo seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, BVS e Google Schoolar em inglês, espanhol, português e italiano. Resultados: Foram incluídos 19 artigos transversais, sendo 16 pertencentes a comunidades que utilizam água fluoretada, un sal fluoretada e 2 que comparam resultados entre comunidades que utilizam água fluoretada ou salgada. Conclusões: Há grande variabilidade nos relatos de prevalência de fluorose dentária. Independentemente do método de fluoretação comunitária utilizado, as lesões de fluorose de gravidade leve são as mais prevalentes.
The prevalence of dental fluorosis presents great variability worldwide. Its analysis is necessary as part of epidemiological surveillance Objective: To know the available literature on the prevalence of dental fluorosis among 12 years-old in relation to the community fluoridation method used. Methodology: Two researchers carried out a systematic review of the literature without time limits following the PRISMA guidelines, using the Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, BVS and Google Schoolar databases in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. Results: 19 cross-sectional articles were included, 16 belonging to communities that use fluoridated water, one that use fluoridated salt and 2 that compare results between communities that use fluoridated water or salt. Conclusions: there is great variability in the reports of prevalence of dental fluorosis. Regardless of the community fluoridation method used, fluorosis lesions of mild severity are the most prevalent.
RESUMO
The aim of this multicenter study was to explore the early-life sugar consumption and dietary practices in Latin America as well as to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the age at which foods and beverages with added sugars are introduced. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 1- to 3-year-old children from 10 Latin American countries, as a complementary study to the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region (OICAL). A Food Frequency Questionnaire previously tested in different countries was applied to children's mothers and data on breastfeeding and age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was collected. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test and Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of crude and adjusted mean ratios (MR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). The average age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was 10.1 months (95%CI 9.7-10.4) and 9.6 (95%CI 9.2-9.9) months, respectively, with a significant variation between countries (p < 0.001). The average daily frequency of sugary foods-beverages was 3.3 times per day (95%CI 3.1-3.5) and varied significantly between countries (p = 0.004). Breastfeeding duration of over six months was associated with an increase in the age of introduction of sweet drinks (16%; MR 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.28) and foods (21%; MR 1.21; 95%CI 1.10-1.33). In conclusion, most children from vulnerable settings in Latin America start consuming sugary products in the first year of life and a high frequency of consumption was reported through early childhood. Additionally, breastfeeding contributes to a delay in the introduction of sugary products.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Cárie Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Açúcares , América Latina , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Açúcares da DietaRESUMO
Abstract The aim of this multicenter study was to explore the early-life sugar consumption and dietary practices in Latin America as well as to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the age at which foods and beverages with added sugars are introduced. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 1- to 3-year-old children from 10 Latin American countries, as a complementary study to the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region (OICAL). A Food Frequency Questionnaire previously tested in different countries was applied to children's mothers and data on breastfeeding and age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was collected. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test and Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of crude and adjusted mean ratios (MR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). The average age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was 10.1 months (95%CI 9.7-10.4) and 9.6 (95%CI 9.2-9.9) months, respectively, with a significant variation between countries (p < 0.001). The average daily frequency of sugary foods-beverages was 3.3 times per day (95%CI 3.1-3.5) and varied significantly between countries (p = 0.004). Breastfeeding duration of over six months was associated with an increase in the age of introduction of sweet drinks (16%; MR 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.28) and foods (21%; MR 1.21; 95%CI 1.10-1.33). In conclusion, most children from vulnerable settings in Latin America start consuming sugary products in the first year of life and a high frequency of consumption was reported through early childhood. Additionally, breastfeeding contributes to a delay in the introduction of sugary products.
