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INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems are frequently overlooked in patients with epilepsy. We evaluate the oral health status of epilepsy patients from a tertiary teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of epilepsy patients from the neurology clinic, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur. The dental assessment included the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) criteria, as well as the plaque and periodontal status by dentists. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were recruited. The median age of onset of epilepsy was 16 (IQR 7-30) years, with generalised seizures at 59.6% and focal seizures in 40.4% of patients. Fair or poor oral health was present in 59 (39.1%) and gingivitis was seen in 65 (43%). The median DMFT decayed (D), missing (M) and filled teeth (FT) was 3 (IQR 1- 7). The median age of patients with fair or poor oral health was older (40 years, IQR 31-51) than the patients with excellent or good oral health (33 years, IQR 26-45), (p=0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that carbamazepine (Odds Ratios, OR: 3.694; 95% Confidence Intervals, 95%CI: 1.314, 10.384) and hypertension (OR 6.484; 95%CI: 1.011, 41.594) are the risk factors for fair or poor oral health. Phenytoin use is 4.271 times more likely to develop gingivitis (OR 4.271; 95% CI: 1.252, 14.573). CONCLUSION: Factors that contribute to fair or poor oral health include age, antiseizure medications like phenytoin and carbamazepine, and hypertension. Effective preventive strategies should be implemented to maintain oral health in epilepsy patients.
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Epilepsia , Saúde Bucal , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Malásia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , AdolescenteRESUMO
Long-term aluminum (Al) exposure increases the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of present study was to investigate the neural mechanisms of Al-induced MCI. In our study, a total of 52 individuals with occupational Al exposure > 10 years were enrolled and divided into two groups: MCI (Al-MCI) and healthy controls (Al-HC). Plasma Al concentrations and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score were collected for all participants. And diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were used to examine changes of white matter (WM) and functional connectivity (FC). There was a negative correlation between MoCA score and plasma Al concentration. Compared with the Al-HC, fractional anisotropy value for the right fornix (cres)/stria terminalis (FX/ST) was higher in the Al-MCI. Furthermore, there was a difference in FC between participants with and without MCI under Al exposure. We defined the regions with differing FC as a "pathway", specifically the connectivity from the right temporal pole to the right FX/ST, then to the right sagittal stratum, and further to the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part. In summary, we believe that the observed differences in WM integrity and FC in the right FX/ST between participants with and without MCI under long-term Al exposure may represent the neural mechanisms underlying MCI induced by aluminum exposure.Significance Statement Our study illuminates the neural "pathway" linking long-term aluminum exposure to mild cognitive impairment. Through integrated plasma aluminum assessments, cognitive evaluations, and advanced neuroimaging, we unveil differences in white matter integrity and functional connectivity, particularly in the right fornix/stria terminalis. These findings elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying Al-induced MCI, highlighting the importance of addressing occupational Al exposure as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline.
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Empirical rovibrational energy levels are presented for the third most abundant, asymmetric carbon dioxide isotopologue, 16O12C18O, based on a compiled dataset of experimental rovibrational transitions collected from the literature. The 52 literature sources utilized provide 19,438 measured lines with unique assignments in the wavenumber range of 2-12,676 cm-1. The MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) protocol, which is built upon the theory of spectroscopic networks, validates the great majority of these transitions and outputs 8786 empirical rovibrational energy levels with an uncertainty estimation based on the experimental uncertainties of the transitions. Issues found in the literature data, such as misassignment of quantum numbers, typographical errors, and misidentifications, are fixed before including them in the final MARVEL dataset and analysis. Comparison of the empirical energy-level data of this study with those in the line lists CDSD-2019 and Ames-2021 shows good overall agreement, significantly better for CDSD-2019; some issues raised by these comparisons are discussed.
