RESUMO
AIM: To compare the prevalence of mutans streptococci (SM) prevalence and categorical distribution in the saliva of high caries-risk children after their 24 months exposure to 25% xylitol toothpaste applied twice a day. To also examine the early caries susceptibility at baseline. BACKGROUND: An observational design with two times of collection. A total of 270 mother-infant dyads (mean age of infant 6.7 months) were initially recruited. At baseline, a dental exam looked for any early clinical signs of caries, and saliva collections were performed to assess SM prevalence. Two years later, other saliva collections were performed on a residual sample of 102 young children at the endpoint. METHODS: Two hundred four saliva samples were analysed with Dentocult, a commercial kit estimating in four categories, the SM distribution, expressed as the number of colonies forming units per milliliter of saliva (CFU/ml). The dental exam used the ICDAS system to include initial carious lesions (d1-2). The dentist administrated a maternal socio-economic questionnaire as the study collector. CONCLUSION: A domestic strategy using a natural toothpaste containing 25% of xylitol as a vehicle, and tooth brushing as a habit, showed a promising antibacterial cariogenic effect. This approach could be a relevant alternative to in-home care to prevent ECC and early SM contamination.