Adaptation and Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in Community-Dwelling Older Mexican Adults.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the FES-I scale in community-dwelling older Mexican adults. Participants were 222 older adults, with a mean age of 70 years; 75% were women who completed a sociodemographic data sheet, a Spanish version of the FES-I scale, intended to explore measures of depression, quality of life, and instrumental activities of daily living. Discriminant validity was demonstrated for all items on the FES-I scale and when groups of older adults were compared according to age. Evidence of internal consistency was found in all the items of the FES-I scale (α = .91) and convergent and divergent validity of the FES-I scale with measures of depression and quality of life, except instrumental activities of daily living. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows that the FES-I scale partially retains its two-factor measurement properties since five items were removed from the model to fit the data. The FES-I scale is a valid and reliable measure for clinical evaluations of fear of falls in older Mexican adults in the community.

Intervención multidisciplinaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en comunidades rurales: un estudio piloto / Multidisciplinary intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural communities: a pilot study

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de una intervención multidisciplinaria, para mejorar la adhesión al tratamiento en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de comunidades rurales. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron 26 pacientes (15 mujeres) con DM2 (M edad = 60 DT = 12) de dos comunidades rurales del noroeste de México. Se aplicaron los inventarios de Depresión y Ansiedad de Beck y el Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud. Se midió la glucosa en el ayuno y la hemoglobina glicosilada antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: La intervención mostró una disminución en depresión y ansiedad, así como una mejor calidad de vida. También se detectó una disminución de la glucosa en ayuno. Se calculó la prueba t de Student para examinar las diferencias en las variables señaladas tomadas en dos momentos, antes de iniciar el programa y al finalizar el programa. Se observaron menores niveles de sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad y mayores niveles de calidad de vida al finalizar el programa. Además, el nivel de glucosa en sangre descendió de manera significativa. Conclusiones: Se analizaron las implicaciones de intervenciones de este tipo en comunidades rurales, detectándose la necesidad de implementar políticas públicas que permitan mejorar condiciones en población vulnerable.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from rural communities. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients (15 women and 11 men) with DM2 from two rural communities in northwestern Mexico participated. The average age was 60 years. The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory and Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud were applied, in addition to fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin before and after the intervention. Results: Statistically significant pretest-postest changes were detected in depression and anxiety (p=.006 y p=.002 respectively). by Student's t for related samples and the size of the median and large effect by Cohen's d in the psychological variables. In fasting blood glucose changes were detected between the first and last sessions. However in glycosylated hemoglobin only 6 patients decreased their levels. Conclusions: Future studies involving community members to support the behavioral change of patients with DM2 are proposed.

[Perceived stressors associated with the presence of burnout in resident physicians]. / Estresores percibidos asociados a la presencia de burnout en médicos residentes.

Background: Scientific research has reported various stressors that could be related to the development of burnout in resident physicians. Objective: To identify the perceived stressors associated with burnout in residents of various medical specialties in Mexico's northwest. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, explanatory, observational, and analytical study was carried out. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Resident physicians from two hospitals in southern Sonora participated. The Occupational Burnout Scale (OED) and the Stressors Check List with intensity were used. Results: 189 resident physicians were included. 87% presented high levels of burnout. Specifically, the work overload and job dissatisfaction stressors were the ones with the greatest predictive power of burnout and dissatisfaction with achievement in resident physicians. By dimensions, physical problems were predictors of the pain dimension in the occupational burnout state. Professional exercise and physical problems predicted burnout in occupational burnout state. And physical problems were predictors for the presence of depression. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm the need to attend physical and mental health of resident doctors, and promote optimal work environments that have a positive impact on the well-being of their members.

Introducción: la investigación científica ha reportado diversos estresores que podrían estar relacionados con el desarrollo del burnout en médicos residentes. Objetivo: identificar los estresores percibidos asociados con burnout en residentes de diversas especialidades médicas en el noroeste de México. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, explicativo y transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Participaron médicos residentes de dos hospitales del sur de Sonora. Se utilizó la Escala de desgaste ocupacional (EDO) y la Lista de chequeo de estresores con intensidad. Resultados: se incluyeron 189 médicos residentes. El 87% presentó altos niveles de burnout. Específicamente los estresores sobrecarga laboral e insatisfacción laboral tuvieron mayor poder predictivo del agotamiento y la insatisfacción de logro en los médicos residentes. Por dimensiones, los problemas físicos fueron predictores de la dimensión de dolor en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Asimismo, el ejercicio profesional y los problemas físicos predijeron el agotamiento en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Y los problemas físicos fueron predictores para la presencia de depresión. Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de atender la salud física y mental de los médicos residentes, así como promover ambientes laborales óptimos que tengan un impacto positivo en el bienestar de sus integrantes.

