Diagnostic approach and monitoring of chronic kidney disease in the primary care pediatric population.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has severe consequences on the quality and expectancy of life and is considered a major health problem worldwide. This is, especially relevant in pediatric patients, as they have unique characteristics and a mortality rate 30 times higher (in advanced stages) than healthy people. This review aims to define the minimum components for the diagnostic approach and monitoring of CKD in the pediatric population from primary health care to promote comprehensive care and adequate risk management. For this purpose, we performed a systematic review of the literature with a panel of experts. Based on the evidence, to optimize the definition, diagnosis, and timely treatment of CKD in the pediatric population, we formulated 21 recommendations. These were approved by the research team and peer-reviewed by clinical experts. They will facilitate the definition of the diagnostic approach for CKD in the pediatric population in primary health-care settings, allowing for timely treatment intervention, comprehensive care, and monitoring of this disease.

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tiene graves consecuencias en la calidad y la esperanza de vida, y se considera un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. Esto es especialmente relevante en pacientes pediátricos, ya que presenta características únicas y una tasa de mortalidad en etapas avanzadas que es 30 veces mayor que en personas sanas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue definir los componentes mínimos para el abordaje diagnóstico y para el seguimiento de la ERC en la población pediátrica desde la atención primaria en salud, con el fin de promover la atención integral y una adecuada gestión del riesgo. Para esto, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con panel de discusión de expertos. Basándonos en la evidencia, y con el objetivo de optimizar la definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de la ERC en la población pediátrica, se formularon 21 recomendaciones. Estas fueron aprobadas por el equipo desarrollador y los pares expertos clínicos evaluadores, y permitirán definir de manera oportuna el abordaje diagnóstico de la ERC en la población pediátrica desde la atención primaria en salud, facilitando la intervención temprana, una atención integral y el seguimiento de esta patología.

Sequential CRISPR screening reveals partial NatB inhibition as a strategy to mitigate alpha-synuclein levels in human neurons.

Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein levels correlate with the risk and severity of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases. Lowering αSyn is being actively investigated as a therapeutic modality. Here, we systematically map the regulatory network that controls endogenous αSyn using sequential CRISPR-knockout and -interference screens in an αSyn gene (SNCA)-tagged cell line and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iNeurons). We uncover αSyn modifiers at multiple regulatory layers, with amino-terminal acetyltransferase B (NatB) enzymes being the most potent endogenous αSyn modifiers in both cell lines. Amino-terminal acetylation protects the cytosolic αSyn from rapid degradation by the proteasome in a Ube2w-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that pharmacological inhibition of methionyl-aminopeptidase 2, a regulator of NatB complex formation, attenuates endogenous αSyn in iNeurons carrying SNCA triplication. Together, our study reveals several gene networks that control endogenous αSyn, identifies mechanisms mediating the degradation of nonacetylated αSyn, and illustrates potential therapeutic pathways for decreasing αSyn levels in synucleinopathies.

Impact of Bempedoic acid on LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular outcomes: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The management of LDL-C levels is pivotal in the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity, particularly among patients at high risk or those intolerant to statins. Bempedoic acid emerges as a novel agent in this therapeutic arena. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis endeavor to quantify the effectiveness of Bempedoic acid in attenuating LDL-C levels and explore its impact on cardiovascular morbidity, emphasizing its role as an adjunctive or alternative therapy in statin-intolerant or high-risk patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search spanning PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases furnished studies for this review. The inclusion was critiqued based on predefined PICOS parameters, ensuring a robust analytical framework. RESULTS: Bempedoic acid showcased a significant plunge in LDL-C levels (MD -20.69 %, 95 % CI [-23.20, -18.19]), outperforming placebo and ezetimibe monotherapy. The cardioprotective effect was further echoed with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the Bempedoic acid cohort (RR 0.86, 95 % CI [0.80, 0.94]). However, a dive into the safety profile revealed no substantial augmentation in adverse events, affirming its tolerance and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Bempedoic acid represents a potent therapeutic ally, affirming its capacity to significantly pare down LDL-C levels and curtail cardiovascular events. Its favorable safety profile underscores its suitability, especially among those with statin intolerance or individuals categorized within the high-risk vascular bracket, necessitating a paradigm shift in current lipid management strategies.

