Isonitriles as Alkyl Radical Precursors in Visible Light Mediated Hydro- and Deuterodeamination Reactions.

Herein, we report the use of isonitriles as alkyl radical precursors in light-mediated hydro- and deuterodeamination reactions. The reaction is scalable, shows broad functional group compatibility and potential to be used in late-stage functionalization. Importantly, the method is general for Cα -primary, Cα -secondary and Cα -tertiary alkyl isonitriles. For most examples, high yields were obtained through direct visible-light irradiation of the isonitrile in the presence of a silyl radical precursor. Interestingly, in the presence of an organic photocatalyst (4CzIPN) a dramatic acceleration was observed. In-depth mechanistic studies using UV/Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that the excited state of 4CzIPN can engage in a single-electron transfer with the isonitrile.

Teaching and learning strategies in Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy: Knowledge gains perceived by caregivers / Estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem na Terapia Enteral domiciliar: ganhos de conhecimentos percebidos por cuidadores / Estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje en Terapia Enteral domiciliaria: adquisición de conocimiento percibida por los cuidadores

Abstract Objective: to evaluate how different educational strategies contribute to knowledge gains perceived by caregivers of people using Enteral Nutritional Therapy. Method: a quasi-experimental study conducted in two stages: the first one included an interactive lecture class (LC) and the second was carried out in two groups: in-situ simulated skills training (ST) and reading of an educational booklet (EB). The caregivers answered a self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge before and after the interventions; for the analysis, a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution was proposed and the comparisons were carried out using orthogonal contrasts. Results: the participants were 30 caregivers; evidence of a difference in knowledge between the t1and t0 moments is evidenced. The analysis of the final comparison about the knowledge gain between the EB and ST groups, according to Student's t, evidenced an estimated difference of -1,33, with 95% CI (-4.98; 2.31) and p-value=0.46. Conclusion: knowledge was further increased between the t1 and t0 moments, when compared to the t2 and t1 moments in both groups. When compared, we cannot conclude that one of the groups changed more than the other in relation to moment t0 and t2; thus, the study evidenced the knowledge gain after all the educational strategies in both groups.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar como diferentes estratégias educativas contribuem para ganhos de conhecimento percebidos por cuidadores de pessoas em uso da Terapia Nutricional Enteral. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado em duas etapas; a primeira contemplou uma aula expositiva dialogada (AE) e a segunda aconteceu em dois grupos: treino de habilidades (TH) simulado in situ e leitura da cartilha educativa (CE). Os cuidadores responderam um questionário autoaplicável para avaliação de conhecimentos em pré e pós-intervenções; para a análise foi proposto um modelo linear generalizado com distribuição Poisson e as comparações foram realizadas por contrastes ortogonais. Resultados: participaram 30 cuidadores, observou-se evidência de diferença de conhecimento entre os tempos t1 e t0. A análise da comparação final sobre o aumento do conhecimento entre os grupos CE e TH, por teste t-Student, evidenciou uma diferença estimada de -1,33, com IC 95% (-4,98; 2,31) e valor de p de 0,46. Conclusão: ocorreu uma maior elevação de conhecimento entre os tempos t1 e t0, quando comparada os tempos t2 e t1 em ambos os grupos. Quando comparados, não podemos concluir que um dos grupos mudou mais que o outro em relação aos tempos t0 e t2; assim, o estudo evidenciou o ganho de conhecimento após todas as estratégias educativas nos dois grupos.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar cómo las diferentes estrategias educativas contribuyen a la adquisición de conocimiento percibida por los cuidadores de personas que utilizan Terapia Nutricional Enteral. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental realizado en dos etapas; la primera incluyó una clase expositiva dialogada (CE) y la segunda se desarrolló en dos grupos: entrenamiento de habilidades (EH) simuladas in situ y lectura del folleto educativo (FE). Los cuidadores respondieron un cuestionario autoadministrado para evaluar el conocimiento pre-posintervenciones; para el análisis se propuso un modelo lineal generalizado con distribución de Poisson y las comparaciones se realizaron mediante contrastes ortogonales. Resultados: participaron 30 cuidadores, había evidencias de la diferencia de conocimiento entre los tiempos t1 y t0. El análisis de la comparación final sobre el aumento de conocimientos entre los grupos FE y EH, mediante la prueba t de Student, mostró una diferencia estimada de -1,33, con un IC del 95% (-4,98; 2,31) y un valor de p de 0,46. Conclusión: hubo un mayor aumento del conocimiento entre los tiempos t1 y t0, que entre los tiempos t2 y t1 en ambos grupos. Al compararlos, no podemos concluir que uno de los grupos cambió más que el otro entre t0 y t2; por lo tanto, el estudio demostró que hubo adquisición de conocimiento después de todas las estrategias educativas en ambos grupos.