RESUMO
To assess the impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in infants in ten Latin America countries (LAC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 930 pairs of 1-to-3-year-old children/parents from 10 LAC, as a complementary study of the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. The scale ECOHIS, previously tested and valid in ten countries, was applied to parents/caregivers of children to measure OHRQoL. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-One-Way) were performed to compare age groups with OHRQoL. Bootstrapping procedures (1000 re-samplings; 95%CI Bca) were performed. The mean scores of the 'Child Impact' section in the LAC was 4.0(±8.3), in the 'Family Impact' section was 2.0(±4.0), and in overall ECOHIS score was 6.0(±12.0). In the 'Child Impact' section, Argentina 10.0(+2.4) and Venezuela 17.8(±17.5) demonstrated mean scores higher than the LAC total data. In the 'Family Impact' section, the countries with higher mean scores were Argentina 4.9(±2.0), Ecuador 2.1(±3.1) and Venezuela 7.9(±7.8). In the overall ECOHIS score, Argentina 15.1 (±4.1) and Venezuela 25.7(±25.2) has higher mean scores than the values of LAC. There is an association between children's age and parents' report of impact on the OHRQoL (p<0.001). Three-year-olds had a higher mean when compared to one- and two-year-olds, both in the Impact on the Child and Impact on the Family (p<0.001) sections, as well as in the overall ECOHIS (p<0.001). In conclusion, there are differences in OHRQoL among Latin American countries, impacting older children more significantly.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Saúde Bucal , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , América Latina , Pais , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Abstract To assess the impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in infants in ten Latin America countries (LAC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 930 pairs of 1-to-3-year-old children/parents from 10 LAC, as a complementary study of the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. The scale ECOHIS, previously tested and valid in ten countries, was applied to parents/caregivers of children to measure OHRQoL. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-One-Way) were performed to compare age groups with OHRQoL. Bootstrapping procedures (1000 re-samplings; 95%CI Bca) were performed. The mean scores of the 'Child Impact' section in the LAC was 4.0(±8.3), in the 'Family Impact' section was 2.0(±4.0), and in overall ECOHIS score was 6.0(±12.0). In the 'Child Impact' section, Argentina 10.0(+2.4) and Venezuela 17.8(±17.5) demonstrated mean scores higher than the LAC total data. In the 'Family Impact' section, the countries with higher mean scores were Argentina 4.9(±2.0), Ecuador 2.1(±3.1) and Venezuela 7.9(±7.8). In the overall ECOHIS score, Argentina 15.1 (±4.1) and Venezuela 25.7(±25.2) has higher mean scores than the values of LAC. There is an association between children's age and parents' report of impact on the OHRQoL (p<0.001). Three-year-olds had a higher mean when compared to one- and two-year-olds, both in the Impact on the Child and Impact on the Family (p<0.001) sections, as well as in the overall ECOHIS (p<0.001). In conclusion, there are differences in OHRQoL among Latin American countries, impacting older children more significantly.
Resumo Avaliar o impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) em crianças de dez países da América Latina (AL). Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 930 pares de crianças/pais de 1 a 3 anos de 10 países da AL, como estudo complementar do Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. A escala ECOHIS, previamente testada e validada em dez países, foi aplicada a pais/cuidadores de crianças para mensurar a QVRSB. A análise estatística incluiu análise descritiva de dados e análise de variância unidirecional (ANOVA-One-Way) para comparar grupos etários com QVRSB. Procedimentos de bootstrapping (1000 reamostragens; 95%IC Bca) foram realizados. A pontuação média da seção 'Impacto na Criança' na AL foi 4,0 (±8,3), na seção 'Impacto na Família' foi 2,0 (±4,0) e no escore total do ECOHIS foi 6,0 (±12,0). Na seção 'Impacto na Criança', Argentina 10,0(+2,4) e Venezuela 17,8(±17,5) demonstraram pontuações médias superiores aos dados totais da AL. Na seção 'Impacto na Família', os países com pontuações médias mais altas foram Argentina 4,9(±2,0), Equador 2,1(±3,1) e Venezuela 7,9(±7,8). No escore total do ECOHIS, Argentina 15,1 (±4,1) e Venezuela 25,7(±25,2) apresentaram escores médios superiores aos valores de AL. Houve associação entre a idade das crianças e o relato dos pais de impacto na QVRSB (p<0,001). As crianças de três anos tiveram média maior quando comparadas às de um e dois anos, tanto nas seções 'Impacto na Criança' e 'Impacto na Família' (p<0,001), quanto no escore total ECOHIS (p<0,001). Em conclusão, houveram diferenças na QVRSB entre os países da América Latina, impactando de forma mais significativa as crianças mais velhas.