The effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

AIM: The aims of this study is to address the improvement in CRP and adiponectin in obese PCOS and non PCOS after bariatric surgery, and to show that obese PCOS women have a slower rate of improvement when compared to obese non PCOS women. METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study evaluating the effect of weight loss by sleeve gastrectomy among obese PCOS patients. RESULTS: There was a 36.28% of weight loss among obese PCOS and 33.04% among the control group at 12 months. Both groups showed a significant increase in the adiponectin levels at 3, 6 and 12 months' post-surgery. The rate of increase was higher in the obese non PCOS women (4.93 ±â€¯1.79-9.79 ±â€¯3.9) compared to obese PCOS women (5.05 ±â€¯1.98-7.25 ±â€¯0.21). The CRP levels decreased with weight loss after the surgery to reach statistical significance at 3 months in obese PCOS group (4.18 ±â€¯3.94, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The degree of weight loss after surgery was effective in lowering CRP and increasing adiponectin levels in PCOS women. However, this improvement was slower compared to obese non PCOS patients. A genetic predisposition to insulin resistance might explain these findings.

Influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infections in 2 sentinel sites in Lebanon-September 2015 to August 2016.

BACKGROUND: Given the sparse information on the burden of influenza in Lebanon, the Ministry of Public Health established a sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to identify the attribution of influenza to reported cases. We aim to highlight the proportion of influenza-associated SARI from September 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2016 in 2 Lebanese hospitals. METHODS: The study was conducted in 2 sentinel sites located in Beirut suburbs and southern province of Lebanon. WHO's 2011 standardized SARI case definition was used. Data from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016 were reviewed, and all-cause hospital admission numbers were obtained. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested by RT-PCR. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 13. RESULTS: The 2 sentinel sites reported 746 SARI cases during the studied time frame: 467 from the southern province site and 279 from the Beirut suburbs site. SARI reports peaked between January and March 2016. All, except 4, cases were sampled, and a co-dominance of influenza B (43%) and influenza A (H1N1) (41%) was evident. A high proportion of cases was reported in children <2 years 274 (37%). The proportional contribution of influenza-associated SARI to all-cause hospital admissions was high in children <2 years in the south (4.5% [95% CI: 3.1-6.5]) and in children <5 years in Beirut (0.7% [95% CI: 0.6-0.8]). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to highlight the proportion of influenza-associated SARI in 2 hospitals in Lebanon. The findings will be beneficial for supporting respiratory prevention and immunization program policies.

Management of weight loss in obesity-associated male infertility: a spotlight on bariatric surgery.

In recent years, there has been a paralleled increase between male obesity and infertility rates. Obesity is associated with impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, aberrant semen parameters, and subfertility or infertility. Weight loss is strongly recommended for the management of obesity-associated infertility. Lifestyle modifications that include caloric restriction and increased physical activity have a short-lived impact. Bariatric surgery is a better and more durable weight loss alternative. Comprehensive information about the benefits of weight loss on obesity-associated male infertility following bariatric surgery is still emerging. In this review, we discuss the hormonal, physical and environmental mechanism contributing to obesity-associated infertility. We then assess weight loss approaches, which include lifestyle modification, medical and surgical approaches, that can improve fertility in obese men. This review focuses also on bariatric surgery for the management of obese men seeking fertility treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggesting that bariatric surgery can impair fertility is also discussed.

Bariatric surgery and its effects on the skin and skin diseases.

In light of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the popularity of bariatric surgery is on the rise. As with any other invasive procedure, these surgeries, especially with the obesity risk factor, carry the risk of direct cutaneous complications following the penetration and manipulation of tissues. In addition, bariatric surgery has an effect on skin structure and function. It also appears to be affiliated with several dermatoses. Some of these represent preexisting diseases the course of which is altered by the procedure, such as psoriasis. On the other hand, other skin disorders are triggered by the surgery itself. This article reviews and summarizes these cutaneous effects and complications.

Postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic splenectomy compared with open splenectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 30-day postoperative outcomes in laparoscopic (LS) versus open splenectomy (OS). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: LS has generally been associated with lower rates of postoperative complications than OS. However, evidence mainly comes from small studies that failed to adjust for the confounding effects of the underlying indication or clinical condition that may have favored the use of one technique over the other. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing splenectomy in 2008 and 2009 using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (n = 1781). Retrieved data included 30-day mortality and morbidity (cardiac, respiratory, central nervous system, renal, wound, sepsis, venous thromboembolism, and major bleeding outcomes), demographics, indication, and preoperative risk factors. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the adjusted effect of the splenectomy technique on outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 874 (49.1%) cases had LS and 907 (50.9%) had OS. After adjusting for all potential confounders including the indication and preoperative risk factors, LS was associated with decreased 30-day mortality [OR (odds ratio): 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18-0.84] and postoperative respiratory occurrences (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.76), wound occurrences (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.11-0.79), and sepsis (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.26-0.89) when compared with OS. Patients who underwent LS also had a significantly shorter total length of hospital stay and were less likely to receive intraoperative transfusions compared with patients who underwent OS. CONCLUSIONS: LS is associated with more favorable postoperative outcomes than OS, irrespective of the indication for splenectomy or the patient's clinical status.