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In December 2019, a number of subjects presenting with an unexplained pneumonia-like illness were suspected to have a link to a seafood market in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, this illness was identified as the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the World Committee on Virus Classification. Since its initial identification, the virus has rapidly sperad across the globe, posing an extraordinary challenge for the medical community. Currently, the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the most reliable method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. This procedure involves collecting oro-pharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals. Nevertheless, for the early detection of low viral loads, a more sensitive technique, such as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), has been suggested. Despite the high effectiveness of RT-PCR, there is increasing interest in utilizing highly trained dogs and electronic noses (eNoses) as alternative methods for screening asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2. These dogs and eNoses have demonstrated high sensitivity and can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), enabling them to distinguish between COVID-19 positive and negative individuals. This manuscript recapitulates the potential, advantages, and limitations of employing trained dogs and eNoses for the screening and control of SARS-CoV-2.
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COVID-19 , Nariz Eletrônico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Animais , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Cães , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Teste para COVID-19/métodos , Cães Trabalhadores , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) is a type of physical-cognitive exercise. Such exercise has been used as an exercise approach in different studies with older adults. This scoping review provides an overview of the protocols and outcomes of studies employing the SSE in older adults. METHODS: We searched in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, CABI Global Health, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2006 (first research article published on SSE) to December 2023 that met a robust inclusion criterion. The search yielded 424 articles, and after inclusion criteria being applied, 37 articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: A total of 37 studies were included in the final analysis. Thirty-three out of the 37 studies focused on apparently healthy older adults, while four were conducted with older adults with neurological disease (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke). Most studies (n = 25) adopted an experiment (i.e., randomized controlled trial) or quasi-experimental approach, while 12 were classified as non-randomized (i.e., cross-sectional, mixed methods). The studies were conducted in different parts of the globe and adopted three major formats of intervention delivery, namely in-person, online, and home-based. Frequency, SSE session duration and intervention length significantly varied among studies, and reported outcomes were in the domains of physical and cognitive function. CONCLUSION: This review comprehensively described the characteristics of 37 studies employing SSE in apparently healthy older adults and older adults with neurological diseases. The findings demonstrated that SSE has been used by researchers across the globe, adopting a variety of forms of delivery, and to particularly improve physical and cognitive function of different segments of the older adult population. The review further identified important gaps in research, including the restricted outcomes, and the lack of studies combining SSE with more traditional exercise modalities to address potential combinatory effects.
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Terapia por Exercício , Idoso , Humanos , Terapia por Exercício/métodosRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter randomized controlled noninferiority trial with intrapatient comparisons. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine noninferiority of a slowly resorbable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate with submicron microporosity (BCP<µm, MagnetOs™ Granules) as an alternative for autograft in instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Successful spinal fusion with a solid bone bridge between the vertebrae is traditionally achieved by grafting with autologous iliac bone. However, the disadvantages of autograft and unsatisfactory fusion rates have prompted the exploration of alternatives, including ceramics. Nevertheless, clinical evidence for the standalone use of these materials is limited. METHODS: Adults indicated for instrumented PLF (one to six levels) were enrolled at five participating centers. After bilateral instrumentation and fusion-bed preparation, the randomized allocation side (left or right) was disclosed. Per segment 10cc of BCP<µm granules (1-2 mm) was placed in the posterolateral gutter on one side and 10cc autograft on the contralateral side. Fusion was systematically scored on 1-year follow-up CT scans. The study was powered to detect >15% inferiority with binomial paired comparisons of the fusion performance score per treatment side. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients (57 ± 12.9 years, 62% female), 91 subjects and 128 segments were analyzed. The overall posterolateral fusion rate per segment (left and/or right) was 83%. For the BCP<µm side only the fusion rate was 79% vs. 47% for the autograft side (difference 32 percentage points, 95% CI = 23-41). Analysis of the primary outcome confirmed the noninferiority of BCP<µm with an absolute difference in paired proportions of 39.6% (95% CI = 26.8-51.2, < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This clinical trial demonstrates noninferiority and even indicates superiority of MagnetOs™ Granules as a standalone ceramic compared to autograft for posterolateral spinal fusion. These results challenge the belief that autologous bone is the most optimal graft material.
