Melamine-isatin tris Schiff base as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 molar hydrochloric acid solution: weight loss, electrochemical and surface studies.

In the current study, 3,3',3''-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(azaneylylidene))tris(indolin-2-one) (MISB), which is the condensation product of melamine (triazine) and isatin, was investigated as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M HCl. The ability of the synthesized tris-Schiff base to suppress corrosion was evaluated utilizing weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques and theoretical computation. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 92.07%, 91.51% and 91.60% was achieved using 34.20 × 10-3 mM of MISB in weight loss measurements, polarization, and EIS tests, respectively. It was revealed that an increase in temperature decreased the inhibition performance of MISB, whereas an increase in the concentration of MISB increased it. The analysis demonstrated that the synthesized tris-Schiff base inhibitor followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and was an effective mixed-type inhibitor, but it exhibited dominant cathodic behavior. According to the electrochemical impedance measurements, the Rct values increased with an increase in the inhibitor concentration. The weight loss and electrochemical assessments were also supported by quantum calculations and surface characterization analysis, and the SEM images showed a smooth surface morphology.

Highly responsive and sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of ß-NADH in food, environmental and biological samples using AuNP on polydopamine/titanium carbide composite.

In this study, a polydopamine/titanium carbide adorned with gold nanoparticles (Au@PDA/TiC) composite was prepared by a simple stirring technique and it was used for the dual-technique detection of ß-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The Au@PDA/TiC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) oxidized NADH at a very low oxidation potential of approximately 0.60 V vs Ag/AgCl in pH = 7.0 (0.1 M PBS) via the transfer of two electrons and one proton (from NADH to NAD+). Based on the (i-t) amperometry mode, NADH can be quantified with a linear range of 0.018-674 µM and LOD of 0.0062 µM. In addition to the DPV mode, the electrochemical sensor had a linearity of 5-450 µM with a LOD of 3.17 µM. The developed sensor exhibited remarkable analytical performances concerning high sensitivity, electrocatalytic activity, low detection limit, wide linearity, appreciable specificity, repeatability, stability, reproducibility, and adequate recovery results in food, environmental and biological samples.

Structural, electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of Tl2 NbX6 (X = Cl, Br) variant perovskites calculated via density functional theory.

This article presents detailed structural, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of two experimentally existing isostructural variant perovskite compounds Tl2 NbX6 (X = Cl, Br) with the help of first principles calculations. As per requirement of stability in the device applications, the structural and thermodynamic stabilities were, respectively verified by tolerance factor and negative formation energies. The structural parameters in ferromagnetic phase were calculated and found in close agreement with the available experimental results. The electronic nature was found as half metallic from spin polarized calculations of electronic band structures and density of states, where the semiconductor nature was found in the spin down states and metallic nature in the spin up states. The magnetic moments of both the compounds were calculated as 1 µB majorly contributed by Nb atom. The Boltzmann transport theory was implemented via BoltzTraP for calculating the spin resolved thermoelectric parameters, such as Seebeck coefficient, electronic and thermal conductivities, and figure of merit. Overall, both the compounds were found suitable for use in spintronics and spin Seebeck effect for energy applications.

Flowers Like α-MoO3/CNTs/PANI Nanocomposites as Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium Storage.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been explored to meet the current energy demands; however, the development of satisfactory anode materials is a bottleneck for the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 1117 mAhg-1 along with low toxicity and cost; however, it suffers from low conductivity and volume expansion, which limits its implementation as the anode. These problems can be overcome by adopting several strategies such as carbon nanomaterial incorporation and polyaniline (PANI) coating. Co-precipitation method was used to synthesize α-MoO3, and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were introduced into the active material. Moreover, these materials were uniformly coated with PANI using in situ chemical polymerization. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis revealed the presence of orthorhombic crystal phase in all the synthesized samples. MWCNTs enhanced the conductivity of the active material, reduced volume changes and increased contact area. MoO3-(CNT)12% exhibited high discharge capacities of 1382 mAhg-1 and 961 mAhg-1 at current densities of 50 mAg-1 and 100 mAg-1, respectively. Moreover, PANI coating enhanced cyclic stability, prevented side reactions and increased electronic/ionic transport. The good capacities due to MWCNTS and the good cyclic stability due to PANI make these materials appropriate for application as the anode in LIBs.

