Beyond the acute: pain in long COVID survivors at 1.5 years.

OBJECTIVE: Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms post-acute COVID-19, remains a subject of intense investigation. This study focuses on pain, a common and notable symptom reported by long COVID patients. METHOD: A cohort of 191 individuals, initially diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, was followed up 1.5 years later to assess the frequency, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with pain persistence. RESULTS: Our study revealed that 31.9% of participants experienced at least one persistent pain symptom after 1.5 years. Headache emerged as the most prevalent symptom (29.8%), followed by myalgia (5.8%) and neuropathic pain (4.2%). Factors such as female gender and the presence of neuropathic pain symptom were identified as predictors of long-term headaches. Myalgia, showed associations with headache, arthralgia, and low ferritin levels. Persistent neuropathic pain symptom (4.2%) was linked to older age, female gender, sore throat, and headache. CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the evolution of pain symptoms over time after COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the interconnection between different pain syndromes. This research contributes to understanding the diverse and evolving nature of pain in long COVID survivors, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of persistent pain.

The effect of sleep disorders on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: A multicenter study from Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and to investigate the effects of sleep disorders on quality of life. METHODS: In our multicenter study conducted in Turkey, 1358 PWE were evaluated. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10) were administered. RESULTS: The mean age of 1358 patients was 35.92 ±â€¯14.11 (range, 18-89) years. Seven hundred fifty-one (55.30 %) were women. Some 12.7 % of the patients had insomnia (ISI > 14), 9.6 % had excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10), 46.5 % had poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and 354 patients (26.1 %) had depressive symptoms (BDI > 16). The mean QOLIE-10 score was 22.82 ±â€¯8.14 (10-48). Resistant epilepsy was evaluated as the parameter with the highest risk affecting quality of life Adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 3.714; 95 % confidence interval (CI): [2.440-5.652] < 0.001)). ISI (AOR = 1.184; 95 % CI: [1.128-1.243]; p < 0.001), ESS (AOR = 1.081; 95 % CI: [1.034-1.130]; p < 0.001), PSQI (AOR = 0.928; 95 % CI: [0.867 - 0.994]; p = 0.034), BDI (AOR = 1.106; 95 % CI: [1.084-1.129]; p < 0.001), epilepsy duration (AOR = 1.023; 95 % CI: [1.004-1.041]; p = 0.014), were determined as factors affecting quality of life. SIGNIFICANCE: Sleep disorders are common in PWE and impair their quality of life. Quality of life can be improved by controlling the factors that may cause sleep disorders such as good seizure control, avoiding polypharmacy, and correcting the underlying mood disorders in patients with epilepsy.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Results of Low-Dose Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical data of patients with acute ischemic stroke who received low-dose intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy (0.9 mg/kg; maximum 50 mg) for various reasons, compare the obtained results with those of patients who received standard-dose thrombolytic therapy, and discuss them in light of the literature. Methods: Patients who received IV thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 h of symptom onset between January 2015 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into the low-dose group (0.9 mg/kg; max. 50 mg) and the standard-dose group (0.9 mg/kg; max 90 mg) according to the thrombolytic therapy dose, after which demographic data and clinical results were analyzed. Results: A total of 109 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy (19 patients in the low-dose group and 90 patients in the standard-dose group) were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of good outcome rates (47.4% vs. 52.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of symptomatic and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates. Conclusion: Our study showed similar efficacy and safety for low-dose IV thrombolytic therapy compared with standard-dose IV thrombolytic therapy administered within 4.5 h of symptom onset in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Reversible Intracranial Cytotoxic Edema Associated with COVID-19: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that COVID-19 causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as pathological neuroradiological imaging findings and various neurological symptoms associated with them. These include a range of neurological diseases, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebral vein thrombosis, and polyneuropathies. Herein, we report a case of reversible intracranial cytotoxic edema due to COVID-19, who fully recovered clinically and radiologically. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old male patient presented with a speech disorder and numbness in his hands and tongue, which developed after flu-like symptoms. An appearance compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia was detected in thorax computed tomography. Delta variant (L452R) was positive in the COVID reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR). Cranial radiological imaging revealed intracranial cytotoxic edema, which was thought to be related to COVID-19. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement values in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken on admission were 228 mm2/sec in the splenium and 151 mm2/sec in the genu. During the follow-up visits of the patient, epileptic seizures developed due to intracranial cytotoxic edema. ADC measurement values in the MRI taken on the 5th day of the patient's symptoms were 232 mm2/sec in the splenium and 153 mm2/sec in the genu. ADC measurement values in the MRI taken on the 15th day were 832 mm2/sec in the splenium and 887 mm2/sec in the genu. He was discharged from the hospital on the 15th day of his complaint with a clinical and radiological complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Abnormal neuroimaging findings caused by COVID-19 are quite common. Although not specific to COVID-19, cerebral cytotoxic edema is one of these neuroimaging findings. ADC measurement values are significant for planning follow-up and treatment options. Changes in ADC values in repeated measurements can guide clinicians about the development of suspected cytotoxic lesions. Therefore, clinicians should approach cases of COVID-19 with CNS involvement without extensive systemic involvement with caution.