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Scene memory is prone to systematic distortions potentially arising from experience with the external world. Boundary transformation, a well-known memory distortion effect along the near-far axis of the three-dimensional space, represents the observer's erroneous recall of scenes' viewing distance. Researchers argued that normalization to the prototypical viewpoint with the high-probability viewing distance influenced this phenomenon. Herein, we hypothesized that the prototypical viewpoint also exists in the vertical angle of view (AOV) dimension and could cause memory distortion along scenes' vertical axis. Human subjects of both sexes were recruited to test this hypothesis, and two behavioral experiments were conducted, revealing a systematic memory distortion in the vertical AOV in both the forced choice (n = 79) and free adjustment (n = 30) tasks. Furthermore, the regression analysis implied that the complexity information asymmetry in scenes' vertical axis and the independent subjective AOV ratings from a large set of online participants (n = 1,208) could jointly predict AOV biases. Furthermore, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment (n = 24), we demonstrated the involvement of areas in the ventral visual pathway (V3/V4, PPA, and OPA) in AOV bias judgment. Additionally, in a magnetoencephalography experiment (n = 20), we could significantly decode the subjects' AOV bias judgments â¼140â ms after scene onset and the low-level visual complexity information around the similar temporal interval. These findings suggest that AOV bias is driven by the normalization process and associated with the neural activities in the early stage of scene processing.
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Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Magnetoencefalografia , Memória/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Vias Visuais/fisiologia , Vias Visuais/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) is a leading fiber and oilseed crop globally, but genetic diversity among breeding materials is often limited. This study analyzed genetic variability in 14 cotton genotypes from Egypt and other countries, including both cultivated varieties and wild types, using agro-morphological traits and genomic SSR markers. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons to evaluate 12 key traits related to plant growth, yield components, and fiber quality. Molecular diversity analysis utilized 10 SSR primers to generate DNA profiles. The Molecular diversity analysis utilized 10 SSR primers to generate DNA profiles. Data showed wide variation for the morphological traits, with Egyptian genotypes generally exhibiting higher means for vegetative growth and yield parameters. The top-performing genotypes for yield were Giza 96, Giza 94, and Big Black Boll genotypes, while Giza 96, Giza 92, and Giza 70 ranked highest for fiber length, strength, and fineness. In contrast, molecular profiles were highly polymorphic across all genotypes, including 82.5% polymorphic bands out of 212. Polymorphism information content was high for the SSR markers, ranging from 0.76 to 0.86. Genetic similarity coefficients based on the SSR data varied extensively from 0.58 to 0.91, and cluster analysis separated genotypes into two major groups according to geographical origin. The cotton genotypes displayed high diversity in morphology and genetics, indicating sufficient variability in the germplasm. The combined use of physical traits and molecular markers gave a thorough understanding of the genetic diversity and relationships between Egyptian and global cotton varieties. The SSR markers effectively profiled the genotypes and can help select ideal parents for enhancing cotton through hybridization and marker-assisted breeding.
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Fibra de Algodão , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Gossypium , Gossypium/genética , Gossypium/anatomia & histologia , Gossypium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Repetições de Microssatélites , Egito , FenótipoRESUMO
Organic photovoltaic cells are a promising technology for generating renewable energy from sunlight. These cells are made from organic materials, such as polymers or small molecules, and can be lightweight, flexible, and low-cost. Here, we have created a novel mixture of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) and chlorophenyl ethyl diisoquinoline (Ch-diisoQ). A coating unit has been utilized in preparing MgPc, Ch-diisoQ, and MgPc-Ch-diisoQ films onto to FTO substrate. The MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film has a spherical and homogeneous surface morphology with a grain size of 15.9 nm. The optical absorption of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film was measured, and three distinct bands were observed at 800-600 nm, 600-400 nm, and 400-250 nm, with a band gap energy of 1.58 eV. The current density-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements were performed to analyze the photoelectric properties of the three tested cells. The forward current density obtained from our investigated blend cell is more significant than that for each material by about 22%. The photovoltaic parameters (Voc, Isc, and FF) of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ cell were found to be 0.45 V, 2.12 µA, and 0.4, respectively. We believe that our investigated MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film will be a promising active layer in organic solar cells.