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the value of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics in identifying adolescents who would benefit from radiographs for dental caries detection in a high-caries experience population. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 356 adolescents answered a validated questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and oral health behavior and were clinically and radiographically examined for caries. The outcome was the benefit arising from radiographs for caries detection at the patient level, defined as the number of surfaces clinically classified as sound but presenting radiolucency. RESULTS: A total of 169 participants (47.5%) benefited from radiographs. One-third of approximal lesions were detected clinically, whereas two-thirds, mostly initial lesions, were detected radiographically only. Adolescents who reported frequent consumption of soft drinks and sugary food, those with D1MFS (noncavitated and cavitated caries experience) ≥12, D5MFS (cavitated caries experience) ≥1, clinically detected approximal lesions, and active caries were significantly more likely to benefit from radiographs (P ≤ .002). Although some indicators showed moderate-to-good sensitivity (consumption of sugary food, caries activity) or specificity (absence of clinically diagnosed approximal lesions), the accuracy of indicators evaluated (isolated or combined) never reached 0.60. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of correctly identifying which adolescents would benefit from radiographs for caries detection purposes was limited in a population with high-caries experience.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Humanos , Radiografia , Radiografia InterproximalRESUMO
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el abordaje individualizado, inclusivo y humanizado de un niño de 4 años y tres meses, con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1, atendido en la Carrera de Especialización en Odontopediatría de la Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la RepuÌ blica, Montevideo, Uruguay. En el examen clínico se pudo observar cicatrices derivadas del tratamiento quirúrgico del neurofibroma plexiforme en la zona cervical y la presencia de hipotonicidad muscular oral. Al examen clínico intraoral, se observaron amplias zonas desdentadas a consecuencia de exodoncias de quince dientes deciduos. Presentaba lesiones activas de caries en los dientes remanentes, acompañado de biopelícula generalizada y sangrado gingival provocado. Se realizoÌ un abordaje integral del paciente y la terapia rehabilitadora mediante el uso de prótesis parcial removible superior e inferior. Concluímos que el tratamiento odontológico educativo, preventivo, restaurador y rehabilitador fue satisfactorio y la empatía, como proceso dinaÌmico, involucroÌ mecanismos cognitivos, afectivos y conductuales, y fue reconocida por sus efectos positivos en la promoción de la salud bucal del paciente.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar uma abordagem odontológica individualizada, inclusiva e humanizada, enfatizando a importância do tratamento de uma criança de 4 anos e três meses, com diagnóstico de neurofibromatose tipo 1, que foi encaminhada e tratada en la clínica de la Carrera de Especialización en Odontopediatria de la Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República. O exame clínico revelou cicatrizes decorrentes do tratamento cirúrgico do neurofibroma plexiforme que acometia o pescoço da criança e hipotonicidade muscular oral. Ao exame clínico intraoral, quinze dentes decíduos estavam ausentes e cinco com lesões de cárie na primeira infância, além de presença generalizada de biofilme microbiano nas superfícies dentais e sangramento gengival provocado. Foi realizado tratamento odontológico necessário ao paciente, com os devidos cuidados e terapia reabilitadora com prótese parcial removível superior e inferior. Concluímos que o tratamento odontológico educacional, preventivo, restaurador e reabilitador foi satisfatório e a empatia, como processo dinâmico, envolveu mecanismos cognitivos, afetivos e comportamentais e foi reconhecida por seus efeitos positivos na promoção da saúde bucal do paciente.
