Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor: A Case Report of A Benign Intracranial Lesion Masquerading as Seizure Disorder.

The uncommon, benign dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET, WHO grade 1) is frequently linked to epilepsy. It is a glioneuronal neoplasm in the cerebral cortex of children or young adults defined by the presence of a pathognomonic glioneuronal element that may be linked to glial nodules and activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) (CNS WHO grade 1 according to WHO classification of CNS and pituitary tumors, 2021 ). The cerebral cortex is primarily affected. The most frequent areas are the temporal lobe, particularly the medial lobe, frontal lobe, and other cortex. This study reports the instance of a 31-year-old male who had a history of seizures for the past 20 years and complained of a sudden headache and vomiting at the hospital. MRI revealed a cortical-based lesion in the left posterior temporo-occipital region. A biopsy sample was sent for histopathological examination. DNETs are usually benign, non-recurring lesions and rarely can be a malignant transformation. Although they are frequently stable tumors, surgical excision seldom results in recurrence.

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Pathophysiology and Contemporary Management Strategies: A Narrative Review.

In the case of PIH, the history is the story of gradually developing awareness and the gradual formation of requisite knowledge. The development of the sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure cuff, in the late 1700s, provided the basis for modern systematic blood pressure reporting for Gravid patients. In the following years and over a few decades, the relationship between high blood pressure and these complications, such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, became clearer. The hypertensive disease was categorized by the American Committee on Maternal Welfare in 1952, which included PIH, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia. Today, attention is being paid to the identification of such factors, the search for ways to enhance the treatment of diseases, methods for their diagnosis, and the enhancement of pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy can cause high blood pressure in two of the following ways: preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are both part of something called pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). In the world, most problems for moms and babies during pregnancy come from PIH. To help both mom and baby, we need to know a lot about what causes it, how to manage it, and how to watch the baby carefully. Aspects like immune responses, the environment, and genes all mix to cause PIH. They make the placenta not work right. When the cells that help the placenta grow don't do their job well, when blood vessels are stiff, when there's too much stress on the body, or when there's not a good balance of chemicals that help build blood vessels, things can get bad. Blood vessels all over the body squeeze tight, blood flow goes down, and blood pressure goes up. That can make a lot of organs stop working right and stop the baby from healthy growth. Various studies concluded that PIH severely limits the blood flow to the placenta and thus contributes to reduced fetal growth. It showed that compared to other hospitals, women who experience PIH are more likely to give birth early before the baby is ready, that is, before 37 weeks, and may cause further health complications to the baby. This normally makes the offspring have low birth weight and exposes them to many complications in infancy and the future in case they are born to mothers with PIH. In severe cases, PIH may lead to the death of the infant either by stillbirth or immediately after birth. The researchers have noted several predisposing factors to PIH, which include histories of elevated blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight or obese, and having a family history of PIH. Educating women about the presence of PIH and its causes can help them consult health facilities early, thus helping leaders in achieving better pregnancy results.

A Review of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Insights Into Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare and complex clinical syndrome characterized by the accumulation of mucinous ascites within the peritoneal cavity, typically associated with mucinous tumours of appendiceal origin. Despite its rarity, PMP poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to its indolent yet locally aggressive nature. This comprehensive review provides insights into the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of PMP, synthesizing current evidence and emerging trends in the field. Challenges and opportunities in PMP management are discussed, along with recommendations for clinical practice emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and specialized care. Despite ongoing challenges, advances in surgical techniques, perioperative chemotherapy, and emerging therapies offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for PMP patients.

A Case of Well-Differentiated Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in a Postmenopausal Woman.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is a prevalent malignancy among postmenopausal women, often presenting with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. We present a case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal female who exhibited abnormal vaginal bleeding for three months, accompanied by pelvic pain and unintentional weight loss. Clinical evaluation, including physical examination, imaging studies, and histopathological examination, led to the diagnosis of well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent an abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and histopathological analysis confirmed invasive tumor involvement in the lower uterine segment and cervix. The final pathological tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging was reported as pT1b No Mx, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage II. This case underscores the importance of considering endometrial adenocarcinoma in the differential diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding and highlights the significance of timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management for optimizing patient outcomes.

Beyond the Norm: Navigating a Unique Papillary Carcinoma Journey in Breast Cancer.

The presence of papillary structures inside the tumor is a unique and uncommon characteristic of breast cancer, and it is known as papillary carcinoma. In contrast to other forms of breast cancer, this variant usually manifests as a well-defined mass in imaging investigations and is frequently linked to a good prognosis. We present a case of a 72-year-old female with papillary carcinoma of the breast identified after presenting with a palpable breast lump. Following a left simple mastectomy and adjuvant treatment, the presence of papillary structures inside the tumor was verified by a histopathological study. Understanding the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast papillary carcinoma is crucial for precise diagnosis and suitable therapy strategizing. More research is required to further understand the molecular traits and best practices for treating this uncommon subtype of breast cancer.