A Simple Entry to the 5,8-Disubstituted Indolizidine Skeleton via Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction.

The 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines are the largest family of indolizidines isolated from the skin of amphibians. These compounds exhibit interesting biological activities such as noncompetitive blockers of nicotinic receptors. In this paper, we present a short, simple, and general synthesis of these alkaloids based on the hetero Diels-Alder reaction between suitable monoactivated dienes and Δ1-pyrroline as the dienophile. The selectivity of the process is explained based on computational studies. Concise synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid 181B from a hetero Diels-Alder reaction was accomplished in four steps.

Teaching and learning strategies in Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy: Knowledge gains perceived by caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate how different educational strategies contribute to knowledge gains perceived by caregivers of people using Enteral Nutritional Therapy. METHOD: a quasi-experimental study conducted in two stages: the first one included an interactive lecture class (LC) and the second was carried out in two groups: in-situ simulated skills training (ST) and reading of an educational booklet (EB). The caregivers answered a self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge before and after the interventions; for the analysis, a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution was proposed and the comparisons were carried out using orthogonal contrasts. RESULTS: the participants were 30 caregivers; evidence of a difference in knowledge between the t1and t0 moments is evidenced. The analysis of the final comparison about the knowledge gain between the EB and ST groups, according to Student's t, evidenced an estimated difference of -1,33, with 95% CI (-4.98; 2.31) and p-value=0.46. CONCLUSION: knowledge was further increased between the t1 and t0 moments, when compared to the t2 and t1 moments in both groups. When compared, we cannot conclude that one of the groups changed more than the other in relation to moment t0 and t2; thus, the study evidenced the knowledge gain after all the educational strategies in both groups.

Consequências da herpes tipo 1 no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor / Consequences of herpes type 1 on neuropsymotor development / Consecuencias del herpes tipo 1 en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor

Objetivo: Descrever as consequências do herpes tipo 1 no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa das consequências da Herpes do tipo 1 no Desenvolvimento Neuropsicomotor. Questão norteadora: "Quais os efeitos da infecção congênita da Herpes tipo 1 no Desenvolvimento Neuropsicomotor observadas entre os anos de 2010 a 2020?". O levantamento dos dados ocorreu: dezembro/2021 a janeiro/2022 nas bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e National Library of Medicine. Descritores: "Herpes"; "Desenvolvimento Neuropsicomotor"; "Herpes Congênita" e "Neuropsychomotor Development" com operadores booleanos AND e OR. Critérios de inclusão: artigos originais, texto completo. Exclusão: cartas ao editor, teses, dissertações e revisões de literatura. Resultados: Foram encontrados 21 artigos nas bases de dados pesquisadas, contudo, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 3 artigos foram considerados elegíveis. Após a análise, pode-se afirmar os impactos do Vírus Herpes pode gerar ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, podendo ocasionar disfagia, disartria, alterações motoras, cognitivas e sociais, bem como outros sinais e sintomas que levarão ao atraso no desenvolvimento. Conclusão: O Herpes Vírus Simples pode ocasionar transtornos cerebrais em crianças, o que acarreta distúrbios para o amadurecimento normal, com consequente atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor.