Frequency of Stroke in Intermediate-Risk Patients in the Long-Term Undergoing TAVR vs SAVR: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this research is to compare the long-term incidence of stroke in intermediate-risk patients who have undergone either transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) procedures. The objective is to identify which method exhibits a higher propensity for stroke occurrence, potentially contributing to disability or stroke-related mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the frequency of stroke post-TAVR and SAVR procedures. Data were compiled from a diverse array of research articles, retrieved from the Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases. Conclusions were derived from the comprehensive analysis of forest plots. The analysis indicates no significant reduction in stroke incidence among patients undergoing TAVR compared to those receiving SAVR. This conclusion, underscored by a P-value of 0.76 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.80 to 1.17, arises from a careful review of multiple pertinent studies. The meta-analysis of pooled data does not reveal a significant decrease in stroke frequency associated with TAVR. For intermediate-risk patients, both TAVR and SAVR present similar stroke risks, indicating no procedure is inherently safer. Healthcare providers must take this into account when counseling patients, considering each procedure's benefits and drawbacks. This study focuses specifically on intermediate-risk individuals, so results may not apply universally. Further research across different risk categories is needed. This study emphasizes the need for individualized patient care and informed decision-making in aortic stenosis management.

Reconstrucción palpebral luego de una resección total por cáncer / Palpebral reconstruction after total resection due to cancer

Introducción: La incidencia de los tumores malignos palpebrales varía según las diferentes razas. Su frecuencia aumenta con la edad y su aparición está relacionada con factores genéticos, virales y ambientales. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con una lesión tumoral en el párpado inferior al que se le realizó la reconstrucción palpebral luego de una resección parcial por cáncer con técnica combinada que incluyó Mustardé e injerto de mucosa. Presentación de caso: Paciente masculino de 76 años de edad con antecedentes de salud. Hace un año atrás comenzó a presentar una lesión endurada en el párpado inferior izquierdo hacia el canto interno del ojo, que fue aumentando de volumen, con una ulceración posterior. En el examen físico se observó una lesión ulcerada y sucia de aproximadamente 2 ( 2,5 cm, que comprometía los 2/3 mediales del parpado inferior, incluyendo la vía conducto lagrimal. Tras la intervención quirúrgica la extirpación creó un defecto correspondiente a la ausencia en todos los planos anatómicos en casi la totalidad del párpado inferior izquierdo, por lo que se planeó un colgajo de avance de la mejilla. El estudio histopatológico confirmó un carcinoma epidermoide completamente resecado. Conclusiones: Esta cirugía combinada permitió una exéresis amplia del tumor con el margen oncológico requerido y la sustitución aproximada de las estructuras del párpado. Se lograron una funcionabilidad adecuada y una cubierta del globo ocular óptima en su porción inferior, además de armónico con el contralateral(AU)

Introduction: The incidence of palpebral malignant tumors varies according to different races. Its frequency increases with age and its occurrence is related to genetic, viral and environmental factors. Objective: To present a case with a tumor lesion in the lower eyelid, who underwent palpebral reconstruction after a partial resection due to cancer with a combined technique including Mustardé and mucosal graft and its clinical evolution. Case presentation: 76-year-old male patient with a medical history. One year ago he began to present an indurated lesion on the left lower eyelid towards the inner canthus of the eye that was increasing in volume, with subsequent ulceration. Physical examination revealed an ulcerated and dirty lesion of approximately 2 ( 2.5 cm involving the medial 2/3 of the lower eyelid, including the lacrimal duct. After surgery the excision created a defect corresponding to the absence in all anatomic planes in almost the entire left lower eyelid, so a cheek advancement flap was planned. Histopathologic study confirmed a completely resected epidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: This combined surgery allowed wide excision of the tumor with the required oncologic margin and approximate replacement of the eyelid structures. Adequate functionality and optimal eyeball cover was achieved in its lower portion, as well as harmonic with the contralateral one(AU)

Análisis de costos de la atención hospitalaria en un paciente con fibrilación auricular no valvular y accidente cerebrovascular a repetición / Cost analysis of in hospital attention in a non-valvular atrial fibrillation patient and recurrent stroke

