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1.
Plant Mol Biol ; 111(1-2): 205-219, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36367622

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: The article presents an optimization of the key parameters for the identification of SNPs in sugarcane using a GBS protocol based on two Illumina NextSeq and NovaSeq platforms. Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.), a world-wide known feedstock for sugar production, bioethanol, and energy, has an extremely complex genome, being highly polyploid and aneuploid. A double-digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing protocol (ddRADseq) was tested in four commercial sugarcane hybrids and one high-fibre biotype for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this work we tested two Illumina sequencing platforms, read size (70 vs. 150 bp), different sequencing coverage per individual (medium and high coverage), and single-reads versus paired-end reads. We also explored different variant calling strategies (with and without reference genome) and filtering schemes [combining two minor allele frequencies (MAFs) with three depth of coverage thresholds]. For the discovery of a large number of novel SNPs in sugarcane, we recommend longer size and paired-end reads, medium sequencing coverage per individual and Illumina platform NovaSeq6000 for a cost-effective approach, and filter parameters of lower MAF and higher depth coverages thresholds. Although the de novo analysis retrieved more SNPs, the reference-based method allows downstream characterization of variants. For the two best performing matrices, the number of SNPs per chromosome correlated positively with chromosome length, demonstrating the presence of variants throughout the genome. Multivariate comparisons, with both matrices, showed closer relationships among commercial hybrids than with the high-fibre biotype. Functional analysis of the SNPs demonstrated that more than half of them landed within regulatory regions, whereas the other half affected coding, intergenic and intronic regions. Allelic distances values were lower than 0.07 when analysing two replicated genotypes, confirming the protocol robustness.


Assuntos
Saccharum , Saccharum/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Genótipo , Sequência de Bases
2.
PLoS One ; 14(5): e0217435, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31120985

RESUMO

Sudangrass, Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf, is a vigorous forage crop that has also been used for biogas, paper, and electricity production. Due to the large biomass yields achieved by sudangrass and the large area of potential growth in Argentina seven sudangrass accessions from a collection of S. sudanense were analyzed to evaluate their potential as feedstocks for lignocellulosic bioethanol production, and to assess whether there is an association between the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and the composition of the biomass. The biomass composition was analyzed for major cell wall polymers, monosaccharides, and elemental composition. On average, 68% of stem lignocellulosic biomass was comprised of matrix polysaccharides and crystalline cellulose, representing a potential source of sugars for bioethanol production. Xylose was the predominant matrix polysaccharide monosaccharide comprising, on average, 45% of the total sugars, followed by arabinose, glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucuronic acid, and fucose. Rhamnose was not detected in any of the biomasses analyzed. Silica was the most abundant element in sudangrass stem, followed by chloride, calcium, phosphorus and sulfur. We performed saccharification analyses after pretreatments. Alkaline pretreatment was more effective than water pretreatment. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment exposed different levels of recalcitrance among sudangrass accessions, whereas the water pretreatment did not. Phenological traits were also evaluated, showing significant variability among accessions. The comparison of major cell wall polymers and monosaccharide composition between tolerant and susceptible accessions to abiotic and biotic stresses suggests an association between the composition of the biomass and the response to stress.


Assuntos
Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Biomassa , Etanol/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Sorghum/fisiologia , Argentina , Parede Celular/química , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Lignina/análise , Monossacarídeos/análise , Monossacarídeos/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Sorghum/química , Estresse Fisiológico
3.
Environ Manage ; 56(6): 1276-94, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25526849

RESUMO

Rapid growth of biofuel production in the United States and Brazil over the past decade has increased interest in replicating this success in other nations of the Pan American region. However, the continued use of food-based feedstock such as maize is widely seen as unsustainable and is in some cases linked to deforestation and increased greenhouse gas emissions, raising further doubts about long-term sustainability. As a result, many nations are exploring the production and use of cellulosic feedstock, though progress has been extremely slow. In this paper, we will review the North-South axis of biofuel production in the Pan American region and its linkage with the agricultural sectors in five countries. Focus will be given to biofuel policy goals, their results to date, and consideration of sustainability criteria and certification of producers. Policy goals, results, and sustainability will be highlighted for the main biofuel policies that have been enacted at the national level. Geographic focus will be given to the two largest producers-the United States and Brazil; two smaller emerging producers-Argentina and Canada; and one stalled program-Mexico. However, several additional countries in the region are either producing or planning to produce biofuels. We will also review alternative international governance schemes for biofuel sustainability that have been recently developed, and whether the biofuel programs are being managed to achieve improved environmental quality and sustainable development.


Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos/tendências , Política Ambiental , Agricultura/métodos , Agricultura/tendências , Argentina , Brasil , Canadá , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos/legislação & jurisprudência , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos/métodos , Humanos , México , Estados Unidos
4.
Cienc. Trab ; 13(40): 82-85, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-658285

RESUMO

El único período de tiempo en que el ser humano recupera la energía del desgaste corporal de las actividades cotidianas es durante el sueño. Una forma de medir el ciclo sueño-vigilia es usando un dispositivo que se llama actígrafo, el que, por medio de gráficos llamados actogramas, demuestra indirectamente el ciclo sueño-vigilia. Método: Se realizó una medición del ciclo sueño-vigilia a 44 trabajadores de la gran minería del cobre en Chile, por medio del registro de 11 días consecutivos, de los cuales 7 eran en su casa y 3-4 en el trabajo. Se compararon las variables latencia, tiempo y eficiencia de sueño en cada individuo en su período de trabajo y descanso. Luego se comparó todas las variables según grupos etarios (de edad menor o mayor a 40 años). Resultados: No se demostró diferencias significativas en las variables de eficiencia de sueño en todos los trabajadores en las dos condiciones y en los dos grupos etarios. Se observa una menor latencia de sueño en el grupo de menos de 40 años en el período de descanso. Además, el tiempo de sueño en el período de trabajo en los dos grupos es menor, siendo estadísticamente significativo en el grupo menor a 40 años. También se observa que un 30 por ciento de los trabajadores no tiene un período adecuado de descanso previo a su jornada laboral debido al tiempo de traslados en distancias prolongadas. Conclusión: El estudio demostró que los trabajadores duermen menos horas en su jornada de trabajo en comparación al periodo de descanso; además, que no tienen un descanso adecuado durante el tiempo de traslado al inicio de su período de trabajo. Estos factores pueden ser relevantes en la sensación de fatiga en estos tipos de trabajadores en los primeros días de su turno de trabajo.


The sleeping time is the only period of time in which the human being recovers the energy that has been lost due to everyday activities. The sleep-wakefulness cycle can be measured by using an actigraph, a device showing indirectly this cycle by means of graphs called actograms. Method: A measurement of the sleep-wakefulness cycle was carried out in 44 workers from a large-scale copper mining company in Chile. Eleven consecutive days were registered; workers were at their home seven days and at work between three and four days. Variables of latency, sleep time and efficacy were compared in each subject during work and rest times. Later, all the variables for different age groups (under or over 40 years) were compared. Results: In all workers, no significant differences were identified in the variables of sleep efficacy in both conditions and both age groups. It can be observed a lower latency in the group under 40 years during resting time. Moreover, sleep hours during working time in both groups is low, which is statistically significant in the group under 40 years. It is also observed that 30 percent of workers do not have an adequate resting time prior to their working time because they spent considerable time traveling great distances to the workplace. Conclusion: The study showed workers sleep few hours in working time in comparison to resting time; besides, they do not have an appropriate resting time during the trip at the beginning of the work time. These factors can be important in the workers fatigue sensation during the first days of their work shift.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Ritmo Circadiano , Sono , Vigília , Actigrafia , Eficiência , Tempo de Reação
5.
Cienc. Trab ; 13(40): 116-118, abr.-jun. 2011. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-658291

RESUMO

Aproximadamente entre un 20-25 por ciento de la población trabaja en turnos de noche lo que implica que debe dormir en el día. Es conocido que la calidad del sueño en el día en relación a dormir en la noche es menor y está relacionado el menor tiempo de sueño y a variaciones de la arquitectura del mismo. Se realizó un estudio para comparar diversas variables del polisomnograma en dos grupos de trabajadores, unos que dormían en el día y otros en la noche. Se analizaron 119 polisomnogramas de 119 trabajadores comparando las variables: latencia de sueño (o latencia de inicio), latencia de sueño REM (o tiempo de registro), eficiencia total de sueño, etapas de sueño, índice de apneas de sueño, ronquido e índice de microdespertares en cada grupo diurno o nocturno. Del total de variables de sueño, la latencia de inicio y tiempo de registro tuvieron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05), siendo menor en el grupo que durmió en el día; el resto de las variables no tuvo mucha diferencia en los dos grupos (p > 0,05). Al comparar el resultado del grado de apnea de sueño no se demostró diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). Se concluye que el estudio de sueño en turnos diurnos y nocturnos no tiene diferencias significativas en el resultado final del examen, considerándose que el tiempo de registro y la latencia de inicio de sueño durante el dormir diurno es menor, lo que podría explicar la sensación de menor descanso que se siente después de dormir en el día.


Approximately, between 20 and 25 percent of the population works in night shifts, for which this people have to sleep during the day. It is known that sleep quality at day is lower than at night and also there is a relationship with less sleeping time and variations in sleep architecture. This study was conducted in order to compare different variables of a polysomnogram applied to two groups of workers: sleeping at day and sleeping at night. 119 polysomnograms pertaining to 119 workers were analyzed and the following variables were considered in each group: sleep latency (or sleep onset latency), REM sleep latency (or recording time), total sleep efficiency, sleep stages, rate of sleep apneas, snoring and rate of arousals. From all of the sleep variables, the onset latency and recording time obtained a statistically significant difference (p > 0,05). No significant differences were obtained by comparing the result for the apnea level (p < 0,05). In conclusion, the sleep study in night and daytime shifts has no significant differences in the final result of the exam, considering the recording time and sleep onset latency during daytime sleep is lower. This can explain the feeling of tiredness after sleeping during the day.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Polissonografia , Sono , Categorias de Trabalhadores , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde
6.
Genome ; 49(8): 1052-4, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17036081