Objective: To describe the consequences of herpes type 1 on neuropsychomotor development. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the consequences of Herpes type 1 on Neuropsychomotor Development. Guiding question: "What are the effects of congenital Herpes type 1 infection on Neuropsychomotor Development observed between the years 2010 to 2020?". Data collection took place: December/2021 to January/2022 in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and National Library of Medicine. Keywords: "Herpes"; "Neuropsychomotor Development"; "Herpes Congenita" and "Neuropsychomotor Development" with Boolean operators AND and OR. Inclusion criteria: original articles, full text. Exclusion: letters to the editor, theses, dissertations and literature reviews. Results: 21 articles were found in the searched databases, however, after applying the inclusion criteria, 3 articles were considered eligible. After the analysis, it can be said the impacts of the Herpes Virus can generate neuropsychomotor development, which can cause dysphagia, dysarthria, motor, cognitive and social changes, as well as other signs and symptoms that will lead to developmental delay. Conclusion: Herpes Simplex Virus can cause brain disorders in children, which causes disturbances to normal maturation, with consequent delays in neuropsychomotor development.

Objetivo: Describir las consecuencias del herpes tipo 1 en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión narrativa de las consecuencias del Herpes Tipo 1 en el Desarrollo Neuropsicomotor. Pregunta norteadora: "¿Cuáles son los efectos de la infección congénita por Herpes tipo 1 en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor observados entre los años 2010 y 2020?". Los datos se recopilaron entre diciembre de 2021 y enero de 2022 en las siguientes bases de datos: Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences y National Library of Medicine. Descriptores: "Herpes"; "Desarrollo neuropsicomotor"; "Herpes congénito" y "Desarrollo neuropsicomotor" con operadores booleanos AND y OR. Criterios de inclusión: artículos originales, texto completo. Criterios de exclusión: cartas al director, tesis, disertaciones y revisiones bibliográficas. Resultados: Se encontraron 21 artículos en las bases de datos consultadas, sin embargo, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se consideraron elegibles 3 artículos. Después del análisis, se puede afirmar los impactos que el Herpes Virus puede tener en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor, que puede causar disfagia, disartria, alteraciones motoras, cognitivas y sociales, así como otros signos y síntomas que conducirán a un retraso en el desarrollo. Conclusión: El virus del herpes simple puede causar alteraciones cerebrales en los niños, lo que conduce a trastornos de la maduración normal, con los consiguientes retrasos en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor.

Reversibility of glyphosate sorption in pampean loess-derived soil profiles of central Argentina.

There is a growing concern about glyphosate's behavior in the environment. Herbicide behavior in soils greatly depends on adsorption-desorption phenomena, which have shown great variability in soils, although the reversibility of this process has been less examined. The adsorption-desorption behavior of glyphosate was measured on representative soil profiles of the northeast region of Argentinean Pampas, a semi-arid crop cultivating region. Two soil profiles samples (P1 and P2, both Entic Haplustoll) were collected and segmented into depth increments of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm. Batch adsorption/48 h-desorption isotherms were performed in a controlled setup. Soil samples had a high sand content (77-92%), and a low content of clay (<3%), but markedly differing in the available P content, especially in the upper layers of soil profiles (0-40 cm, P1 range 133-170 ppm; P2 range 7-43 ppm). Adsorption-desorption isotherms showed a similar range of variation, between 150 and 1400 L kg -1for KFads and 450-1400 L kg -1for KFdes, without appreciable evidence of hysteresis (0.95 ± 0.05). Sorption capacity parameters showed a distinct behavior with depth, P1 exhibiting a U-shape with minimum values at intermediate depths (20-60 cm), while P2 decreases sharply between 0 and 40 cm. General linear models considering the specific surface area (SSA) of each sample and the spatial correlation structure for soil profiles showed a main positive association of KFads and KFdes with the soil organic matter, together with a positive association with iron content (KFads), and a negative association of KFdes with available P content. These results indicate high adsorption extents and sorption reversibility of glyphosate to sandy loam soils of the region, which implies the potential for the herbicide to be available for leaching or degradation under a scenario of intensive use.

Thianthrenium-Enabled Sulfonylation via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation.