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Paciente de 71 años con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular y ataques cerebrovasculares recurrentes, tratada con varios anticoagulantes. El costo del tratamiento del ictus en Colombia para el año 2008 fue de $450.000 millones de pesos colombianos. OBJETIVO: Estimar el costo hospitalario de la atención de un paciente con ictus a repetición secundario a fibrilación auricular. MÉTODOS: Estudio económico parcial de microcosteo de la atención intrahospitalaria para un caso de espectro severo recurrente, que no necesariamente refleja el caso promedio. El consumo de recursos se valoró mediante el uso de tarifas de referencia nacionales. Los resultados se presentan en precios actuales del 2019 (peso colombiano y dólar americano). RESULTADOS: Paciente con 3 eventos hospitalarios, que estuvo 31 días hospitalizada. Las hospitalizaciones tuvieron unos costos de: $53.883.490 (USD 16.141,1), $6.343.096 (USD 1.900,1) y $15.719.443 (USD 4.708,9) respectivamente, con un precio promedio por cada hospitalización de $25.315.343 (USD 7.583,4), costo total de $75.946.029 (USD 22.750,1) costo día de $2.449.872 (USD 729,5). El rubro que aumentó consistentemente los costos fueron los procedimientos (35,7 %). CONCLUSIONES: El ictus recurrente causado por fibrilación auricular no valvular se asocia con un incremento significativo de los costos directos, con un impacto de casi dos veces el PIB per cápita. Un diagnóstico oportuno y una selección adecuada pueden reducirlo.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: A 71-year-old patient with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and recurrent strokes, treated with various anticoagulants, the stroke treatment in Colombia for 2008 was $ 450 billion Colombian pesos. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the hospital cost of caring for a patient with recurrent stroke secondary to atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Partial economic study of micro costing of in-hospital care for a case of recurrent severe spectrum stroke, which does not necessarily reflect the average case. Resource consumption was valued using national reference rates. The results are presented in current 2019 prices (Colombian pesos and US dollars). RESULTS: Patient with 3 hospital events, who was hospitalized for 31 days. Hospitalizations had costs of $ 53,883,490 (USD 16,141.1), $ 6,343,096 (USD 1,900.1) and $ 15,719,443 (USD 4,708.9) respectively, with an average price for each hospitalization of $ 25,315,343 (USD 7,583.4), total cost of $ 75,946,029 (USD 22,750.1) daily cost of $ 2,449,872 (USD 729.5). The item that consistently increased costs was procedures (35.7 %). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent stroke caused by nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is associated with a significant increase in direct costs, with an impact of almost twice the GDP per capita. A timely diagnosis and proper selection can reduce it.

Characterization of pregnant women who gave birth in 2016 at the Hospital de La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia / Caracterización de gestantes con atención del parto durante 2016 en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity are serious public health problems, so it is essential to work on the identification, recognition and situation analysis of patients treated at high-risk pregnancy centers. Objectives: To characterize the pregnant women treated at the Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS), Bogotá, Colombia, from a demographic, social and clinical point of view in order to identify common factors that may be intervened and, thus, avoid adverse outcomes. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. 785 medical records of patients with a gestational age >24 weeks treated at the HUS in 2016 were analyzed. Sociodemographic data were collected, as well as data on the following variables: history of diseases, antenatal care, biopsychosocial risk, and obstetric outcomes. A univariate analysis was performed for each variable; measures of central tendency and dispersion and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Maternal health indicators were also calculated. Results: 47.51% of the pregnant women had a low educational level, 34.39% were single mothers, 32.10% had a previous comorbidity, and 5.85% had insufficient antenatal care. The proportion of preterm births was 23.6 (95%CI: 20.63%-26.69%), the severe maternal morbidity ratio was 157.96/1 000 live births, and the maternal mortality rate was 246/100 000 live births. Conclusions: Pregnant women treated at the HUS are mainly young women from areas where the health system is not easily accessible, and who have insufficient antenatal care and a low schooling level. This population has a high rate of severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality compared to the national reference value, so they would benefit from educational interventions or risk approaches that prioritize these factors in order to prevent adverse maternal outcomes.

