RESUMO
RESUMEN La Endotelina-1 (ET1) y Proteína C Reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus) como marcadores de disfunción endotelial (DE) e inflamación vascular en hipotiroidismo subclínico (HS) han mostrado resultados controvertidos. El rol del estrés oxidativo y defensa antioxidante (TRAP) es motivo de discusión. Objetivos Establecer si el HS y la autoinmunidad tiroidea (AIT), excluyendo otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, pueden causar DE e inflamación vascular, evaluadas a través de ET1 y PCRus, respectivamente. Establecer si TRAP juega algún rol. Evaluar cambios en ET1 y PCRus luego del tratamiento con levotiroxina (LT4). Material y métodos Se evaluaron prospectivamente 70 pacientes divididos en 3 grupos: HS: 41 pacientes (T4 normal,TSH >4,2 y <10 mUI/L), AIT: 10 pacientes eutiroideos (TSH <4,2 mUI/L) con aTPO y/o aTg (+) y Control: 19 pacientes eutiroideos sin AIT. Se excluyeron otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se midió basalmente ET1, PCRus y TRAP plasmáticos, y en HS bajo LT4 (n = 24): ET1 y PCRus. Resultados No hubo diferencias significativas en edad, IMC, perfil lipídico y TRAP. ET1 y PCRus fueron significativamente mayores en pacientes con HS (media ± DS 1,77 ± 0,85 pg/ml y 1,5 ± 0,6 mg/l vs. controles (0,8 ± 0,3 pg/ml y 0,5 ± 0,2 mg/l) p <0,0001 y <0,008 respectivamente. Del mismo modo en AIT (1,4 ± 0.4 pg/ml y 2,3 ± 1,3 mg/l) vs controles p <0,0001 y <0,034, respectivamente. La TSH fue mayor en el grupo AIT vs. Control 2,57 ± 0,88 vs. 1,64 ± 0,5 mUI/L; p = 0,002. En HS bajo LT4 (8,7 ± 3,8 meses) se observó descenso de ET1 (p <0,001). ET1 correlacionó con TSH (r = 0,5 p <0,0001). El punto de corte de ET1 mediante curva ROC fue 1,32 pg/ml (Sensibilidad 81,6%-Especificidad 75%). Conclusiones ET1 y PCRus resultaron marcadores útiles para evaluar DE e inflamación vascular asociadas a HS. La defensa antioxidante no ejercería un rol en estos mecanismos. El tratamiento con LT4 produjo una significativa caída de ET1, pudiendo necesitarse un período más largo de eutiroidismo para normalizarla. En AIT, niveles de TSH >2,5 mUI/L podrían sugerir un mínimo grado de hipotiroidismo justificando la elevación en ET1 y PCR, sin descartar el rol de la AIT "per se".
