Endothelial Dysfunction in Covid-19 Infection.

COVID-19 is an evolving systemic inflammatory pandemic disease, predominantly affecting the respiratory system. Associated cardiovascular comorbid conditions result in severe to critical illness with mortality up to 14.8 % in octogenarians. The role of endothelial dysfunction in its pathogenesis has been proposed with laboratory and autopsy data, though initially it was thought of as only acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The current study on endothelial dysfunction in SARS CoV-2 infection highlights its pathophysiology through the effects of direct viral-induced endothelial injury, uncontrolled immune & inflammatory response, imbalanced coagulation homeostasis, and their interactions resulting in a vicious cycle aggravating the disease process. This review may provide further light on proper laboratory tests and therapeutic implications needed for better management of patients. The main objective of the study is to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 with respect to the role of endothelium so that more additional relevant treatment may be incorporated in the management protocol.

The clinico-pathological profile of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Aseer region of Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders, in which, its clinical spectrum, primary extra nodal variety, histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, remain lacking in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess the clinicopathologic patterns of NHL and the utility and diagnostic role of IHC immunophenotyping. RESULTS: Patients > 60 years of age had the highest incidence of NHL; male: female ratio was 1.27:1. The incidence of NHL has shown a steady increase in the Aseer region from 2011 to 2014. Twenty-Five percent of our patients presented with advanced disease (Stage IV). A total of 52% of patients presented with constitutional symptoms, while 43% showed generalized lymphadenopathy. Nearly half of our patients (49%) had primary NHL of extra nodal variety, where the stomach was the most commonly involved organ (13 cases). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common subtype of NHL in our population (59%). Most patients (82%) were positive for CD20 surface marker, while 60% were positive for CD45.