This paper aims to report an individualized, inclusive, and humanized dental approach, emphasizing the importance of treating a child aged four years and three months with neurofibromatosis type 1. The patient was referred and treated at the Clinic of the Specialization Course in Pediatric Dentistry of the Graduate School, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la RepuÌblica, Montevideo, Uruguay. The clinical examination revealed scars from the surgical treatment of the plexiform neurofibroma and neck and oral muscle hypotonicity. The intraoral clinical examination showed large edentulous areas as 15 deciduous teeth were missing. The patient had active carious lesions, generalized microbial biofilm on the tooth surfaces, and gingival bleeding. A comprehensive treatment was provided, as well as restorative therapy with upper and lower removable partial dentures. We conclude that the dental educational, preventive, restorative, and rehabilitation treatment was satisfactory. Furthermore, empathy, as a dynamic process, involved cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms. It also helped enhance the patient's oral health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/complicações , Neurofibromatose 1/complicações , Cárie Dentária/complicações , Humanização da Assistência , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/terapia , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Prótese Parcial RemovívelRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability and stability of soluble fluoride fraction in commercial fluoride toothpastes available in Uruguay. Methods Fourteen fluoride toothpastes from four different manufacturers were analyzed. Randomized and blinded analyses were performed in duplicate for each dentifrice at the time of purchase (fresh samples) and after 12 months of storage at room temperature (aged samples). Total fluoride and total soluble fluoride concentrations were measured using a fluoride specific electrode. Results Total fluoride concentrations in all of the products were lower than the F levels specified by the manufacturers. Total soluble fluoride fractions were lower than the total fluoride concentrations in fresh samples of five toothpastes and in aged samples of ten toothpastes (p < 0.05). Three toothpastes had insufficient and unstable total soluble fluoride fractions (< 60%) and five toothpastes had only unstable total soluble fluoride fractions (<1000 ppm) after 12 months. Conclusion Based on theresults of this study, it can be concluded that from fourteen Uruguayan commercial fluoride toothpastes analyzed in this study, three toothpastes have insufficient and unstable chemically active F fractions and five other toothpastes have the lack of stability which may compromise their efficacies. Review the guidelines on fluoride dentifrices in Uruguay is necessary, in order to ensure optimum benefit for population.
RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade e a estabilidade da fração solúvel de flúor nos dentifrícios fluoretados comercialmente disponíveis no Uruguai. Métodos Quatorze dentifrícios fluoretados de quatro diferentes fabricantes foram analisados. Análises randomizadas e cegas foram realizadas em duplicata para cada dentifrício no momento da aquisição (amostras frescas) e depois de 12 meses de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente (amostras envelhecidas). As concentrações de flúor total e flúor solúvel total foram determinadas usando um eletrodo específico para flúor. Resultados As concentrações de flúor total de todos os produtos testados foram menores do que os níveis de flúor especificados pelos fabricantes. Os valores das frações de flúor solúvel total foram menores do que as concentrações de flúor total nas amostras frescas de cinco dentifrícios e nas amostras envelhecidas de 10 dentifrícios (p < 0.05). Três dentifrícios apresentaram as frações de flúor solúvel total insuficientes e instáveis (< 60%) e cinco dentifrícios tiveram apenas frações instáveis de flúor solúvel total (<1000 ppm) após 12 meses. Conclusão Baseado nosresultados deste estudo pode-se concluir que dos quatorze dentifrícios fluoretados comercialmente disponíveis no Uruguai analisados neste estudo, três produtos apresentaram insuficientes e instáveis frações quimicamente ativas de flúor e cinco outros dentifrícios tiveram falta de estabilidade o que pode comprometer suas eficácias. É necessário revisar as orientações sobre dentifrícios fluoretados no Uruguai a fim de garantir um benefício ótimo para a população.
Assuntos
Cremes Dentais , Dentifrícios , Fluoretos , Uruguai , Cárie DentáriaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Dentárias/diagnóstico , DentiçãoRESUMO
El objetivo del artículo fue realizar una revisión sobre la Enfermedad Periodontal en Uruguay. Fueron consultadas bases de datos internacionales (PUBMED, SCOPUS, EBSCO, SciELO). Paralelamente la búsqueda abarcó fuentes nacionales (Biblioteca Nacional de Odontología, Centro de documentación de la Facultad de Odontología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas), complementado por búsqueda manual. Los estudios hallados aportaron información epidemiológica útil, además de permitir un repaso histórico sobre conceptos de epidemiología, etio-patogenía y corrientes hegemónicas de la periodoncia. La Enfermedad Gingival representa la patología más prevalente, mientras que los cuadros periodontales destructivos afectan fundamentalmente a los adultos. La edad, el origen geográfico, la clase social y el hábito de fumar son indicadores fuertemente asociados con dichos trastornos. De la lectura pormenorizada de los artículos recopilados se plantean sugerencias a ser consideradas en los próximos relevamientos epidemiológicos.