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Grão Comestível , Isoindóis , Magnésio , Capacitância Elétrica , Eletrônica , IndóisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) accounts for about 4% of female cancers globally. While Ki67-immunopositive (Ki67+) cell density is commonly used to assess proliferation in OC, the two-dimensional (2D) distribution pattern of these cells is poorly understood. This study explores the 2D distribution pattern of Ki67+ cells in primary OC tissues and models the proliferation process to improve our understanding of this hallmark of cancer. METHODS: A total of 100 tissue cores, included in a tissue microarray (TMA) representing 5 clear cell carcinomas, 62 serous carcinomas, 10 mucinous adenocarcinomas, 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 10 lymph node metastases from OC, and 10 samples of adjacent normal ovary tissue, were stained using a standardized immunohistochemical protocol. The computer-aided image analysis system assessed the 2D distribution pattern of Ki67+ proliferating cells, providing the cell number and density, patterns of randomness, and cell-to-cell closeness. Three computer models were created to simulate behavior and responses, aiming to gain insights into the variations in the proliferation process. RESULTS: Significant differences in Ki67+ cell density were found between low- and high-grade serous carcinoma/mucinous adenocarcinomas (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01, respectively). The Nearest Neighbor Index of Ki67+ cells differed significantly between high-grade serous carcinomas and endometrioid adenocarcinomas (p = 0.01), indicating distinct 2D Ki67+ distribution patterns. Proxemics analysis revealed significant differences in Ki67+ cell-to-cell closeness between low- and high-grade serous carcinomas (p = 0.002). Computer models showed varied effects on the overall organization of Ki67+ cells and the ability to preserve the original 2D distribution pattern when altering the location and/or density of Ki67+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation is a hallmark of OCs. This study provides new evidence that investigating the Ki67+ cell density and 2D distribution pattern can assist in understanding the proliferation status of OCs. Moreover, our computer models suggest that changes in Ki67+ cell density and their location are critical for maintaining the 2D distribution pattern.
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Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Carcinoma Endometrioide , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Feminino , Humanos , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Antígeno Ki-67 , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is known for its highly diverse clinical behavior, ranging from low-risk, slow-growing tumors to aggressive and life-threatening forms. To avoid over-treatment of low-risk PCa patients, it would be very important prior to any therapeutic intervention to appropriately classify subjects based on tumor aggressiveness. Unfortunately, there is currently no reliable test available for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of risk stratification of PCa subjects using an electronic nose (eNose) detecting PCa-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine samples. Methods: The study involved 120 participants who underwent diagnostic prostate biopsy followed by robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). PCa risk was categorized as low, intermediate, or high based on the D'Amico risk classification and the pathological grade (PG) assessed after RARP. The eNose's ability to categorize subjects for PCa risk stratification was evaluated based on accuracy and recall metrics. Results: The study population comprised 120 participants. When comparing eNose predictions with PG an accuracy of 79.2% (95%CI 70.8 - 86%) was found, while an accuracy of 74.2% (95%CI 65.4 - 81.7%) was found when compared to D'Amico risk classification system. Additionally, if compared low- versus -intermediate-/high-risk PCa, the eNose achieved an accuracy of 87.5% (95%CI 80.2-92.8%) based on PG or 90.8% (95%CI 84.2-95.3%) based on D'Amico risk classification. However, when using low-/-intermediate versus -high-risk PCa for PG, the accuracy was found to be 91.7% (95%CI 85.2-95.9%). Finally, an accuracy of 80.8% (95%CI72.6-87.4%) was found when compared with D'Amico risk classification. Discussion: The findings of this study indicate that eNose may represent a valid alternative not only for early and non-invasive diagnosis of PCa, but also to categorize patients based on tumor aggressiveness. Further studies including a wider sample population will be necessary to confirm the potential clinical impact of this new technology.