Assessment of prescription pattern of under-five diarrhea cases in Western Odisha.

Introduction: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among under-five children. Prescription review by the authorities of the health facilities every month for the improvement of the quality of prescription writing of Medical practitioners is very essentials. With this background, the present study was conducted to assess the prescription patterns of healthcare providers for under-five diarrhea cases and to study the factors responsible for nonadherence to protocol of prescription patterns. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the health facilities of two aspirational districts of Odisha. All secondary- and tertiary-level health institutions with 2-3 randomly selected PHCs of that blocks of the two districts were the study units. Mixed methods were used for data collection. Primary data were collected by in-depth interview of doctor and pharmacist. Secondary data were collected by review of records such as OPD ticket, IPD ticket, OPD register, dispensing register, and stock registers. Results: Of the 64 health facilities visited, a total of 516 prescriptions [217 (42%)] scanned/carbon copy of OPD ticket, 238 (46%) data from register on drug prescription, and 61 (11.8%) IPD record data were collected. Duration of diarrhea illness was not mentioned in any of the prescriptions which is important criteria for classifying the type of diarrhea and treatment. Signs of dehydration and degree of dehydration were mentioned in very few prescriptions of both the district. For the treatment of diarrhea cases, 2 to 4 medicines were prescribed in majority of 146 (67.3%), followed by more than four medicines in 38 (17.5%) prescriptions, and less than two medicines were prescribed in 33 (15.2%) cases. All prescriptions from MCH and SDH had ORS and zinc. Though all of them knew about the management protocol as per IMNCI, to be on the safe onside they used to prescribe more medicines to under-five diarrhea cases. None had the knowledge on five types of management plan. Conclusion: For under-five diarrhea cases, care should be taken to write the detail examination finding, weight of the child, associated comorbid condition, and advice on feeding in the prescription.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation to reduce opioid consumption in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in the postoperative treatment of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair compared with sham and no treatment group. METHODS: This study is a protocol for a three-armed, single-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial. Ninety participants scheduled for inguinal hernia repair will be randomly assigned to the TEAS group (n = 30), sham group (n = 30), and control group (n = 30). The TEAS group will receive treatment using four portable coin-sized electro-stimulators at both local and distal acupuncture points. The sham group will receive sham treatment with mock electrostimulation. The treatment groups will receive mixed frequency stimulation (alternating at 2 and 100 Hz every 3 s) in continuous mode for 30 min at intervals of 2 h for 24 h postoperatively. The control group will receive postoperative pain control using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. The primary outcome is the total morphine dose received in the postoperative period (mg) using PCA 24 h after surgery. The number of PCA demands (i.e., times the button will be pressed) and delivered bolus doses, score on the Visual Analogue Scale, opioid-related side effects, the requirement for supplemental medications, score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and blood levels of stress hormones cortisol and prolactin. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will determine whether TEAS with intensified stimulation protocol is a safe and effective option for reducing analgesic consumption and postoperative pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN76428396. Registered on 05 October 2020. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76428396.

Study of Histopathological Changes in the Placenta in Preeclampsia.

Pregnancy disorders include, most commonly, hypertensive disorders, which include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. Various etiological factors prove to be both risks as well as protective factors, which include genetic factors, maternal smoking (it is inversely related to preeclampsia; that is, smoking decreases the incidence of preeclampsia), and other medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and others, including older maternal age and high body mass index. Usually, high maternal and fetal mortality rates are seen with the diagnosis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and severe morbidity is seen in cases of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count), along with raised levels of liver enzymes and blood disorders such as low platelet counts. Preeclampsia is considered one of the most serious consequences of pregnancy. These disorders are often presented as newly diagnosed high blood pressure and proteinuria during the last trimester. But it can prove to be fatal for both the mother and the fetus. Though the causative factors of preeclampsia are still unknown, specific clinical and histopathological researchers propose that preeclampsia can be due to pathological changes in the placenta. The basic aim of this article is to discuss various histopathological changes in the placenta due to preeclampsia, but minor topics that affect the pathophysiology of the placenta due to preeclampsia are also mentioned. Furthermore, the effective management of maternal syndrome complications in pregnancy has also been discussed.

Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Related Syndromes.