RESUMO

Wild potato species have a gametophytic self-incompatibility system controlled by a single multiallelic S locus. In the style, the S-RNase gene codes for an allele-specific ribonuclease that is involved in the rejection of pollen that carries the same S haplotype. This gene has 5 conserved regions (C1-C5) and highly variable regions outside of these areas that play a role in S-RNase allele specificity. In this work, PCR-mediated amplification of genomic DNA from 2 Solanum chacoense accessions was performed using primers designed on the basis of the C1 and C4 conserved regions. By sequencing the PCR products, a new S-RNase allele (S16) was identified in 1 plant of the QBCM argentinian accession. Comparison of the partial sequence (from C2 to C3) of S16 RNase with those of 11 S-RNase genes of other Solanaceae species showed the highest and the lowest similarity scores within the same plant species (respectively, 71% with the S11 and S13 RNase and 35% with the S2 RNase). Differences at the nucleotide level between S16 and S11 RNase alleles are discussed.


Assuntos
Genes de Plantas , Ribonucleases/genética , Solanum/enzimologia , Solanum/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , DNA de Plantas/genética , Diploide , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 56(2): 166-171, abr. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-394581

RESUMO

A partir de los años 60 se aprecia un auge de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA), la que se realiza de dos formas, o mediante anestesia local y asociada a un alta precoz o empleando anestesia general o espinal y vinculada a una hospitalización hasta la tarde del día de la intervención ("cirugía del día") o hasta el día siguiente ("cirugía de un día"). Método: El CRS dispone de recursos físicos y humanos especialmente diseñados para el manejo ambulatorio de los pacientes. Una vez completado el estudio clínico, los pacientes ASA I Y ASA II se derivaron al área de Pabellón donde fueron entrevistados por la enfermera y otorgaron el consentimiento informado. La cirugía se efectuó con anestesia local, sin premeditación, sin profilaxis antibiótica y con la asistencia de una enfermera anestesista. Se utilizó el método de infiltración por planos de Lidocaína alcalinizada al 0,6 por ciento. La totalidad de los enfermos se controló a las 24 horas y al séptimo día El grado de satisfacción del usuario se midió en el postoperatorio inmediato y a las 24 horas mediante escala analógica de 10 puntos. Se intervinieron 789 pacientes en un período de 5 años con una edad promedio de 53 (15-87) años. La satisfacción del usuario sobrepasó el 95 por ciento tanto respecto al acto quirúrgico como a la evolución postoperatoria. La intervención se completó con anestesia local en todos un paciente, pudiéndose dar de alta a todos ellos tras un período de observación inferior a dos horas. Conclusiones: La CMA con anestesia local, realizada en una unidad satélite de un hospital y provista de las áreas necesarias para la atención de este tipo de pacientes ha demostrado ser una técnica eficaz para el tratamiento de las hernias y eventraciones de la pared abdominal. Se comprobó una elevada satisfacción del usuario.


Assuntos
Humanos , Anestesia Local/tendências , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/métodos , Chile , Satisfação do Paciente , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 55(1): 38-45, 2003. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-348556

RESUMO

La necesidad de tener una información detallada de las actividades diagnósticas y terapéuticas del Servicio de Cirugía ha sido el motivo por el cual se ha implementado una base de datos (archivo) computacional. El archivo se elaboró mediante programa Epi Info 6,04 que es distribuido sin costo por la OMS. La gestión de esta iniciativa empleó la oficina de Auditoría existente en el Servicio con su personal consistente en un médico auditor y una secretaria. La epicrisis del Servicio se transformó para que su contenido pudiera ser vertido al programa computacional. En este informe damos cuenta de la marcha del Servicio en un año calendario y hacemos un análisis de la marcha de la base de datos del Servicio. En este período hubo 4671 egresos, 3016 correspondientes a pacientes electivos (2007 mujeres y 1009 varones) ingresados desde policlínicos de Cirugía, y 1592 (828 mujeres y 784 varones) correspondientes a traslados desde la Unidad de Emergencia. El 82 por ciento de los pacientes electivos se sometió a una intervención, el 9,4 por ciento a procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos y el 8,6 por ciento se dio de alta sin ser intervenido. El 47 por ciento de los pacientes trasladados desde Urgencia se operó en esa Unidad, el 5 por ciento se intervino en el Servicio de Cirugía y el 48 por ciento fueron de manejo médico. La estadía hospitalaria promedio global fue de 7,04 días, sin embargo, ella se desglosa en 5,9 para los pacientes electivos y en 10,22 para los provenientes de la unidad de Emergencia. La mortalidad de los pacientes electivos fue de 0,4 por ciento y la de los pacientes de Urgencia 1,5 por ciento. Los principales obstáculos para la gestión del archivo computacional del Servicio fueron deficiencias en el llenado de la epicrisis que obligaron a una permanente vigilancia por parte del médico


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Estatísticas Hospitalares , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Centro Cirúrgico Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Biliares/cirurgia , Hérnia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Alta do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Software , Prontuários Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Vasculares
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