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INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can lead to numerous deficits in body functions, including balance and mobility impairment. This study examined the effect of lower back and lower extremity kinesiology tape (KT) application on static balance and physical functioning performance in people with MS (pwMS) and compared that to a non-elastic tape. METHODS: This pilot randomized study recruited and enrolled 10 participants with MS that were allocated into two groups: kinesio (n = 6) and non-elastic (n = 4) tape. Participants were assessed with and without the respective tape on static balance with eyes open and closed and various physical function tests. RESULTS: Effect sizes for the Kinesio tape intervention were found to be small, while effect sizes for the sham tape/place condition varied from small to high. For both groups, the tendency was to reduce or maintain performance on the tests comparing tape and no tape. A subsequent, mixed-factor ANOVA revealed no significant difference between KT or sham tape/placebo. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that KT applied on lower back and lower extremity muscles does not seem to improve static balance and physical function performance in pwMS.
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Fita Atlética , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Dorso , Extremidade InferiorRESUMO
Associative learning involves complex interactions of multiple cognitive factors. While adult subjects can articulate these factors verbally, for model animals such as macaques, we rely on behavioral outputs. In our study, we used pupillary responses as an alternative measure to capture these underlying cognitive changes. We recorded the dynamic changes in the pupils of three male macaques when they learned the associations between visual stimuli and reward sizes under the classical Pavlovian experimental paradigm. We found that during the long-term learning process, the gradual changes in the pupillary response reflect the changes in the cognitive state of the animals. The pupillary response can be explained by a linear combination of components corresponding to multiple cognitive factors. These components reflect the impact of visual stimuli on the pupils, the prediction of reward values associated with the visual stimuli, and the macaques' understanding of the current experimental reward rules. The changing patterns of these factors during interday and intraday learning clearly demonstrate the enhancement of current reward-stimulus association and the weakening of previous reward-stimulus association. Our study shows that the dynamic response of pupils can serve as an objective indicator to characterize the psychological changes of animals, understand their learning process, and provide important tools for exploring animal behavior during the learning process.
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Aprendizagem por Associação , Cognição , Condicionamento Clássico , Pupila , Recompensa , Animais , Masculino , Aprendizagem por Associação/fisiologia , Pupila/fisiologia , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Macaca mulatta , Reflexo Pupilar/fisiologiaRESUMO
In the recent past Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based thin films have demonstrated superior performance in various technological applications such as optical and optoelectronic devices, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. Herein we report tuning the optical performance of stable complexes using Cu and Fe metal ions with carboxylate benzene dicarboxylic (BDC), leading toward the formation of novel MOF structures. The formation of Cu-BDC and Fe-BDC were confirmed by XRD and SEM studies. The thermal stability of two MOFs was investigated, indicating that, the Cu-BDC is more stable than Fe-BDC. Further, the optical properties were investigated in the wavelength range 325-1100 nm, and the Fe-BDC exhibited greater optical transmission properties than Cu-BDC by 33 %, as investigated by Wemple-DiDomenico and Tauc models. The dispersion parameters related to optical studies for Cu-BDC were better in comparison to Fe-BDC, which could be attributed to the increase in Cu valence electrons due to an increase in the number of cations. The electrochemical behavior in terms of CV measurements shows the presence of pseudo capacitance in both Fe-BDC and Cu-BDC MOFs. The improved CV performance of Cu-BDC MOF suggests that it could be used as a storage material. This work successfully demonstrates the tailoring of optical properties related to MOF thin films through the formation of stable complexes using BDC as a potential material for the fabrication of OLED's and Solar cells. The improved CV performance suggests that these MOF based materials could be used as anodes in fabrication of batteries or supercapacitors.