Facile synthesis of efficient construction of tungsten disulfide/iron cobaltite nanocomposite grown on nickel foam as a battery-type energy material for electrochemical supercapacitors with superior performance.

In this research literature, a tungsten disulfide/iron cobaltite (WS2/FeCo2O4) interwoven construction array was prepared by a simplistic hydrothermal approach on Ni foam as an integrative electrode for supercapacitors (SCs). For characterization of the wearing of WS2 nanostructure on FeCo2O4 nanosheets (WS2/FeCo2O4) by the Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The WS2/FeCo2O4 nanosheets supply a larger surface region and sufficient space to allow for volume changes. Moreover, considerable features of wellbeing conductivity from the Ni foam conductor and the synergistic procedures between WS2 and FeCo2O4, the integrated WS2/FeCo2O4 composite achieved prominent SCs storage performances with a higher specific capacity of 1122C g-1 (2492.9F g-1) at 1 A g-1 and notable capacity retention of 98.1% at 3 A g-1 after 5000 long cycles and retained higher rate capacity of 951.9 C g-1 at 15 A g-1. For practical application, an asymmetric supercapacitors type WS2/FeCo2O4//active carbon (WS2/FeCo2O4//AC) device was successfully prepared. The WS2/FeCo2O4//AC device displays a higher specific capacity of 110C g-1 and energy density of 85.68 W h kg-1 at power density at 897.65 W kg-1, as well as the superior initial capacitance of 98.7% with cyclic stabilities after 4000 long cycles. Thus, these results indicated the great potential of the constructed WS2/FeCo2O4//AC in the scenario electrochemical properties due to their outstanding energy storage activities.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni Nanoparticles via the Microemulsion Technique and Its Applications for Energy Storage Devices.

Herein, a unique synthetic approach called microemulsion is used to create nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD techniques were employed for the investigation of morphology and structures of the synthesized material. Electrons from electroactive components are transferred to external circuits by Ni-NPs' superior electrical conductivity and interconnected nanostructures, which also provide a large number of channels for ion diffusion and additional active sites. The experimental findings showed that as a positive electrode for supercapacitors (SC), Ni-NPs had an outstanding ability to store charge, with a dominant capacitive charge storage of 72.4% when measured at 10 mV/s. Furthermore, at 1 A/g, Ni-NP electrodes exhibit a maximum capacitance of 730 F/g. Further, the Ni-NP electrode retains 92.4% of its capacitance even for 5000 cycles, highlighting possible applications for it in the developing field of renewable energy. The current study provides a new method for producing high-rate next-generation electrodes for supercapacitors.

Wet-Chemical Synthesis of TiO2/PVDF Membrane for Energy Applications.

To satisfy the ever-increasing energy demands, it is of the utmost importance to develop electrochemical materials capable of producing and storing energy in a highly efficient manner. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has recently emerged as a promising choice in this field due to its non-toxicity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, in addition to its porosity, large surface area, good mechanical strength, and remarkable transport properties. Here, we present titanium dioxide nanoplates/polyvinylidene fluoride (TiO2/PVDF) membranes prepared by a straightforward hydrothermal strategy and vacuum filtration process. The as-synthesized TiO2/PVDF membrane was applied for energy storage applications. The fabricated TiO2/PVDF membrane served as the negative electrode for supercapacitors (SCs). The electrochemical properties of a TiO2/PVDF membrane were explored in an aqueous 6 M KOH electrolyte that exhibited good energy storage performance. Precisely, the TiO2/PVDF membrane delivered a high specific capacitance of 283.74 F/g at 1 A/g and maintained capacitance retention of 91% after 8000 cycles. Thanks to the synergistic effect of TiO2 and PVDF, the TiO2/PVDF membrane provided superior electrochemical performance as an electrode for a supercapacitor. These superior properties will likely be used in next-generation energy storage technologies.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polyacrylamide hydrogel grafted poly(N-methylaniline) for methyl red removal.