Resumen Introducción. La mortalidad materna y la morbilidad materna extrema son serios problema de salud pública, por lo que es fundamental trabajar en la identificación, reconocimiento y análisis situacional de las pacientes que acuden a los centros de alto riesgo obstétrico. Objetivos. Caracterizar las gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS), Bogotá, Colombia, desde el punto de vista demográfico, social y clínico con el fin de identificar factores en común potencialmente intervenibles y, de esta forma, evitar desenlaces adversos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal. Se analizaron 785 historias clínicas de pacientes con edad gestacional >24 semanas atendidas durante 2016 en el HUS. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y sobre las siguientes variables: antecedentes patológicos, controles prenatales, riesgo biopsicosocial y desenlaces obstétricos. Se realizó análisis univariado de cada variable: para las variables cuantitativas se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, mientras que para las cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. También se calcularon indicadores de salud materna. Resultados. 47.51% de las gestantes tenían un bajo nivel educativo, 34.39% eran madres solteras, 32.10% tenían comorbilidad previa y 5.85% no asistieron a ningún control prenatal. La proporción de parto pre-término fue de 23.6 (IC95%:20.63%-26.69%), la razón de morbilidad materna extrema fue 157.96/1 000 nacidos vivos y la tasa de mortalidad materna, 246/100 000 nacidos vivos. Conclusiones. Las gestantes atendidas en el HUS son predominantemente mujeres jóvenes, provenientes de áreas con difícil acceso al sistema de salud, con insuficiente atención prenatal y con bajo nivel educativo. Esta población presenta una alta razón de morbilidad materna extrema y mortalidad materna comparada con el valor de referencia nacional y se beneficiaría de intervenciones educativas o enfoques de riesgo que prioricen estos factores con el fin de prevenir desenlaces maternos adversos.

Potent inhibitors of toxic alpha-synuclein identified via cellular time-resolved FRET biosensors.

We have developed a high-throughput drug discovery platform, measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with fluorescent alpha-synuclein (αSN) biosensors, to detect spontaneous pre-fibrillar oligomers in living cells. Our two αSN FRET biosensors provide complementary insight into αSN oligomerization and conformation in order to improve the success of drug discovery campaigns for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We measure FRET by fluorescence lifetime, rather than traditional fluorescence intensity, providing a structural readout with greater resolution and precision. This facilitates identification of compounds that cause subtle but significant conformational changes in the ensemble of oligomeric states that are easily missed using intensity-based FRET. We screened a 1280-compound small-molecule library and identified 21 compounds that changed the lifetime by >5 SD. Two of these compounds have nanomolar potency in protecting SH-SY5Y cells from αSN-induced death, providing a nearly tenfold improvement over known inhibitors. We tested the efficacy of several compounds in a primary mouse neuron assay of αSN pathology (phosphorylation of mouse αSN pre-formed fibrils) and show rescue of pathology for two of them. These hits were further characterized with biophysical and biochemical assays to explore potential mechanisms of action. In vitro αSN oligomerization, single-molecule FRET, and protein-observed fluorine NMR experiments demonstrate that these compounds modulate αSN oligomers but not monomers. Subsequent aggregation assays further show that these compounds also deter or block αSN fibril assembly.

Comparación de parámetros hematológicos y morfología celular en muestras de sangre con EDTA K2 y EDTA K3 / Comparison of hematological parameters and cellular morphology in blood samples with EDTA K2 and EDTA K3

El EDTA es el anticoagulante de elección en los laboratorios de hematología para la conservación de la muestra de sangre total. Existen dos tipos, EDTA K2 y EDTA K3, y su diferencia radica en la cantidad de moléculas de potasio. Algunas guías sugieren que hay diferencias entre el anticoagulante EDTA K2 y el K3 para el proceso del hemograma; sin embargo, con las nuevas presentaciones de los tubos que traen las casas comerciales, no se tiene claro si en realidad aún hay diferencia entre los dos anticoagulantes, y si esto puede alterar el resultado del hemograma, tanto en el resultado cuantitativo, como en el cualitativo. Objetivo. Comparar los recuentos leucocitarios, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito, el volumen corpuscular medio, las plaquetas y la morfología celular en muestras de sangre periférica con EDTA K2 y EDTA K3, en diferentes tiempos (0, 1 y 2 horas). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, multivariado, multifactorial, que tiene como unidad de análisis la sangre anticoagulada con EDTA K2 y EDTA K3, extraída de 53 individuos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados. Al comparar los resultados del estudio morfológico por medio del extendido de sangre periférica y los datos cuantitativos del hemograma, se encontró que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas usando EDTA K2 o K3. Conclusión. Se evidenció que el uso del EDTA K2 o EDTA K3 como anticoagulante de elección, procesando las muestras en un tiempo adecuado después de su recolección, no afecta los parámetros cuantitativos del hemograma automatizado ni los morfológicos.