Estresores percibidos asociados a la presencia de burnout en médicos residentes / Perceived stressors associated with the presence of burnout in resident physicians

Introducción: la investigación científica ha reportado diversos estresores que podrían estar relacionados con el desarrollo del burnout en médicos residentes. Objetivo: identificar los estresores percibidos asociados con burnout en residentes de diversas especialidades médicas en el noroeste de México. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, explicativo y transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Participaron médicos residentes de dos hospitales del sur de Sonora. Se utilizó la Escala de desgaste ocupacional (EDO) y la Lista de chequeo de estresores con intensidad. Resultados: se incluyeron 189 médicos residentes. El 87% presentó altos niveles de burnout. Específicamente los estresores sobrecarga laboral e insatisfacción laboral tuvieron mayor poder predictivo del agotamiento y la insatisfacción de logro en los médicos residentes. Por dimensiones, los problemas físicos fueron predictores de la dimensión de dolor en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Asimismo, el ejercicio profesional y los problemas físicos predijeron el agotamiento en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Y los problemas físicos fueron predictores para la presencia de depresión. Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de atender la salud física y mental de los médicos residentes, así como promover ambientes laborales óptimos que tengan un impacto positivo en el bienestar de sus integrantes

Background: Scientific research has reported various stressors that could be related to the development of burnout in resident physicians. Objective: To identify the perceived stressors associated with burnout in residents of various medical specialties in Mexico's northwest. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, explanatory, observational, and analytical study was carried out. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Resident physicians from two hospitals in southern Sonora participated. The Occupational Burnout Scale (OED) and the Stressors Check List with intensity were used. Results: 189 resident physicians were included. 87% presented high levels of burnout. Specifically, the work overload and job dissatisfaction stressors were the ones with the greatest predictive power of burnout and dissatisfaction with achievement in resident physicians. By dimensions, physical problems were predictors of the pain dimension in the occupational burnout state. Professional exercise and physical problems predicted burnout in occupational burnout state. And physical problems were predictors for the presence of depression. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm the need to attend physical and mental health of resident doctors, and promote optimal work environments that have a positive impact on the well-being of their members

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15): Validation in Mexico and Disorder in the State of Knowledge.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in its 15-item version (GDS-15) in Mexican older adults. Participants included 1178 older adults between the ages of 60 and 94 (M = 69.16, SD = 7.69); 53.9% were women and 55.8% were married or with a partner. They completed the GDS-15, a subjective well-being scale, and a quality-of-life questionnaire. A Kuder-Richardson coefficient of .80 was obtained, which indicates an acceptable internal consistency of the GDS-15, as well as evidence of divergent validity with significant correlations of -.783 with subjective well-being and -.569 with quality of life, in addition to concurrent validity when discriminating between participants with low scores from those with high scores of depressive symptoms. The need for a simple screening tool such as the GDS-15 that helps in the identification of depressive symptoms in Mexican older adults is underlined.

Intervención telefónica para mejorar adherencia terapéutica en niños con enfermedad renal / Telephone intervention to improve therapeutic adherence in children with kidney disease / Intervenção telefônica para melhorar a adesão terapêutica em crianças com doença renal / Intervention téléphonique pour améliorer lobservance thérapeutique chez les enfants atteints dune maladie rénale

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de una intervención cognitivo conductual vía telefónica sobre la adherencia terapéutica de niños con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) y sus cuidadores. Materiales y Métodos El estudio utilizó un diseño de caso único con línea base múltiple. Se aplicó la intervención vía telefónica con dos sesiones presenciales: al principio y al final. Resultados Se observó una tendencia a disminuir el olvido en los medicamentos, reducción del consumo de líquidos con alto contenido de azúcar y un incremento clínicamente significativo en las estrategias de solución de problemas por parte del cuidador. Conclusiones El cuidador percibió beneficios en el niño tales como mayor comprensión de la enfermedad y la importancia de los medicamentos, mayor frecuencia de actitudes positivas del niño hacia los tratamientos orales y mayor autocontrol en el consumo de alimentos y líquidos no saludables. La intervención se distingue por enfocarse en el niño y su cuidador y por aplicarse vía telefónica. La aplicación de un protocolo de intervención facilita que la efectividad del programa no se encuentre directamente relacionada con las habilidades terapéuticas del aplicador. Se recomienda llevar a cabo estudios con mayor cantidad de participantes para evaluar su eficacia.

