Traumatic catheterization as a precipitating factor for urethral prolapse in 4 years old child.

Urethral prolapse is a circumferential protrusion of the distal urethra through the external urethral meatus. The incidence of Urethral prolapse was reported to be one in 3000, and it occurs most often in prepubertal Black females and postmenopausal White women. The possible causes and precipitating factors are not clear. Instrumentation of the urinary tract was reported to be one of rare precipitating factor. We report a case of Urethral prolapse in a child which was precipitated by traumatic accidental removal of the transurethral catheter.

Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual pathology.

Renal arteriovenous malformations are rare renal vascular abnormalities. More commonly, the term refers to the congenital type of malformation. Only a few cases have ever been presented and reported in the literature, mostly with a nidus. We present the clinical, ultrasound and computed tomography findings and discuss the management related to a 63-year-old male with a right congenital renal arteriovenous malformation without a nidus that was successfully managed with coil embolisation. Relevant literature is hereby reviewed to highlight characteristic imaging and appropriate treatment.