EDTA is the anticoagulant of choice in hematology laboratories for the conservation of whole blood samples. There are two types, K2 EDTA and K3 EDTA, and their difference lies in the amount of potassium molecules. Some guidelines suggest that there are differences between K2 and K3 EDTA for the blood analysis process. However, with the new collection tubes offered by the commercial suppliers, it is not clear if in fact there is a difference between the two anticoagulants that would result in changes in blood parameters and cell morphology. Objective. To compare leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelets and cell morphology in peripheral blood samples collected with K2 EDTA and K3 EDTA, at different times (0, 1 and 2 hours). Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental, multivariate, multifactorial study was carried out, with anticoagulated blood as the unit of analysis, either with K2 EDTA or K3 EDTA, extracted from 53 subjects through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing results of the peripheral blood smear and the quantitative hematological parameters using K2 or K3 EDTA. Conclusion. The use of either K2 EDTA or K3 EDTA as the anticoagulant of choice, when processing samples within a suitable time after their collection, proved equally satisfactory for both quantitative and morphological parameters

Comparison of alfalfa plants overexpressing glutamine synthetase with those overexpressing sucrose phosphate synthase demonstrates a signaling mechanism integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the leaves and nodules.

Alfalfa, like other legumes, establishes a symbiotic relationship with the soil bacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti, which results in the formation of the root nodules. Nodules contain the bacteria enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle, the symbiosome where it fixes atmospheric N2 and converts it into ammonia using the bacterial enzyme, nitrogenase. The ammonia released into the cytoplasm from the symbiosome is assimilated into glutamine (Gln) using carbon skeletons produced by the metabolism of sucrose (Suc), which is imported into the nodules from the leaves. The key enzyme involved in the synthesis of Suc in the leaves is sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) is the enzyme with a role in ammonia assimilation in the root nodules. Alfalfa plants, overexpressing SPS or GS, or both showed increased growth and an increase in nodule function. The endogenous genes for the key enzymes in C/N metabolism showed increased expression in the nodules of both sets of transformants. Furthermore, the endogenous SPS and GS genes were also induced in the leaves and nodules of the transformants, irrespective of the transgene, suggesting that the two classes of plants share a common signaling pathway regulating C/N metabolism in the nodules. This study reaffirms the utility of the nodulated legume plant to study C/N interaction and the cross talk between the source and sink for C and N.

Choosing the right interface for positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is the standard and most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It provides a continuous stream of air under positive pressure through the nose, mouth, or both, which prevents collapse of the upper airway. This allows the patient to breathe freely during sleep. The success of PAP therapy depends largely on the selection of the proper interface (mask). The choice and application of the interface in patients with OSA is a great challenge that greatly affects the long-term compliance to PAP therapy. METHODS: This article discusses the different types of masks that can be used in patients with OSA, including the differences between nasal, oro-nasal, and total face masks, breathing during wakefulness and sleep, and the impact of interface type on upper airway patency and mask fitting. We also discuss the steps to be considered in choosing the proper interface and potential problems that may arise during long-term use. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that the nasal mask is better tolerated, requires lower pressure to eliminate obstructive respiratory events, and is associated with a better sleep quality and better PAP therapy compliance. Nevertheless, the best mask is the one that patient will wear.