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BACKGROUND: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN) is a serious disorder. The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays an important role in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, tissue repair and cell regulation. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic and clinical value of PTX3 in PPHN. METHODS: The present case-control 60 full-term neonates diagnosed with PPHN by echocardiography within 72 hours of birth. In addition, there were 30 age and sex-matched healthy neonates who served as controls. All participants were subjected to careful history taking and complete clinical examination, Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), blood culture and PTX3 level. Radiological investigations included plain X- ray and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). RESULTS: Comparison between patients and controls revealed that patients had significantly higher CRP (6.12±2.18 versus 3.69±1.25âmg/dl, p < 0.001) and PTX3 levels (2.07±0.67 versus 0.96±0.21, p < 0.001) when compared with controls. Patients with associated PDA had significantly higher PTX3 levels when compared with patients without (2.58±0.5 versus 2.02±0.51âng/ml, pâ=â0.002). Also, patients with associated PFO had significantly higher PTX3 levels when compared with patients without (2.12±1.05 versus 2.05±0.46, pâ=â0.002). ROC curve analysis identified good performance of CRP and PTX3 levels in diagnosis of PPHN with PTX3 showing better performance. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between serum PTX3 levels and PPHN particularly those with associated PDA or PFO.
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Proteína C-Reativa , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Curva ROC , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismo , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Artemisia vulgaris L. belongs to Asteraceae, is a herbal plant that has various benefits in the medical field, so that its use in the medical field can be explored optimally, the plant must be thoroughly identified. This study aims to identify A. vulgaris both in terms of descriptive morpho-anatomy and DNA barcoding using BLAST and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The morpho-anatomical character was observed on root, stem, and leaf. DNA barcoding analysis was carried out through amplification and alignment of the rbcL and matK genes. All studies were conducted on three samples from Taman Husada (Medicinal Plant Garden) Graha Famili Surabaya, Indonesia. The anatomical slide was prepared by the paraffin method. Morphological studies revealed that the leaves of A. vulgaris both on the lower-middle part and on the upper part of the stem have differences, especially in the character of the stipules, petioles, and incisions they have. Meanwhile, from the study of anatomy, A. vulgaris has an anomocytic type of stomata and its distribution is mostly on the ventral part of the leaves. Through the BLAST process and phylogenetic tree reconstruction, the plant sequences being studied are closely related to several species of the genus Artemisia as indicated by a percentage identity above 98% and branch proximity between taxa in the reconstructed phylogenetic tree.
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Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Plantas Medicinais , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , DNA de Plantas/genética , Filogenia , Plantas Medicinais/genética , Folhas de Planta/genéticaRESUMO
A set of empirical rovibrational energy levels, obtained through the MARVEL (measured active rotational-vibrational energy levels) procedure, is presented for the 13 C 16 O 2 isotopologue of carbon dioxide. This procedure begins with the collection and analysis of experimental rovibrational transitions from the literature, allowing for a comprehensive review of the literature on the high-resolution spectroscopy of 13 C 16 O 2 , which is also presented. A total of 60 sources out of more than 750 checked provided 14,101 uniquely measured and assigned rovibrational transitions in the wavenumber range of 579-13,735 cm - 1 . This is followed by a weighted least-squares refinement yielding the energy levels of the states involved in the measured transitions. Altogether 6318 empirical rovibrational energies have been determined for 13 C 16 O 2 . Finally, estimates have been given for the uncertainties of the empirical energies, based on the experimental uncertainties of the transitions. The detailed analysis of the lines and the spectroscopic network built from them, as well as the uncertainty estimates, all serve to pinpoint possible errors in the experimental data, such as typos, misassignment of quantum numbers, and misidentifications. Errors found in the literature data were corrected before including them in the final MARVEL dataset and analysis.