Sulfone-containing compounds are prevalent building blocks in pharmaceuticals and other biomolecules, and they serve as key intermediates in the synthesis of complex scaffolds. During the past decade, several methods have been developed to access sulfones. These strategies, however, require the use of strong reaction conditions, limiting their substrate scope. Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as novel platforms to access unprecedented structural motifs. This report demonstrates a thianthrenium-enabled sulfonylation via intra-complex charge transfer to generate transient aryl- and persistent sulfonyl radicals that undergo selective coupling to generate alkyl- and (hetero)aryl sulfones under ambient conditions. Importantly, this strategy allows retention of halide handles, presenting a complementary approach to transition metal-mediated photoredox couplings. Furthermore, this sulfonylation allows high functional group tolerance and is amenable to late-stage functionalization of complex biomolecules. Mechanistic investigations support the intermediacy of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes.

Synthesis of α-Fluorinated Areneacetates through Photoredox/Copper Dual Catalysis.

The development of mild and practical conditions for the fluoroalkylation of arenes is an ongoing challenge in chemical organic synthesis. Herein, we report a metallaphotoredox method for the preparation of fluoroalkyl arenes based on the synergistic combination of Ir/Cu dual catalysis from boronic acids. The mild conditions allow broad functional group tolerance, including substrates containing aldehydes, free phenols, and N-Boc-protected amines. Mechanistic investigations support a process proceeding via photoredox/copper dual catalysis.

Interpersonal Relationships in Diabetes: Views and Experience of People with Diabetes, Informal Carers, and Healthcare Professionals in Portugal.

INTRODUCTION: The increasing burden of diabetes poses a great challenge to healthcare systems and economy worldwide. Although modern therapeutic strategies for diabetes are widely available, most patients still fail to achieve optimal clinical targets and well-being. The primary objective of this study was to assess and explore potential drivers and successful management of diabetes among people with diabetes, family members and healthcare professionals in Portugal, by applying the protocol of the multinational study "Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2)". MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 767 adults, including 417 people with diabetes, 123 family members and 227 healthcare professionals, participated in the study. Surveys assessed health-related quality of life, self-management, attitudes/beliefs, social support and priorities for improvement areas in diabetes care. RESULTS: Diabetes has a negative impact on the physical health and emotional well-being of patients in Portugal and is also a psychological burden for family members. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of diabetes were mentioned as a major area of improvement. Healthcare professionals indicated the need for diabetes self-management education. CONCLUSION: We have used for the first time in Portugal the DAWN2 protocol to address the wishes, needs, and attitudes of Portuguese diabetes patients, their relatives, and healthcare professionals regarding the disease.

Introdução: Os encargos crescentes com a diabetes representam um desafio para os sistemas de saúde e economia a nível mundial. Apesar de terapias modernas para a diabetes disponíveis, a maioria das pessoas continua privada de cuidados e bem-estar adequados. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar e explorar os fatores relevantes para o controlo ativo e eficaz da diabetes para as pessoas com diabetes, familiares e profissionais de saúde em Portugal, aplicando o protocolo do estudo multinacional "Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2)". Material e Métodos: Participaram no estudo 767 adultos (417 pessoas com diabetes, 123 familiares e 227 profissionais de saúde). Foram avaliados a qualidade de vida associada à saúde, autogestão, atitudes/crenças, apoio social e prioridades em áreas de melhoria no tratamento da diabetes. Resultados: A diabetes tem um impacto negativo na saúde física e no bem-estar emocional das pessoas em Portugal, sendo também uma carga psicológica para os seus familiares. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoces da diabetes foram indicados como a principal área de melhoria. Profissionais de saúde indicaram a necessidade de educação para a autogestão da diabetes. Conclusão: Pela primeira vez em Portugal usámos o protocolo DAWN2 para ir ao encontro dos desejos, necessidades e atitudes dos doentes Portugueses com diabetes, os seus familiares e profissionais de saúde relativamente à doença.

Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation Using Thianthrenium Salts.