This article aims to review periodontal disease in Uruguay. International databases (PUBMED, SCOPUS, EBSCO, SciELO) were consulted. The search also included national sources (National Library of Dentistry, Documentation Center of the School of Dentistry, Ministry of Public Health, National Directorate of Health of the Armed Forces) which were searched manually. The studies found provided useful epidemiological information and allowed us to conduct a historical review of epidemiology concepts, etiopathogenesis and hegemonic currents in periodontics. Gingival disease is the most prevalent disease, while destructive periodontal conditions mainly affect adults. Age, geographical origin, social class and smoking are indicators strongly associated with these disorders. From the close reading of the articles collected we can make suggestions to be considered in future epidemiological surveys
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , UruguaiRESUMO
This study aimed to assess dental caries status and associated factors in Uruguayan adults and elders using data from the first Uruguayan National Oral Health Survey. Data were representative of the country as a whole. Socio-demographic information was collected with a closed questionnaire. Dental caries was assessed by clinical examination using the DMFT index. The final sample consisted of 769 participants. Mean DMFT was 15.20 and 24.12 for the 35-44 and 65-74-year age groups, respectively. Mean number of decayed teeth was 1.70 in adults and 0.66 in elders. Multivariate analyses showed higher prevalence of dental caries associated with age 65-74 years, low socioeconomic status, use of public dental services, presence of gingivitis; for decayed teeth, age 35-44 years, low socioeconomic status, use of public dental services, infrequent tooth brushing, need for oral health care, and presence of root caries showed higher severity. Uruguayan adults and elders from disadvantaged backgrounds concentrated a heavier burden of dental caries.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Higiene Bucal , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to assess dental caries status and associated factors in Uruguayan adults and elders using data from the first Uruguayan National Oral Health Survey. Data were representative of the country as a whole. Socio-demographic information was collected with a closed questionnaire. Dental caries was assessed by clinical examination using the DMFT index. The final sample consisted of 769 participants. Mean DMFT was 15.20 and 24.12 for the 35-44 and 65-74-year age groups, respectively. Mean number of decayed teeth was 1.70 in adults and 0.66 in elders. Multivariate analyses showed higher prevalence of dental caries associated with age 65-74 years, low socioeconomic status, use of public dental services, presence of gingivitis; for decayed teeth, age 35-44 years, low socioeconomic status, use of public dental services, infrequent tooth brushing, need for oral health care, and presence of root caries showed higher severity. Uruguayan adults and elders from disadvantaged backgrounds concentrated a heavier burden of dental caries.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las condiciones de caries y factores asociados en población adulta y adulta mayor uruguaya, a partir de datos del primer Estudio Uruguayo de Salud Oral. Los datos fueron representativos del país. Las condiciones socioeconómicas fueron evaluadas por cuestionarios. La caries dental fue evaluada por examen clínico, mediante el índice CPO-D. La muestra final evaluada fue de 769 personas. El CPO-D medio fue de 15,20 y 24,12 para los tramos de 35-44 años y de 65-74 años, respectivamente. La media de dientes cariados fue 1,70 entre los adultos y 0,66 entre los adultos mayores. Análisis multivariables mostraron una mayor severidad de caries: el tramo de 65-74 años, el bajo nivel socioeconómico, usuarios del servicio público de salud oral, y la presencia de sangrado gingival; mientras para caries sin tratar: el tramo de 35-44 años, el bajo nivel socioeconómico, el uso del servicio público de salud oral, el cepillado menor a dos veces al día, la necesidad auto-reportada para tratamiento dental y la presencia de caries radicular estuvieron asociadas. Adultos y adultos mayores uruguayos de bajo nivel socioeconómico concentran mayor carga de caries dental.