In this article, we will get to know about the parathyroid hormone and the parathyroid gland. Its anatomy, physiology, and pathology will be delved into. There will be a brief discussion about its secretion and also about various clinical syndromes related to it. Parathormone, the parathyroid glands, regulate normal calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. An increase in the secretion of parathormone results in increased calcium uptake from the kidney, intestine, and bones, hence elevating the blood calcium level. A few mechanisms of action of this hormone are increased by the presence of vitamin D. The increase in the secretion of this hormone as compared to the normal levels is termed hyperparathyroidism. Incidence is maximum after 60 years of age. The ratio of females to males is 2:1. There are three types of hyperparathyroidism which will be described in this article. Clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism include skeletal disease, renal involvement, GI manifestations, psychiatric diseases, decreased neuro-muscular irritability, decreased deep tendon reflexes, muscular weakness, and atrophy. Assessment for hyperparathyroidism can be done by various diagnostic tests which are described further in this article. Medical/surgical management to cure this is also well-established nowadays. The decrease in the secretion of this hormone as compared to normal levels is termed hypoparathyroidism. Serum calcium levels are very low, serum phosphate levels are very high, and tetany can develop. The incidence is that females are more prone than males. Assessment for acute hypoparathyroidism will show positive Chvostek sign and trousseau sign, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and paresthesia. Assessment of chronic hypoparathyroidism will show lethargy, weakness, fatigue, cataracts, brittle nails, dry scaly skin, personality changes, and can even cause permanent brain damage. The normal secretion process of this hormone and diseases when its secretion becomes abnormal and why that happens are briefed in this article.

Pathophysiological Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease.

Worldwide elderly people are being affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia. The risk for the development of dementia is higher in people with DM. DM causes a marked cognitive reduction and increases the risk of dementia, most commonly vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. People affected by DM and dementia seem to be at higher risk for intense hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia, the complication of DM treatment, is believed as an independent risk factor for dementia in people with DM. Both Alzheimer's disease and DM are linked with decreased insulin secretion, reduced uptake of glucose, raised oxidative stress, angiopathy, activation of the apoptotic pathway, aging, abnormal peroxidation of lipids, increased production of advanced glycation end products and tau phosphorylation, brain atrophy, and decreased fat metabolism. In this paper, we will review the association between Alzheimer's disease and DM. In addition, we will discuss the agents that enhance the risk for dementia in elderly people with DM and how to prevent the development of cognitive dysfunction in DM.

Large-Scale Proteomic Analysis of Follicular Lymphoma Reveals Extensive Remodeling of Cell Adhesion Pathway and Identifies Hub Proteins Related to the Lymphomagenesis.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the major subtype of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) and results from the malignant transformation of mature B-cells in lymphoid organs. Although gene expression and genomic studies have identified multiple disease driving gene aberrations, only a few proteomic studies focused on the protein level. The present work aimed to examine the proteomic profiles of follicular lymphoma vs. normal B-cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to gain deep insight into the most perturbed pathway of FL. The cells of interest were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). High-throughput proteomic profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and allowed to identify of 6724 proteins in at least 75% of each group of samples. The 'Total Protein Approach' (TPA) was applied to the absolute quantification of proteins in this study. We identified 1186 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between FL and control samples, causing an extensive remodeling of several molecular pathways, including the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, cellular adhesion molecules, and PPAR pathway. Additionally, the construction of protein-protein interactions networks (PPINs) and identification of hub proteins allowed us to indicate the key player proteins for FL pathology. Finally, ICAM1, CD9, and CD79B protein expression was validated in an independent cohort by flow cytometry (FCM), and the results were consistent with the mass spectrometry (MS) data.

Clinical Characteristics, Preventive Care and Attitude to Telemedicine among Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent and one of the most severe complications of both types of diabetes. Despite the development of versatile diabetes management programs in most developed countries, many patients remain at increased risk for developing this life-limiting and life-threatening condition. This cross-sectional analysis objective was to examine and compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and comorbidities, as well as the clinical characteristics, prevention patterns, and attitude to telemedicine in patients with diabetes. We found that, when compared to the non-DR group, patients with DR significantly more often utilize clinical preventive services and counseling; however, there is still a significant gap in the receipt of preventative care. Moreover, in the DR subgroup, inadequate diabetic control and the presence of various signs and symptoms of diseases were observed. Although less than a fifth of all patients use mobile applications to monitor their health status, the patients indicate their willingness to use telemedical technology, particularly if it is recommended by the physician and provided without additional costs. The evolution of telemedicine offers a possibility of inexpensive, continuous monitoring of the disease that could improve treatment outcomes. Our observations emphasize DR's perception as a complex disease in which education and continuous monitoring, particularly with telemedicine methods, are critical for further improvement in chronic care.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Reduces Postoperative Analgesic Requirement in Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Given the rising rate of opioid-related adverse drug events during postsurgical pain management, a nonpharmacologic therapy that could decrease analgesic medication requirements would be of immense value. We designed a prospective, placebo-and-randomized controlled trial to assess the clinical effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TEAS) on the postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) requirement for morphine, as well as side effects and recovery profile after inguinal hernia repair. Seventy-one subjects undergoing inguinal hernia repair with a standardized anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to one of three analgesic treatment regimens: PCA + TEAS (n = 24); PCA + sham-TEAS (no electrical stimulation) (n = 24), and PCA only (n = 23). The postoperative PCA requirement, pain scores, opioid-related side effects, and blood cortisol levels were recorded. TEAS treatment resulted in a twofold decrease in the analgesic requirement and decreased pain level reported by the patients. In addition, a significant reduction of cortisol level was reported in the TEAS group at 24 h postoperatively compared to the sham and control groups. We conclude that TEAS is a safe and effective option for reducing analgesic consumption and postoperative pain following inguinal hernia repair.

Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings.

Facilitating resolution of inflammation using atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR) as an anticancer strategy is considered but requires a deeper understanding of receptor role in carcinogenesis. We aimed at transcriptional analysis (RTqPCR) of ACKR2 and ACKR4 expression in colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence in paired normal-neoplastic tissues from 96 polyps and 51 cancers. On average, ACKR2 was downregulated in neoplastic as compared to non-affected tissue in polyp (by 2.7-fold) and cancer (by 3.1-fold) patients. The maximal downregulation (by 8.2-fold) was observed in adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy and was gradually lessening through cancer stages I-IV, owing to increased receptor expression in tumors. On average, ACKR4 was significantly downregulated solely in adenocarcinomas (by 1.5-fold), less so in patients with lymph node metastasis, owing to a gradual decrease in ACKR4 expression among N0-N1-N2 cancers in non-affected tissue without changes in tumors. In adenomas, ACKR4 downregulation in neoplastic tissue increased with increasing potential for malignancy and contribution of villous growth pattern. ACKR4 expression increased in non-affected tissue with a concomitant decrease in pathological mucosa. In conclusion, the changes in ACKRs expression occur already in precancerous colorectal lesions, culminating in the adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy. Therefore, chemoprevention by manipulating ACKRs' expression is worth exploration.

A comparative study of osteopontin expression, Ki67 index and prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma and cysts of the oral cavity.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown a strong relationship between the expression of osteopontin and oral carcinogenesis. Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to play a major role in regulating the aggressiveness of cancer cells and promote tumor growth. Odontogenic cysts are an essential aspect of oral and maxillofacial pathology. They are relatively frequent lesions with different clinical behavior. Some of them may have a proliferative pattern of growth and neoplastic nature. Evaluation of osteopontin expression with Ki-67 index may help examine clinical behavior and recurrence of oral squamous cell cancer and radicular cyst patients. METHODS: A total of 44 oral cavity cancer cases and 21 cysts samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Data used for analysis were derived from medical records. The following information was obtained from all patients' medical records: survival, age, sex, lymph node status, tumor size, and location, as well as grade and histologic type of tumor. Expression status of OPN and Ki-67 was statistically assessed. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that for summary immunoreactive scores of OPN and Ki-67 expressions in OSCC vs. RC patients statistical significance was found for both markers' between OSCC and RC groups. Moreover, osteopontin is significantly higher expressed in larger OSCC tumors. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the role of OPN expression both in oral squamous cancer cells and radicular cyst and possible correlation with demographic and clinicopathological features remain undetermined in some aspects, further high-powered studies to develop a more standardized assessment of Ki-67 and osteopontin expression in OSCC and are needed.

ARID1A/BAF250a is significantly overexpressed in primary invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: ARID1A (also known as BAF250a, p270 or SMARCF1) is a major component of the mammalian SWI/SNF family that is involved in the regulation of the chromatin structure. ARID1A gene mutations have been associated with many types of malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression of BAF250a protein in breast cancer and its association with the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer. METHODS: We assessed the BAF250a expression in 119 invasive breast carcinomas samples and 92 healthy control and correlated this expression pattern with various clinical and pathologic parameters including histologic type and grade, tumor size, lymph node status, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status. Immunohistochemical analysis of BAF250a, ER, PR, was carried out, and evaluation of stainings was performed. RESULTS: The mean value of BAF250a expression in the experimental group was higher than in healthy control (P=0.001). The expression is unrelated to age, menopausal status, lymph node status, tumor size and location, grade and histologic type of tumor, and hormonal status (ER, PR). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that BAF250a is overexpressed in breast cancers. BAF250a may play context-dependent tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer.