Abstract Objective Evaluate the effects of a cognitive behavioral intervention by phone on the therapeutic adherence of children with chronic kidney failure (CRF) and their caregivers. Material and Methods The study used a single case design with multiple baseline. The intervention was applied by phone with two face- to-face sessions at the beginning and end. Results There was a tendency to decrease forgetfulness in the medications, reduction of the consumption of liquids with high sugar content and a clinically significant increase in the strategies of solution of problems by the caregiver. Conclusions The caregiver perceived benefits in the child such as greater understanding of the disease and the importance of the medications, more frequent positive attitudes of the child towards oral treatments and greater self-control in them consumption of unhealthy foods and liquids. The intervention is distinguished by focusing on the child and their caregiver and it being applied by telephone. The application of an intervention protocol facilitates that the effectiveness of the program is not directly related to the therapeutic abilities of the applicator. It is recommended to conduct studies with a larger number of participants to evaluate their effectiveness.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental via telefone na adesão terapêutica de crianças com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) e seus cuidadores. Materiais e Métodos O estudo utilizou um design de caso único com múltiplas linhas de base. A intervenção foi aplicada por telefone com duas sessões presenciais: no início e no final. Resultados Houve tendência a diminuir o esquecimento dos medicamentos, a redução no consumo de líquidos com alto teor de açúcar e um aumento clinicamente significativo nas estratégias de solução de problemas por parte do cuidador. Conclusões O cuidador percebeu benefícios na criança, como maior entendimento da doença e importância dos medicamentos, maior frequência de atitudes positivas da criança em relação aos tratamentos orais e maior autocontrole no consumo de alimentos e líquidos não saudáveis. A intervenção é diferenciada, concentrando-se na criança e seu cuidador e aplicando por telefone. A aplicação de um protocolo de intervenção facilita que a eficácia do programa não esteja diretamente relacionada às habilidades terapêuticas do candidato. Recomenda- se a realização de estudos com mais participantes para avaliar sua eficácia.

Résumé Objectif Évaluez les effets de l'intervention cognitive comportementale par téléphone sur l'observance thérapeutique des enfants atteints d'une déficience rénale chronique (MCK) et de leurs soignants. Matériaux et méthodes L'étude a utilisé une seule conception de cas avec une base de référence multiple. L'intervention téléphonique a été appliquée avec deux séances en face-à-face : au début et à la fin. Résultats On a observé une tendance à diminuer l'oubli des médicaments, à réduire la consommation de liquides à teneur élevée en sucre et à augmenter cliniquement considérablement les stratégies de résolution de problèmes des soignants. Conclusions L'aidant percevait des avantages chez l'enfant, comme une meilleure compréhension de la maladie et l'importance des médicaments, une fréquence accrue des attitudes positives de l'enfant à l'égard des traitements oraux et une plus grande maîtrise de soi dans la consommation alimentaire et fluides malsains. L'intervention se distingue en mettant l'accent sur l'enfant et son aidant et en s'appliquant par téléphone. L'application d'un protocole d'intervention facilite le fait que l'efficacité du programme n'est pas directement liée aux compétences thérapeutiques de l'applicateur. Il est recommandé de mener des études avec plus de participants afin d'en évaluer l'efficavacité.