Este estudo objetivou investigar as condições de cárie dentária e fatores associados na população adulta e idosa uruguaia com base nos dados oriundos do primeiro Levantamento Uruguaio de Saúde Bucal. Os dados foram representativos do país. Condições socioeconômicas foram coletadas por meio de questionários. Cárie dentária foi avaliada por meio de exame clínico com o uso do índice CPO-D. A amostra total examinada foi de 769 participantes. O CPO-D médio foi 15,20 e 24,12 para os grupos de 35-44 anos e de 65-74 anos, respectivamente. A média de dentes cariados foi 1,70 entre os adultos e 0,66 entre os idosos. Análises multivariadas demonstraram maior severidade de cárie dentária: grupo 65-74 anos, baixa posição socioeconômica, usuários do serviço público de saúde bucal, e presença de sangramento gengival; e, para dentes cariados: grupo de 35-44 anos, baixa posição socioeconômica, uso de serviço público para saúde bucal, escovação menor que duas vezes ao dia, necessidade de tratamento dentário autopercebido, e presença de cárie radicular se mostraram associados. Adultos e idosos em condições socioeconômicas mais baixas apresentam maior concentração de cárie dentária.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Higiene Bucal , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among children with different health care coverage in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was designed, considering children born from 1993-2003 who were seen in the Chairs of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry (Universidad de Buenos Aires) and of Pediatric Dentistry (Universidad de la República) and at five private dental offices between April and December 2010. Two groups were defined: A (Buenos Aires; n=1,090) and B (Montevideo; n=626). The clinical diagnosis was carried out with calibrated examiners (Kappa: 0.94) using the Mathu-Muju and Wright criteria. The prevalence of MIH was found to be 16.1% in A and 12.3% in B (p=0.03), with statistically significant differences between the public and private care sectors in both groups (A p=0.0008; B p=0.0004) and a positive correlation between MIH and year of birth (A p=0.001; B p=0.005). The results show that MIH is an emerging pathology and that MIH prevalence is related to year of birth and access to health care.
Assuntos
Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/economia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Prevalência , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El objetivo fue comparar la frecuencia de la hipomineralización molar incisiva (HMI) entre niños con diferente cobertura de salud en Buenos Aires y Montevideo. Se diseñó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo con los nacidos entre 1993-2003, asististidos en las Cátedras de Odontología Integral Niños (Universidad de Buenos Aires) y de Odontopediatría (Universidad de la República) y en cinco clínicas privadas, entre abril y diciembre 2010. Se conformaron dos grupos: A (Buenos Aires; n=1.090) y B (Montevideo; n=626). El diagnóstico clínico fue realizado por examinadores calibrados (Kappa: 0,94) con los criterios de Mathu-Muju y Wright. Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia de HMI en A del 16,1% y en B del 12,3% (p=0,03), con diferencias significativas entre los sectores público y privado en ambos grupos (A p=0,0008; B p=0,0004) y una correlación positiva entre la HMI y el año de nacimiento (A p=0,001; B p=0,005) Los resultados permiten concluir que la HMI es una patología emergente y su prevalencia se relaciona al año de nacimiento y al acceso al cuidado de salud.