The synthesis of sulfides has been widely studied because this functional subunit is prevalent in biomolecules and pharmaceuticals, as well as being a useful synthetic platform for further elaboration. Thus, various methods to build C-S bonds have been developed, but typically they require the use of precious metals or harsh conditions. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation strategies have emerged as versatile and sustainable ways to achieve C-S bond formation, avoiding challenges associated with previous methods. This work describes an open-to-air, photoinduced, site-selective C-H thioetherification from readily available reagents via EDA complex formation that tolerates a wide range of different functional groups. Moreover, C(sp2 )-halogen bonds remain intact using this protocol, allowing late-stage installation of the sulfide motif in various bioactive scaffolds, while allowing yet further modification through more traditional C-X bond cleavage protocols. Additionally, various mechanistic investigations support the envisioned EDA complex scenario.

Nickel-Mediated Synthesis of Non-Anomeric C-Acyl Glycosides through Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation.

The preparation of nonanomeric C-acyl-saccharides has been developed from two different carboxylic acid feedstocks. This transformation is driven by the synergistic interaction of an electron donor-acceptor complex and Ni catalysis. Primary-, secondary-, and tertiary redox-active esters are incorporated as coupling partners onto preactivated pyranosyl- and furanosyl acids, preserving their stereochemical integrity. The reaction occurs under mild conditions, without stoichiometric metal reductants or exogenous catalysts, using commercially available Hantzsch ester as the organic photoreductant.

Photochemical C-H arylation of heteroarenes for DNA-encoded library synthesis.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology has emerged as a time- and cost-efficient technique for the identification of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. Although several reaction classes have been successfully validated in DEL environments, there remains a paucity of DNA-compatible reactions that harness building blocks (BBs) from readily available substructures bearing multifunctional handles for further library diversification under mild, dilute, and aqueous conditions. In this study, the direct C-H carbofunctionalization of medicinally-relevant heteroarenes can be accomplished via the photoreduction of DNA-conjugated (hetero)aryl halides to deliver reactive aryl radical intermediates in a regulated fashion within minutes of blue light illumination. A broad array of electron-rich and electron-poor heteroarene scaffolds undergo transformation in the presence of sensitive functional groups.

Geochemical characterization and the assessment of trace element retention in sediments of the Reconquista River, Argentina.

The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of sediments of the Reconquista River allows analyzing the geochemical partition of trace elements in one of the most polluted water courses of Argentina. The low dissolved oxygen and high ammonia contents, together with the high chemical oxygen demand, attest to the poor water quality. Ammonia, Cd and Cu content in surficial water exceeds the maximum guidelines for freshwater in Argentina. The recent sediments of the uppermost bed are enriched in organic matter (OM), sulfur, Zn, Cu and Pb. The enrichment factor is moderate, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu and Pb indicates uncontaminated to moderately contaminated sediments. The positive and significant correlation between As, Cr, Pb and Zn with the iron content suggests that their retention is controlled by the amount of iron oxy (hydr)oxides in the sediments, probably combined with the silt + clay abundance. In comparison with its tributary, the Las Catonas Stream, the Reconquista River, has less OM and trace elements in the sediments and more dissolved trace elements in the interstitial water. We interpret that OM is the main sorbent of the trace element. In the absence of OM, the iron oxy (hydr)oxides and the silt + clay fraction are a less efficient substitute. Consequently, the interstitial waters of the Reconquista River are enriched in these elements. Therefore, minor changes in the environmental conditions may generate significant release of hazardous trace elements from the sediments to the interstitial water and, in turn, to the surficial water of the river. As most of the big cities and the agricultural activities of Argentina are developed on the loessic substrate, the understanding of its interaction with polluted waters is crucial.

Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology features a time- and cost-effective interrogation format for the discovery of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. To develop DEL platforms, the implementation of water-compatible transformations that facilitate the incorporation of multifunctional building blocks (BBs) with high C(sp3) carbon counts is integral for success. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom termination through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. In a further photoredox-catalyzed hydroarylation protocol, the coupling of functionalized, electronically unbiased olefins is achieved under air and within minutes of blue light irradiation through the intermediacy of reactive (hetero)aryl radical species with full retention of the DNA tag integrity. Notably, these processes operate under mild reaction conditions, furnishing complex structural scaffolds with a high density of pendant functional groups.

Ulva lactuca: A bioindicator for anthropogenic contamination and its environmental remediation capacity.