Chitosan/polyacrylamide hydrogel grafted poly(N-methylaniline) (CS/PACM-gr-PNMA) was good synthesized by chemical oxidative radical polymerization using potassium persulphate (KPS). The obtained polymer samples are characterized using IR and Uv-visible spectroscopy. Both surface properties and thermal stability were studied using XRD, SEM, BET and TGA techniques respectively. The characterized polymeric samples were used as a new sorbent for methyl red (MR). MR as an example of azo-dyes presence as pollutants in industrial wastewater which cause physiological damages was chosen to uptake. The influence of contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature on the efficiency of CS/PACM-gr-PNMA towards the removal of MR was investigated. The efficacy was equal to 98% through 120 min at room temperature. The obtained data show that, ∆H = -21.478 kJ mol-1, so adsorption process is physically spontaneous and follow Freundlich isotherm. The sorption process of MR on the surface of CS/PACM-gr-PNMA is proceed via the Lagergren pseudo-second order reaction. This confirms the removal mechanism by both chemical and physical adsorption of MR with both unpaired and π electrons present in polymer structure on NH, NH2, and benzene or quinoid units respectively. In addition, it can explain the chemical adsorption type which occurs through sharing between the used adsorbent materials and the dissolved materials beside the physical adsorption.

Effect of Cu, Ni and Pb doping on the photo-electrochemical activity of ZnO thin films.

In the present study, the effects of metallic doping on the photoelectron\chemical properties of zinc oxide thin films have been studied. All films have been deposited using the spray pyrolysis technique at a constant doping level of 3 wt% whereby Cu, Ni, and Pb were used as dopants. The structure of all films was studied by X-ray diffraction which showed the grain size of all doped films to be 50 nm. The energy band gap of all films was estimated using optical transmission spectroscopy. The Ni, Cu, and Pb-doped ZnO photoelectrodes were applied for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 generation from H2O. Pb doping leads to the highest photocurrent of the ZnO photoelectrodes. The current density-potential characteristics were measured under white light and monochromatic illumination. The stability of the electrode was quantified as a function of the number of H2 production runs and exposure time. Finally, the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, IPCE, and applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, ABPE, were calculated. The optimum IPCE at 390 nm was ∼30% whereas the ABPE was 0.636 at 0.5 V.

Combined Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Rhizotomy for Treatment of Mixed Dystonia and Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

BACKGROUND: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) can present with severe secondary dystonia with or without associated spasticity of their extremities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of combined anterior and posterior lumbar rhizotomy for the treatment of mixed hypertonia in the lower extremities of children with CP. METHODS: Fifty children with CP were subjected to combined anterior and posterior lumbar rhizotomies in a prospective study. Clinical outcome measurements were recorded preoperatively and were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The operative techniques were performed by laminotomy from L1-S1, and intraoperative monitoring was used in all cases. All patients underwent intensive postoperative physiotherapy programs. RESULTS: Changes in muscle tone, joint range of motion, and dystonia were significant (P = .000) at postoperative assessment visits. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potential of combined anterior and posterior lumbar rhizotomies to improve activities of daily living in children with CP and with mixed spasticity and dystonia. ABBREVIATIONS: BAD, Barry-Albright Dystonia ScaleCAPR, combined anterior and posterior lumbar rhizotomyCP, cerebral palsyITB, intrathecal baclofenMAS, modified Ashworth ScaleROM, range of motionSDR, selective dorsal rhizotomy.