Validación del programa de intervención para el consumo abusivo de alcohol: pactos por la vida / Validation of an intervention program against alcohol abuse: pacts for life

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar los alcances de la aplicación del programa de prevención del consumo abusivo y la dependencia alcohólica "Pactos por la Vida" propuesto por Flórez-Alarcón y Vélez (2012), en la modificación de factores asociados al consumo de drogas en un Municipio Pequeño. Los instrumentos usados para la evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa de los alcances del programa fueron: entrevista en profundidad, diarios de campo, mapeo, encuestas y registros de observación directa. Se realizaron análisis cualitativos del material obtenido y comparaciones de medias de las medidas asociadas con el consumo de alcohol; además de incluir un cuadro de análisis de la eficacia del programa. Se concluye que la estrategia es probablemente efectiva, y que en su aplicación a Municipios pequeños requiere de un ajuste.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the scope of the implementation of the "Pacts for Life" program, designed to prevent alcohol abuse and dependence (Flórez-Alarcón & Velez, 2012), in modifying factors associated to drug use in a small municipality. Instruments used for the quantitative and qualitative assessment were: in-depth interview, field notes, mapping, surveys and direct observation records. Qualitative analysis of the material obtained and comparison of means of measurements associated with alcohol consumption were performed; and an analysis of the effectiveness of the program is included. We conclude that the strategy is probably effective, and that its application to small municipalities requires adjustment.

Ansiedad, depreiión, afrontamiento y tca como predictores de cirugías plásticas cosétticas / Anxiey, depressiion, coping and eating disorders as cosmetic plastic surgery predictors

El presente estudio descriptivo correlacional tuvo como objetivo determinar si ansiedad, depresión, riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria (TCA) y estilos de afrontamiento en interacción predicen la aceptación de cirugías estéticas cosméticas en una muestra conformada por 77 mujeres y hombres con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 73 años de edad, residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se empleó el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo, el apartado correspondiente a depresión de la versión española de la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, el Inventario de Estilos de Afrontamiento y la Escala Abreviada y Modificada de Actitudes Alimentarias EAT-26-M. A través del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa estadístico AMOS se identificó el modelo predictivo conformado por variables como síntomas depresivos, riesgo de TCA, cantidad de hijos, estrato socioeconómico e historia familiar de cirugías predicen la aceptación de cirugías estéticas cosméticas en la población. Se discuten los hallazgos y las limitaciones, se sugieren futuras direcciones.

This correlational descriptive research aimed at assessing the predictive relation between psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, eating disorder (ED) risk and coping styles with cosmetic surgery acceptance. The sample included 77 women and men aged 19 to 73, living in Bogotá. The instruments used were State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) depression part, Coping Style Inventory -Abbreviated Scale and the Eating Attitudes property EAT-26-M. Were analyzed using Structural Equations with the Statistical program AMOS and concluded that the variables depressive symptoms, ED risk, number of children, socioeconomic condition and a family history of surgery predict acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery in this sample. Findings and limitations are discussed and suggestions are provided for future research.

Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) as surrogate insulinization criteria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Questions remain about when insulin therapy is indicated; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate homeostasis model assessment beta-cell (HOMAbetacell) values as surrogate criteria for insulin therapy indication in patients with type 2 diabetes. A prospective study was performed involving 189 type 2 diabetic patients with deficient metabolic control assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. All patients received nutritional intervention and combination therapy with metformin and glimepiride. Patients who did not respond were admitted to the next phase, which consisted of glimepiride + metformin + rosiglitazone oral therapy and revaluation after 3 months. Comparisons between responders and nonresponders in this phase were made in order to achieve differences in metabolic parameters and beta cell function. Of 189 patients studied, 150 (79.36%) were considered full responders in the first phase of this study. The remaining 39 patients were admitted in the second trial phase, in which 20 patients (51.28%) responded to triple oral therapy, while the other 19 (49.72%) required insulin therapy. Significant differences were found in fasting and postprandial glycemia (P < 0.001; P < 0.004) between the non-insulin-requiring group (200 +/- 12.0 mg/dL; 266.05 +/- 17,67 mg/dL) and the insulin-requiring group (291.5 +/- 17.6 mg/dL; 361.6 +/- 26.1 mg/dL). Likewise, significant differences were observed in homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and HOMAbetacell values (P < 0.002; P < 0.04) between non-insulin-requiring patients (7.7 +/- 0.8; 24.5 +/- 1.3%) and insulin-requiring patients (12.6 +/- 1.2; 19.4 +/- 2.4%). Finally, significant differences were observed when comparing body mass index (non-insulin-requiring group, 29.2 +/- 0.4 kg/m, versus insulin-requiring group, 27.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m; P < 0.05). HOMAbetacell determination in clinical practice is a useful tool to determine when insulin therapy should be started for type 2 diabetic patients.