Coastal regions are subjected to degradation due to anthropogenic pollution. Effluents loaded with variable concentrations of heavy metal, persistent organic pollutant, as well as nutrients are discharged in coastal areas leading to environmental degradation. In the past years, many scientists have studied, not only the effect of different contaminants on coastal ecosystems but also, they have searched for organisms tolerant to pollutants that can be used as bioindicators or for biomonitoring purposes. Furthermore, many researchers have demonstrated the capacity of different marine organisms to remove heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, as well as to reduce nutrient concentration, which may lead to eutrophication. In this sense, Ulva lactuca, a green macroalgae commonly found in coastal areas, has been extensively studied for its capacity to accumulate pollutants; as a bioindicator; as well as for its remediation capacity. This paper aims to review the information published regarding the use of Ulva lactuca in environmental applications. The review was focused on those studies that analyse the role of this macroalga as a biomonitor or in bioremediation experiments.

Photoinduced 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with organotrifluoroborate nucleophiles via radical/polar crossover.

Alkene 1,2-dicarbofunctionalizations are highly sought-after transformations as they enable a rapid increase of molecular complexity in one synthetic step. Traditionally, these conjunctive couplings proceed through the intermediacy of alkylmetal species susceptible to deleterious pathways including ß-hydride elimination and protodemetalation. Herein, an intermolecular 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization using alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimide redox-active esters as radical progenitors and organotrifluoroborates as carbon-centered nucleophiles is reported. This redox-neutral, multicomponent reaction is postulated to proceed through photochemical radical/polar crossover to afford a key carbocation species that undergoes subsequent trapping with organoboron nucleophiles to accomplish the carboallylation, carboalkenylation, carboalkynylation, and carboarylation of alkenes with regio- and chemoselective control. The mechanistic intricacies of this difunctionalization were elucidated through Stern-Volmer quenching studies, photochemical quantum yield measurements, and trapping experiments of radical and ionic intermediates.

A virtual biobank for companion animals: A parvovirus pilot study.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of national population data concerning infectious disease in companion animals. Here, we piloted the feasibility of linking diagnostic laboratories, population surveillance and modern sequencing approaches to extract targeted diagnostic samples from laboratories before they were discarded, as a novel route to better understand national epidemiology of major small animal pathogens. METHODS: Samples tested for canine or feline parvovirus were requested from a national veterinary diagnostic laboratory and analysed by Sanger or next generation sequencing. Samples were linked to electronic health data held in the SAVSNET database. RESULTS: Sequences obtained from positive samples, together with associated metadata, provided new insights into the recent geographical distribution of parvovirus strains in circulation in the United Kingdom (UK). CONCLUSIONS: This collaboration with industry represents a 'National Virtual Biobank' that can rapidly be called on, to efficiently add new layers of epidemiological information of relevance to animal, and potentially human, population health.

Transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound vs routine care before instrumental vaginal delivery - A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The role of intrapartum ultrasound as an ancillary method to instrumental vaginal delivery is yet to be determined. This study aimed to compare the use of transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound with routine clinical care before performing an instrumental vaginal delivery, regarding the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2016 and March 2019 in two tertiary care maternity hospitals in Lisbon, Portugal. Women at term, with full cervical dilatation, singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation, and with an established indication for instrumental vaginal delivery, were approached for enrollment. After informed consent was obtained, randomization into one of two groups was carried out. In the experimental arm, women underwent transabdominal ultrasound for determination of the fetal head position and transperineal ultrasound for evaluation of the angle of progression, before instrumental vaginal delivery. In the control arm, no ultrasound was carried out before instrumental vaginal delivery. Primary outcomes were composite measures of maternal and neonatal morbidity. Composite maternal morbidity consisted of severe postpartum hemorrhage, perineal trauma, and prolonged hospital stay. Composite neonatal morbidity consisted of low 5-minute Apgar score, umbilical artery metabolic acidosis, birth trauma, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. RESULTS: A total of 222 women were enrolled (113 in the experimental arm and 109 in the control arm). No significant differences between the two arms were found in composite measures of maternal (23.9% in the experimental group vs 22.9% in the control group, odds ratio 1.055, 95% CI 0.567-1.964) or neonatal morbidity (9.7% in the experimental group vs 6.4% in the control group, odds ratio 1.571, 95% CI 0.586-4.215), nor in any of the individual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In this small randomized controlled trial that was stopped for futility before reaching the required sample size, transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound performed just before instrumental vaginal delivery did not reduce the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, when compared with routine clinical care.