ABSTRACT The measurement of endothelin-1 (ET1) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and vascular inflammation in subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) has shown controversial results. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense (TRAP) is a matter of discussion. Objectives To establish if SH and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), excluding other cardiovascular risk factors, may cause ED and vascular inflammation, evaluated through the measurement of ET1 and hsCRP respectively. To determine if TRAP could have some role. Additionally, changes in these parameters after treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) will be evaluated. Material and methods: 70 patients were prospectively evaluated. They were classified into: SH Group: 41 patients (normal T4, TSH> 4.2 and <10 mIU/L), TAI Group: 10 euthyroid patients (TSH <4.2 mUI/L) with positive aTPO and/or aTg and Control Group: 19 euthyroid patients without TAI. Other cardiovascular risk factors were excluded in patients and controls. Plasma ET1, hsCRP and TRAP were measured basally, and ET1 and hsCRP under LT4 therapy in the HS Group. Results There were no significant differences between the 3 groups in age, BMI, lipids and TRAP. ET1 and hsCRP were significantly higher in patients with SH (mean ± SD 1.77 ± 0.85 pg/ml and 1.5 ± 0.6 mg/l) vs. controls (0.8 ± 0.3 pg/ml y 0.5 ± 0.2 mg/l) p <0.0001 y <0.008 respectively. Similarly, in TAI patients (1.4 ± 0.4 pg/ml y 2.3 ± 1.3 mg/l) vs controls, p <0.0001 and <0.034, respectively. TSH was higher in the TAI patients versus control group (2.5 ± 0.88 versus 1.64 ± 0.5 mIU/L, p = 0.002). Twenty-four patients with SH showed a significant decrease in ET1 (p <0.001) under treatment with LT4 (8.7 ± 3.8 months). ET1 had a highly significant correlation (p <0.0001) with TSH (r = 0.5). The cut-off level of ET1 established by ROC curve was 1.32 pg/ml (Sensitivity 81.6%-Specificity 75%). Conclusions ET1 and hsCRP were useful markers to evaluate ED and vascular inflammation associated with SH. There were no differences in TRAP levels between patients and controls, so it does not appear that oxidative stress would have played any role. Treatment with LT4 produced a significant drop in ET1. Probably, a longer period of euthyroidism might be necessary to normalize ET1 levels. In TAI Group, TSH levels >2.5 mUI/L could suggest a "minimal degree" of hypothyroidism justifying the elevation in ET1 and hs CRP. The role of the TAI "per se" couldn't be completely ruled out.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Proteína C-Reativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotelina-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Autoimunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endotelina-1/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMO
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. We retrospectively reviewed data from four patients (3 males and 1 female), mean age 33.5 years old (range: 21-40), with histopathological diagnosis of LCH. All of them presented with symptoms suggestive of endocrine involvement. The main complaint was goiter in two patients and polyuria and polydipsia in three. Before the LCH diagnosis, two patients had unevaluated symptoms of diabetes insipidus (DI) and hypogonadism. The mean time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was 6.25 years (range: 2-13). Histopathological diagnosis was established by total thyroidectomy (TT) biopsy in two patients, skin lesion biopsy in one, and pituitary stalk biopsy in the other. In the two-first patients, surgery was indicated after the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showed a false positive result of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and immunohistochemistry was used for diagnosis confirmation. Three cases were treated with chemotherapy; one of them had already received radiation therapy on the hypothalamic-pituitary region, developing post-radiation hypopituitarism.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/etiologia , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/complicações , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Adulto , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/patologia , Feminino , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/patologia , Humanos , Doenças Hipotalâmicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Hipotalâmicas/etiologia , Doenças Hipotalâmicas/patologia , Masculino , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Hipertireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Propranolol/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Hormônios Tireóideos/metabolismoRESUMO
Se evaluaron 8 hipertiroidismos y 4 hipotiroidismos inducidos por amiodarona desde el punto de vista clínico y bioquímico a través de dosajes hormonales de tiroxina (T4), triiodotironina (T3), tiroxina libre (T4L) y tirotrofina (TSH), medición de anticuerpos antitiroideos y prueba de TRH en los hipertiroideos luego de la remisión del cuadro. El hipertiroidismo se presentó en una relación mujer: varón 1:1, en mujeres con tiroideopatía previa y en varones sin ella; bajo la ingesta del fármaco o luego de su supensión, con clínica leve o florida. Aunque la elevación de T4 resultó más constante, la de T3 adquiró mayor jerarquía por cuanto la primera situación podría deberse a un mero bloqueo de T4 a T3. En los cuadros leves sólo se suspendió la amiodarona, en los francos se agregó, además, ß bloqueantes y antitiroides, observándose tendencia a requerimientos mayores en tiempo y dosis para alcanzar el eutiroidismo. La prueba de TRH permitió inferir integridad previa del eje en 6 casos. El hipotiroidismo se presentó en mujeres, 3 de ellas con tiroideopatía previa y clínica franca. En los casos factibles se suspendió la amiodarona, agregándose hormona tiroidea cuando el cuadro clínico resultó relevante