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among children with different health care coverage in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was designed, considering children born from 1993-2003 who were seen in the Chairs of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry (Universidad de Buenos Aires) and of Pediatric Dentistry (Universidad de la República) and at five private dental offices between April and December 2010. Two groups were defined: A (Buenos Aires; n=1,090) and B (Montevideo; n=626). The clinical diagnosis was carried out with calibrated examiners (Kappa: 0.94) using the Mathu-Muju and Wright criteria. The prevalence of MIH was found to be 16.1% in A and 12.3% in B (p=0.03), with statistically significant differences between the public and private care sectors in both groups (A p=0.0008; B p=0.0004) and a positive correlation between MIH and year of birth (A p=0.001; B p=0.005). The results show that MIH is an emerging pathology and that MIH prevalence is related to year of birth and access to health care.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/economia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de Hipomineralización Molar Incisiva (MIH) en Montevideo, Uruguay; relacionar la prevalencia de MIH con: edad, género, año de nacimiento y diferente cobertura asistencial (pública y privada). Se diseñó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo con el total de niños asistidos entre julio-diciembre 2010 en la Cátedra de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República y en dos consultorios privados en Montevideo (626), nacidos entre 1993-2003 y con los 4 primeros molares e incisivos permanentes erupcionados. El diagnóstico clínico lo realizaron examinadores calibrados (Kappa intra 100%; inter 0.99, 0.98 y 0.90). La prevalencia de MIH fue de 11.8%, con una diferencia significativa entre sector público y privado y con una alta correlación positiva entre presencia de MIH y año de nacimiento (p<0.0001). Los resultados confirmaron que: 1) MIH es una patología frecuente 2) la prevalencia de MIH a nivel privado es superior 3) es necesario estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño.
Objectives: To know the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) in Montevideo, Uruguay; to study the relationship between the prevalence of MIH and: age, gender, year of birth and different health care coverage (private and public). A transversal, observational and descriptive study was designed with the total of the children that were assisted between July and December 2010 in the Pediatric Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República and in two private dentist offices in Montevideo (626), born between 1993 - 2003 and with the first four molars and permanent incisives erupted. The clinical diagnosis was done by calibrated examiners (100% kappa intra, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.90 inter). MIH prevalence was 11.8%, with a significant difference between public and private sector and with a high positive correlation between the presence of MIH and year of birth (p<0.0001). The results confirmed that: 1) MIH is a frequent pathology 2) The prevalence of MIH is higher in the private sector 3) Studies with bigger samples are necessary.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Dentárias , Desmineralização do Dente/epidemiologia , Criança , UruguaiRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The objectives of this study are to compare the prevalence of MIH in children seeking dental care spontaneously at the Department of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the University of La República (UdelaR) and to analyze the distribution according to year of birth, sex, age, number of affected teeth and maximum degree of severity in molars and incisors. During 2010, nine pediatric dentists from both schools (Kappa = 0.94) assessed all children born between 1993 and 2003 whose 4 first molars and 8 permanent incisors had erupted. Specially designed charts were used to record sex, year of birth, institution, presence of MIH, number of affected incisors and molars and maximum degree of severity for each tooth. Two groups were formed: UBA: A (n = 512) and UdelaR: B (n = 463). RESULTS: 975 children (11.6 +/- 2.67 years) were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the total sample was 6.56%, without significant differences between A and B (p = 0.76). There was no significant difference between groups regarding age (p = 0. 95) or sex (p = 0.30). A significant increase was found in both institutions according to year of birth during the study period. (A: p = 0.0017) B: p = 0. 0058). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show a similar prevalence of MIH among patients seeking dental care at the Schools of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and University of la República (Uruguay). No significant difference was found comparing the distribution by sex, affected teeth or severity of each tooth. A highly significant positive correlation was found regarding the year of birth. The relevance of MIH as an emerging pathology requires studies on larger samples covering the entire countries.
