The relationship of social contacts with prisoners' mental health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Prisoners' common mental disorders (CMDs) and their social contacts are a complex and significant concern. We have systematically investigated the relationship between social contacts (i.e. perceived, and objective social support, and loneliness) and prisoners' mental health. STUDY DESIGN: This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). METHODS: A protocol was developed and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023372942). A search strategy was applied across four databases (namely MEDLINE [via OVID SP], APA PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science). The quality assessment entailed the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) Checklist for cohort studies. The data were presented through a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: After screening, 32 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Most were cross-sectional (k = 27), while five had a longitudinal design. The total number of study participants was 10,613. The majority of the studies reported negative correlations between perceived and objective social support and symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs), specifically, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The included studies appeared to indicate a correlation between loneliness and PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of social support was linked to the development or exacerbation of CMDs in prisoners. Initiatives, such as reducing visitation barriers and providing access to technology for remote communication, can assist prisoners in strengthening their support systems and enhancing their opportunities for reintegration into society.

Características en las imágenes por resonancia magnética de las neuroinfecciones en pacientes con sida: Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Medellín (2008-2009) / Magnetic resonance imaging features of neuroinfections in patients with AIDS: Pablo Tobón Hospital, Medellín (2008-2009)

Nuestro propósito es describir las características clínicas e imaginológicas por resonancia magnética (RM) de las enfermedades infecciosas más comunes del sistema nervioso central (SN C) en pacientes con VIH o sida que consultaron al Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe en el período 2008-2009. Se incluyeron cuatro pacientes adultos con VIH/sida de la base de datos del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe diagnosticados con infecciones del SN C por medio de RM y comprobación microbiológica del diagnóstico. Los patrones imaginológicos más comunes por RM de las infecciones del SN C en pacientes con sida en nuestro medio fueron lesiones irregulares multifocales ocupantes de espacio intraaxiales, con señales heterogéneas y variables en T1, T2 y FLAI R, con edema perilesional y realce anular poscontraste.

Our purpose is to describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the central nervous system (CNS ) most common infectious diseases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and / or acquired immudeficiency syndrome (AIDS ) that consulted to the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe in the period 2008-2009. We included four adult patients with HIV and / or AIDS from Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe database, who were diagnosed having central nervous system infections by MRI and diagnostic microbiological tests. The most common MRI patterns of CNS infections in AIDS patients in our institution were irregular multifocal intra-axial space-occupying lesions with heterogeneous and variable signals on T1, T2 and FLAI R, with perilesional edema and rim postcontrast enhancement.