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Calcium sulphate (plaster of Paris) has been used since 1892 to fill bone defects and as a good bone graft substitute. Calcium sulphate is an osteoconductive, inorganic substance. Following 75 years, many other authors reported variable and a better result in grafting of bone defects and in several cases of immediate and delayed dental implants for good osseointegrations, with no complications attributed to the calcium sulphate. Early results were variable, because of its conflicting crystalline structure, purity, and quality of the calcium sulphate. Apart from this, calcium sulphate also shows predictable resorption rate in vivo, presence of minimal trace elements and extremely uniform crystalline structure. Calcium sulphate is a bio-inert material and get resorbed over a period of weeks and fibrovascular tissue takes its place which eventually allows neovascularization and bone formation within the area. Use During the conventional surgical treatment addition of calcium sulphate as a bone graft of in case of placement of dental implants and pathological bony defects it improves the clinical outcome. Calcium sulphate also act as a barrier and filling material for the treatment of "through and through" bony lesions. Use of calcium sulphate as a bone graft substitute avoids the complications and morbidity associated with autograft like infection, second surgery.
RESUMO
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. Important factors in the etiopathogenesis of AD include genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and gut and skin dysbiosis. Probiotics could be a potential preventive strategy for allergies including AD through immune system modulation as well as enhancement of the epithelial barrier integrity. To further understand the role of probiotics in the management of AD, a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey was conducted. Materials and methods A steering committee comprising nine experts formulated consensus recommendations on the role of probiotics in the management of AD and associated flare-ups through the use of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices questionnaire while analyzing literature reviews and responses from a national panel consisting of 175 members. The evidence strength and quality were evaluated based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria. The acceptance of expert opinions as recommendations was considered upon receiving an endorsement from ≥70% of the panelists, as indicated by a Likert scale. Results The national panel emphasized that the improvement in nutritional status, immunomodulatory properties, and beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and skin support the use of probiotics in AD. The panel agreed that probiotics should be a part of the complementary therapy in the management of AD and associated flare-ups. Mostly, a probiotics supplementation duration of eight to 12 weeks is preferred by dermatologists. Probiotics, when used as an adjuvant therapy, may serve as a strategy to reduce steroid usage or maintenance therapy in high-risk cases with flares. Conclusion A Delphi-mediated KAP response provides a real-life approach to the use of probiotics in the management of AD. It suggests that probiotics could be useful as an adjuvant therapy in the management of AD and associated flare-ups when used along with traditional treatment.
RESUMO
Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery deals with wide range of oral defects, wound closure, tissue resection, and tissue reconstruction. The purpose of our study is to use amniotic membrane for closure of post surgery defect in patient of oral submucous fibrosis to utilize its growth factor and scaffold nature for effective healing and to evaluate effectiveness of amniotic membrane in treatment outcome. The objectives are to compare post-operative mouth opening, healing of amniotic membrane and buccal fat pad. Material and Method: Diagnosed patients with OSMF are divided into two surgical site Group I (n = 5patients)-Left side buccal mucosa in which resection of fibrous band with coronoidectomy followed by reconstruction of the mucosal defect with BFP. Group II-Right side buccal mucosa in which resection of fibrous band with coronoidectomy followed by reconstruction of the mucosal defect with freeze dried irradiated amniotic membrane. Result: This study suggested that in comparison to buccal fat pad flap, the HAM graft is a better option for oral reconstruction in terms of infection, graft failure, MMO, inflammation, pain. Outcome indicated that the HAM is biologically ideal graft for oral wounds and could be used as clinical alternative for various repair surgery for oral defects. Conclusion: The amniotic membrane was found easy to handle and easy to use with inherent hemostatic property which is observed in all patients. No patients had shown any evidence of any complications. Good pain control observed in patients throughout postoperative period.
RESUMO
The Black pediatric population is one that has been historically underserved and continues to have unmet needs. Factors including lack of diversity in orthopaedic studies and in historical standards, such as bone age, may inadvertently lead to inferior care. There are certain conditions in this population for which the practicing orthopaedic surgeon should have a higher degree of suspicion, including slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Blount disease, and postaxial polydactyly. Systemic diseases with higher rates in this population have orthopaedic manifestations, including sickle cell disease, vitamin D deficiency, and obesity. Racial discrepancies in access to prenatal care can have orthopaedic consequences for babies, especially cerebral palsy and myelodysplasia. Racial discrepancy exists in evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. Increased awareness of these issues better prepares practitioners to provide equitable care.