Validação de cenários simulados para estudantes de enfermagem: avaliação e tratamento de Lesão por Pressão / Validation of simulated scenarios for nursing students: assessment and treatment of Pressure Ulcers

Objetivo: validar cenários simulados para ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes de enfermagem sobre avaliação e tratamento de Lesão por Pressão. Método: estudo metodológico, com cenários construídos por meio do referencial de Fabri e normas de práticas recomendadas da International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning. A seleção dos juízes seguiu os critérios de Fehring e snowball technique, a coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas conforme Delphi. A análise dos resultados considerou o nível de concordância 0,80. Resultados: dois cenários foram validados resultando o Scale-Level Content Validity Index global maior que 0,80; ambos compõem itens sobre o conhecimento prévio do aprendiz, objetivo geral e específicos de aprendizagem, fundamentação teórica, responsáveis, complexidade, documentação, Briefing, tema, recursos humanos e materiais, público-alvo, treino da equipe, Debriefing e avaliação. Conclusões: cenários simulados foram validados para o ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes de enfermagem, para avaliar e tratar Lesão por Pressão no contexto hospitalar e domiciliar.

Objective: to validate simulated scenarios for the teaching and learning of nursing students about the assessment and treatment of Pressure Ulcers. Method: methodological study, with scenarios built using Fabri's reference and standards of best practices from the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning. The selection of judges followed the Fehring criteria and snowball technique, and data collection took place in two stages according to Delphi. The analysis of the results considered the level of agreement of 0.80. Results: two scenarios have been validated resulting in a global Scale-Level Content Validity Index greater than 0.80; both have items about the learner's prior knowledge, general and specific learning objectives, theoretical foundation, responsible persons, complexity, documentation, briefing, topic, human and material resources, target audience, team training, debriefing, and assessment. Conclusions: the simulated scenarios have been validated for the teaching-learning of nursing students to assess and treat Pressure Ulcers in the hospital and home context.

Rehabilitation of unilateral peripheral facial paralysis in Guillain-Barré: a case study / Reabilitação de paralisia facial periférica unilateral em Guillain-Barré: estudo de caso

ABSTRACT Facial palsies have multiple etiologies, but have in common the negative impact not only on the functions of the stomatognathic system but also on the self-image and emotional expression. This article aimed to describe a case study of unilateral peripheral facial palsy caused by the Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Hence, it shares assessment and intervention experiences related to this type of change and presents its functional results. It also highlights the important role of the interdisciplinary team (which comprised a physiatrist, physical therapist, speech-language-hearing therapist, occupational therapist, and nurses) to catalyze the patient's evolution and the management of possible complications. Moreover, it is rather important to integrate the patients as members of the rehabilitation team, empowering them and giving them responsibility for the success of the intervention.

RESUMO As paralisias faciais podem ter uma multiplicidade de etiologias, contudo têm em comum o impacto negativo não só para as funções do sistema estomatognático, como também na autoimagem e expressão emocional. O presente artigo tem como objetivo a descrição de um estudo de caso relativo a uma paralisia facial periférica unilateral na sequência de Síndrome de Guillain-Barré. Pretende-se deste modo a partilha de experiência em termos de avaliação e intervenção neste tipo de alterações e a apresentação do respetivo resultado funcional. Ressalta-se, também, o importante papel da equipa interdisciplinar (composta por médico fisiatra, fisioterapeuta, fonoaudiólogo, terapeuta ocupacional e equipa de enfermagem) enquanto catalisador para a evolução e na gestão de eventuais intercorrências. Salienta-se, ainda, a importância da integração do paciente enquanto membro da equipa de reabilitação, empoderando-o e responsabilizando-o pelo sucesso da intervenção.