Assuntos
Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Assistência Odontológica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Faculdades de Odontologia , Universidades , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Los datos sobre prevalencia de MIH en Latinoamérica son escasos. Los objetivos de este trabajo son comparar la prevalencia de MIH en niños que demandaron atención en las Cátedras de Odontología Integral Niños de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA) y de Odontopediatría de la Universidadde la República (UdelaR) y analizar en ambas unidades académicas la distribución según la variable año de nacimiento, sexo, edad, número de piezas afectadas y máxima severidaden molares e incisivos. 9 docentes de ambas facultades (Kappa= 0.94) evaluaron durante el periodo lectivo del año 2010 a todos los niños nacidos entre 1993 y 2003 que presentabanerupcionados los 4 primeros molares y los 8 incisivos permanentes y que concurrieron espontáneamente a ambasunidades académicas para su atención odontológica integral. Después de una profilaxis, las piezas fueron clínicamente evaluadas con luz del foco, previamente secadas, registrando en planillas diseñadas para tal fin, sexo, año de nacimiento, institución de pertenencia, presencia de MIH, número de incisivosy molares afectados y máximo grado de severidad. La severidad se cuantificó a través de su aspecto en: Normal (0), Blanco crema (1), Amarillo marrón (2) y Pérdida de esmalte (3). Se conformaron dos grupos: UBA: A (n=512) y UdelaR: B (n=463). Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados estadísticamente utilizando porcentajes con sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento para la descripción de la prevalencia y otras variables cualitativas; Test Exacto de Fisher para la comparación de las proporciones y Test de Welch para la comparación de las edades. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 975 niños, edad media: 11.6 ± 2,67 años. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en relación a las variables edad (p=0.95) y sexo (p=0.30). La prevalencia de MIH del total de la muestra fue de 6.56 por ciento, sin diferencias significativas entre A y B (p= 0.76).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Incisivo/anormalidades , Dente Molar/anormalidades , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Argentina/epidemiologia , Faculdades de Odontologia , Estudos Transversais , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Information on acute myocardial infarction incidence and mortality is essential for determining the efficacy of the health system's cardiovascular disease prevention activities; however, in Cuba, sufficient data related to acute myocardial infarction are lacking, particularly at the local level. OBJECTIVE: Describe acute myocardial infarction incidence, mortality and case fatality rates from January 2007 through December 2008 in persons aged 45-74 in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The World Health Organization MONItoring Trends and Determinants in CArdiovascular Disease Project (MONICA) methodology was used, but only in part, since out-of-hospital case fatalities were not investigated, resulting in insufficient data for such cases. Cases of acute myocardial infarction covered under MONICA definition 1 were included (non-fatal definite, fatal definite, fatal possible, and unclassifiable deaths). Hospitalized patients were followed for 28 days. Incidence, mortality and case fatality rates in the population were calculated by age group (45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years) and sex. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method, with the world population as a reference. RESULTS: A total of 482 cases of acute myocardial infarction were registered. The percentage of cases of non-fatal definite, fatal definite, fatal possible and fatal with insufficient data were 32%, 18.3%, 26.3% and 13.9% respectively. The cumulative age-standardized incidence per 100,000 population was 433 (95% CI 365-501) in men and 195 (95% CI 152-237) in women, while mortality per 100,000 population was 242 (95% CI 192-292) in men and 120 (95% CI 87-153) in women. Case fatality was 56.4% in men and 62.6% in women. Most fatal cases (65.6%) occurred out of hospital, a trend that was more marked in men (73.9%) than in women (51%). CONCLUSIONS: Case fatality from acute myocardial infarction in Santa Clara residents was high, especially in women. Two thirds of fatalities occurred out of hospital, a higher proportion of these deaths in men. It is recommended that the AMI registry be completed by investigating out-of-hospital case fatalities with insufficient data; expanding it to include the 35-44 age group; and that the supply of cardiac marker enzyme immunoassay test kits in Santa Clara be stabilized.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Idoso , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Vigilância da População , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
El aumento en la prevalencia de hipomineralización del esmalte preocupa a la Odontopediatría. Las lesiones abarcan desde opacidades delimitadas blanco amarillentas o amarronadas hasta la ruptura del esmalte, siempre afectando a los primeros molares e incisivos permantentes. Por tal motivo se define esta patología con el nombre de "Molar Incisor Hipomineralization", lo que motiva el uso internacional de la sigla MIH. Se trata de una lesión de hipomineralización del esmalte, de origen sistémico y etiología variada que se desarrolla en el primer año de vida del individuo. Se debe hacer el diagnóstico diferencial con hipoplasias del esmalte, fluorosis y amelogénesis imperfecta. Las lesiones tienen un significativo impacto en las necesidades de tratamiento, incluso en poblaciones con baja actividad de caries, dificultan las técnicas adhesivas y requieren procedimientos rehabilitadores de alto costo en el adulto. La prevalencia reportada a nivel internacional varía entre 3 y 23,4%, afectando por igual a ambos sexos. En nuestro país son necesarios estudios para determinar su prevalencia.