Insulin enhancement of the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer is linked with downregulating PIK3CA and GRB2.

The present state of cancer chemotherapy is unsatisfactory. New anticancer drugs that marginally improve the survival of patients continue to be developed at an unsustainably high cost. The study aimed to elucidate the effects of insulin (INS), an inexpensive drug with a convincing safety profile, on the susceptibility of colon cancer to chemotherapeutic agents: 5-fluorouracil (FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), irinotecan (IRI), cyclophosphamide (CPA) and docetaxel (DOC). To examine the effects of insulin on cell viability and apoptosis, we performed an in vitro analysis on colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW480. To verify the results, we performed in vivo analysis on mice bearing MC38 colon tumors. To assess the underlying mechanism of the therapy, we examined the mRNA expression of pathways related to the signaling downstream of insulin receptors (INSR). Moreover, we performed Western blotting to confirm expression patterns derived from the genetic analysis. For the quantification of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood, we used the maintrac method. The results of our study show that insulin-pretreated colon cancer cells are significantly more susceptible to commonly used chemotherapeutics. The apoptosis ratio was also enhanced when INS was administered complementary to the examined drugs. The in vivo study showed that the combination of INS and FU resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of the number of circulating tumor cells. This combination caused a significant downregulation of the key signaling substrates downstream of INSR. The results indicate that the downregulation of PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha), which plays a critical role in cell signaling and GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2), a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation may be responsible for the sensitizing effect of INS. These findings were confirmed at protein levels by Western blotting. In conclusion, these results suggest that INS might be potentially applied to clinical use to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs. The findings may become a platform for the future development of new and inexpensive strategies for the clinical chemotherapy of tumors.

Differentiation of single lymphoma primary cells and normal B-cells based on their adhesion to mesenchymal stromal cells in optical tweezers.

We have adapted a non-invasive method based on optical tweezers technology to differentiate between the normal B-cells and the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) cells derived from clinical samples. Our approach bases on the nascent adhesion between an individual B-cell and a mesenchymal stromal cell. In this study, a single B-cell was trapped and optically seeded on a mesenchymal stromal cell and kept in a direct contact with it until a stable connection between the cells was formed in time scale. This approach allowed us to avoid the introduction of any exogenous beads or chemicals into the experimental setup which would have affected the cell-to-cell adhesion. Here, we have provided new evidence that aberrant adhesive properties found in transformed B-cells are related to malignant neoplasia. We have demonstrated that the mean time required for establishing adhesive interactions between an individual normal B-cell and a mesenchymal stromal cell was 26.7 ± 16.6 s, while for lymphoma cell it was 208.8 ± 102.3 s, p < 0.001. The contact time for adhesion to occur ranged from 5 to 90 s and from 60 to 480 s for normal B-cells and lymphoma cells, respectively. This method for optically controlled cell-to-cell adhesion in time scale is beneficial to the successful differentiation of pathological cells from normal B-cells within the fine needle aspiration biopsy of a clinical sample. Additionally, variations in time-dependent adhesion among subtypes of B-NHL, established here by the optical trapping, confirm earlier results pertaining to cell heterogeneity.

Oversecretion and Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Colony-Enhancing Factor/Visfatin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reflects the Disease Activity, Severity of Inflammatory Response and Hypoxia.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase's (Nampt) association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. The study was aimed at unraveling Nampt's clinical and diagnostic relevance. The serum concentration (Luminex-xMAP® technology) was measured in 113 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 127 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 60 non-IBD controls: 40 healthy individuals and 20 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The leukocyte (44 CD/37 UC/19 IBS) and bowel expression (186 samples) was also evaluated (RT-qPCR). All were referred to IBD phenotype, activity, treatment, and inflammatory/nutritional/angiogenic/hypoxia indices. Serum-Nampt and leukocyte-Nampt were positively correlated and were more elevated in active-IBD than in IBS, with leukocyte-Nampt being a fair differential marker. Serum-Nampt in UC positively correlated with its clinical and endoscopic activity as well as with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Serum-Nampt ≤1.54 ng/mL was a good indicator of mucosal healing. The expression of Nampt was up-regulated both in inflamed and quiescent colon and reflected, similarly to leukocyte-Nampt, the clinical activity of IBD. Bowel-Nampt was independently associated with IL1B and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) expression in inflamed bowel but with FGF2 expression in quiescent bowel. In summary, Nampt's elevation in IBD at local and systemic levels, and protein and mRNA levels, reflects IBD activity and is associated with inflammation, hypoxia (active) and tissue repair (inactive disease).