Design and construction of the Maternal Self-efficacy Scale for the Prevention of Excess Weight / Diseño y construcción de la Escala de Autoeficacia Materna para la Prevención del Exceso de Peso

Abstract The objective of the present study was to design, validate and obtain the reliability of the Maternal Self-efficacy Scale for the Prevention of Overweight. From an exploratory research where the role of mothers in childhood obesity was studied, 25 items were written, after an assessment by a panel of judges. The validation was carried out twice with different samples. The first one were 400 mothers (Mage = 33.1, SD = 6.8) of children aged 3-6 years (M = 5.0, SD = 0.6) and 18 items were obtained, divided into four factors: Food, Programming, Solutions, and Prohibition, with a Cronbach's alpha (α) between .62 - .88 and omega (ω) coefficients of .76 - .94. The second validation was with 369 participants, 97% were mothers (Medad = 32.4, DS = 7.9) of children aged 3-6 years (M = 5.0, DS = 0.6) and 3% were grandmothers. The scale was one-dimensional composed by 11 items, with α = .90, ω = .92, and explaining 52% of the variance that evaluates the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of body weight excess. The proposed scale showed to be suitable and, therefore, its use will promote a greater understanding of childhood obesity.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar, validar y obtener la confiabilidad de la Escala de Autoeficacia Materna para la Prevención del Exceso de Peso. A partir de un estudio exploratorio que indagó el papel de las madres en la obesidad infantil, fueron redactados 25 ítems, mismos que fueron evaluados por un panel de jueces. La validación de este instrumento se realizó con diferentes muestras. En la primera participaron 400 madres (Medad = 33.1, DS = 6.8) de hijos de 3 a 6 años (M = 5.0, DS = 0.6), y se obtuvieron 18 ítems, distribuidos en cuatro factores: Alimentación, Programación, Soluciones y Prohibición, con alpha de Cronbach (α) entre .62 y .88, y coeficiente omega (ω) de .76 a .94. En la segunda validación participaron 369 madres (Medad = 32.4, DS = 7.9) de hijos de 3 a 6 años (M = 5.0, DS = 0.6) y el 3% de abuelas. La escala fue unidimensional, compuesta por 11 reactivos con α = .90, ω = .92 y varianza explicada del 52% de la autoeficacia percibida para la prevención del exceso de peso. La escala propuesta mostró ser apta y, por tanto, su uso promoverá un mayor entendimiento de la obesidad infantil.

[Transdiscal percutaneous approach of splanchnic nerves]. / Abordaje transdiscal de los nervios esplácnicos.

Neurolytic celiac plexus block is an established, well-developed procedure and the most accepted and applied in visceral pain; recognized by the WHO and the IASP, it is very good in palliative management of cancer pain in visceral of superior hemiabdomen. However, conventional techniques in celiac plexus have not been successful in patients with organomegaly and/or anatomic abnormalities, except when splanchnic nerve neurolytic blockade is used. On the other hand, conventional techniques in splanchnic nerves are highly associated with complications such as paraplegia, pneumothorax and liver or renal punction. For these reasons an alternative option has ben designed, termed transdiscal percutaneous approach of splanchnic nerves under tomographic control; this technique affords the option of improving accuracy and performance with minimum risks, particularly lung puncture and its consequences. Under this technique, 64 superior hemi-abdomen cancer patients initiated such a study (four without morphine treatment quit the study), 55% females and 45% males, visceral pain syndrome 65%, and mixed, 35%. Side effects were dyspnea 5%, hypotension 26.7%, nausea 31.7%, diarrhea 83.3% in which diarrhea means increased peristalsis showing adequate sympathetic inhibition via splanchnic nerves), vomiting 28.3%, punction-site pain 46.7%, aorta punction 6.7%, anal pleural punction 5%. All these incidents were dealt with by conservative treatment. Student t test showed that pain intensity in all measurements after procedure was different in comparison to basal pain intensity prior to procedure (p<0.05), emphasizing that at the 12th, 18th and 24th months, there was noticeable reduction in participants number with eight, five and four participants, respectively. Morphine intake at week 1, and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after procedure was different from basal intake prior to procedure (p<0.05) with same noticeable reduction in participant numbers at last stages. Butylhioscine intake at week 1, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after procedure was different from basal intake prior to procedure (p<0.05). NSAIDs consumption was likely during 2 months after procedure (p<0.05). Linear regression showed that butylhioscine and morphine explained low percentage of pain intensity variance, controlling statistically that effect over pain. There were no differences in pain pathophysiology with regard to cancer type. Transdiscal percutaneous approach of splanchnic nerves guided by CAT is an alternative with minimal risks, as with lung punction, confirming that inhibiting splanchnic nerves has advantages in pain release, reducing and/or eliminating morphine consumption.