The relationship between vitamin D and adolescents' parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density.

Introduction: To detect the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and adolescents' parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone mineral density (BMD). Material and methods: Two hundred adolescent girls were recruited for this cross-sectional comparative study. After detailed evaluation, a pelvic sonography was performed for the studied adolescents to rule out any pelvic pathology. Adolescents' blood samples were collected to measure the thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), PTH, and 25(OH)D. The studied adolescents' BMD and the T-score were evaluated at 2 anatomical sites. The studied adolescents were classified according to their serum 25(OH)D into 2 groups: a 25(OH)D-deficient group (study group; 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) and normal controls (25(OH)D > 30 ng/ml). Student's t-test was used for analysis of the studied adolescents' variables, and correlation analysis (Pearson`s correlation) was used to detect the relationship between 25(OH)D and adolescents' PTH and BMD. Results: The parathyroid hormone was statistically higher in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (41.3 ±3.4 pg/ml vs. 21.1 ±2.8) (p = 0.02), and the BMD was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (-1.25 ±0.5 vs. 0.3 ±0.4) (p = 0.01). The 25(OH)D had a significant negative correlation with the adolescents' PTH (r = -0.9175; p < 0.00001) and a significant positive correlation with the adolescents' BMD (r = 0.756; p < 0.00001). The parathyroid hormone had a significant negative correlation with the adolescents' BMD (r = -0.7006; p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The parathyroid hormone in this study had significant negative correlations with both 25(OH)D and BMD. The 25(OH)D had a significant positive correlation with the studied adolescents' BMD.

Relationship between vitamin D and adolescents' hypothyroidism - a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: To detect the relationship between 25(OH)D and hypothyroidism in adolescents. Material and methods: A total of 180 adolescents were included in the current study, which was conducted in West Kazakhstan (Aktobe) over 2 years. After thorough evaluation, blood samples were collected from the studied participants to measure the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), prolactin, glycosylated haemoglobin, and 25(OH)D. Participants were classified into a 25(OH)D-deficient group (study group) and controls. MedCalc and correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation) were used to detect the odds of hypothyroidism and the relationship between 25(OH)D and adolescents' hypothyroidism, respectively. Results: Thyroid-stimulating hormone was statistically higher in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (3.71 ±1.4 mIU/ml vs. 2.67 ±0.99) (p = 0.0006), and the free T4 was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in normal controls (1.4 ±0.56 ng/ml vs. 1.5 ±0.4) (p = 0.0008). The 25(OH)D deficient group had higher odds of subclinical (OR 4.89; p = 0.016), and clinical hypothyroidism (OR 4.3; p = 0.013) compared to controls. A significant negative correlation between the 25(OH)D and TSH (r = -0.793; p < 0.00001), and a significant positive correlation between the 25(OH)D and free T4 (r 0.55; p < 0.00001) were detected in this study. Conclusions: The thyroid-stimulating hormone was statistically higher and the free T4 was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in normal controls. The 25(OH)D-deficient group had higher odds of both subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism compared to controls. A significant negative correlation between the 25(OH)D and TSH, and a significant positive correlation between the 25(OH)D and the free T4 were detected in this study.

Relation between vitamin D and adolescents' serum prolactin.

Introduction: To detect whether there is a relation between vitamin D (Vit. D) and adolescents' serum prolactin (PRL) or not. Material and methods: Hundred and seventy-six adolescent girls were recruited for the current study, which was conducted in West Kazakhstan (Aktobe) over two years. After thorough evaluation, blood samples were taken from adolescents to measure thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), PRL, glycosylated hemoglobin and 25(OH)D. The studied adolescents were classified into study group [25(OH)D deficient] and controls [normal 25(OH)D]. The acquired adolescents' variables were analyzed using the Student t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: The serum TSH and PRL were statistically higher in the study group than normal controls (3.73 ±1.45 mIU/ml and 47.5 ±7.6 ng/ml vs. 2.67 ±1.0 and 10.8 ±5.1, respectively), (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The free T4 was statistically lower in the study group than normal controls (1.4 ±0.6 ng/ml vs. 1.5 ±0.4), (p = 0.0001). Strong negative associations between the serum PRL and 25(OH)D [r = -0.803 (p < 0.00001)], and between the serum PRL and free T4 [r = -0.6959 (p < 0.00001)] were detected in this study. Additionally, there was a strong positive association between the serum PRL and TSH [r = 0.8137 (p < 0.00001)]. Conclusions: A strong negative association between the serum PRL and 25(OH)D and a strong positive association between the serum PRL and TSH were detected in this study. This study recommends further studies to confirm the relation between Vit. D and PRL and screening Vit. D deficient adolescents for PRL and thyroid disorders.

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Assessing the Health of People Living in Environmentally Adverse Conditions.

BACKGROUND: The health status of the population of different ages was examined. Since children are very vulnerable to environmental factors, our goal was to examine their health status and compare them with those of the older population. Also one of the important tasks of our study was the installation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults of different sexes. METHODS: During our research, we calculated the air pollution index, investigated the incidence statistics of the population, and calculated the lifetime average daily dose (LADD). We investigated the content of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, ammonium and hydrogen carbonates and compared it with safe level of exposure. RESULTS: In Aktobe, the Republic of Kazakhstan the external environment is polluted with boron and chromium, and in Aktau - with organic hydrocarbons. High morbidity rates in adolescents were found for endocrine disorders, digestive system diseases, and musculoskeletal system disorders. Estimating the prevalence and incidence of newly diagnosed diseases among women in Aktau showed that the overall incidence rate, as well as the incidence of respiratory and skin diseases, declines with age. The incidence of the genitourinary system and the number of nervous disorders increase, and the number of neoplasms increases in men population. A study of carcinogenic risks showed that children with Aktau, especially boys, have the greatest risk of cancer. CONCLUSION: The conducted research shows that environmental factors have a big impact on the health of the population.

Morbidity, Disability and Death Rates of The Population Due to Malignant Neoplasms in Uralsk City in The Republic of Kazakhstan

Objective: The dynamics of morbidity, disability and death rates due to malignant neoplasms in the population in Uralsk city of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied for 2011-2015, with a focus on age and sex, as well as tumor location. Methods: Statistics for total morbidity, primary disability and mortality from cancer in the adult population of the city of Uralsk for 2011-2015 were calculated per 100 thousand. Estimation of morbidity was based on data from form - №12 «Report on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of health care organizations and patient population under medical observation". Evaluation of primary disability was based on form №7 «The distribution of newly recognized disabled by disease class, age, sex and disability groups" for 2011-2015 in Ural city and analysis of cancer was carried out using annual form 7 "Report on the sick, and diseases of malignant neoplasms". Result: The most common localizations of cancer were the trachea, bronchi, lungs, stomach and mammary glands. High death rates were noted for patients with cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lung, as compared to stomach and esophagus. Conclusion: The results of our investigation and data in the literature indicate that regional characteristics influence the impact of risk factors associated with cancer. An unfavorable environmental background contributes to ill health of urban populations, contributing to development of cancer. Moreover behavioral risk factors are very important, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and an unhealthy diet. All these factors require urgent adoption of a package of measures for prevention, early detection and timely treatment. Detailed study of cancer is necessary to develop national programs and activities for prevention and control.