IVIg-induced headache: prospective study of a large cohort with neurological disorders.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) is frequently used in some neurological diseases and is also the first-line therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of headaches, which is one of the most common side effects of IVIg treatment. METHODS: Patients who received IVIg treatment for neurological diseases were prospectively enrolled in 23 centers. Firstly, the characteristics of patients with and without IVIg-induced headaches were analyzed statistically. Then, patients with IVIg-induced headaches were classified into three subgroups determined by their history: no primary headache, tension-type headache (TTH), and migraine. RESULTS: A total of 464 patients (214 women) and 1548 IVIg infusions were enrolled between January and August 2022. The frequency of IVIg-related headaches was 27.37% (127/464). A binary logistic regression analysis performed with significant clinical features disclosed that female sex and fatigue as a side effect were statistically more common in the IVIg-induced headache group. IVIg-related headache duration was long and affected daily living activities more in patients with migraine compared to no primary headache and TTH groups (p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Headache is more likely to occur in female patients receiving IVIg and those who develop fatigue as a side effect during the infusion. Clinicians' awareness of IVIg-related headache characteristics, especially in patients with migraine, may increase treatment compliance.

Effect of Adiponectin on Acute Experimental Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

AIM: To examine the effect of adiponectin administration on acute brain injury in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study animals were divided into the following four groups: group I, sham (did not undergo surgical intervention and did not receive drugs); group II, the I/R model (received the intervention, but did not receive drugs); group III (I/Radiponectin) (the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 5 mg/kg adiponectin peritoneally 30 minutes after the ischemia); and group IV (I/R-tirofiban)( the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 0.5 mg/kg tirofiban peritoneally 30 minutes after the ischemia). RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin (IL)-1? levels were statistically higher in the I/R group (group II) than in other groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, groups I, III, and IV had significantly lower TNF-? and IL-1? levels after treatment with both tirofiban and adiponectin than group II. No statistically significant difference was found between groups III and IV in terms of TNF-? levels. However, the decreased IL-1? level was more pronounced in group IV (tirofiban) than in other groups. The mean neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly different among the groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly lower in groups III and IV than in group II. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and cerebral protective effects in experimental cerebral I/R injury.

Isolated corpus callosum lesion associated with cytokine storm in COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes many neurological complications such as cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis, myelitis, and demyelinated disease. Here we present a rare complication of COVID-19: an isolated cytotoxic lesion of the splenium of the corpus callosum that occurred during a cytokine storm. It responded well to tocilizumab treatment, with complete regression of the lesion.

How to manage MuSK antibody-positive myasthenic crisis during pregnancy?

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that is characterised by the formation of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. The course of the disease cannot be predicted during pregnancy. A subtype of MG with positive muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (anti-MuSK) antibodies exhibits more localised clinical characteristics and a poor response to treatment compared with the disease subtype that involves positivity for acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Myasthenic crisis is more frequently observed in anti-MuSK-positive myasthenia patients. Anti-MuSK-positive myasthenic crisis management is very difficult and a risky situation during pregnancy. The reported case was 30 years old, female, 9 weeks pregnant and musk antibody positive. She stopped her treatment without asking her doctor because she was planning pregnancy in the 6-month period before her hospitalization. She was intubated for a long time in the intensive care unit due to myasthenic crisis and was very resistant to treatment. During this period, her pregnancy was terminated due to fetal anomaly. Plasmapheresis, IVIg and immunosuppressive treatments were applied. Our patient was discharged after a period of about 10 weeks. We share our treatment management.

The importance of systemic immune-inflammation index in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the importance of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study planned as a retrospective cohort, the files of the patients who presented with sleep apnea/snoring complaint between 10.01.2017 and 10.01.2021 and underwent polysomnography (PSG) and complete blood count analyses were reviewed. PSG findings (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), mean oxygen saturation) were compared with SII in 194 patients meeting study eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Patients included in this study were divided into 4 groups by AHI value. Statistical difference was detected between the groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and mean oxygen saturation (p < 0.05). There is an approximately 30% positive statistically significant correlation between the severity of OSA and SII (p < 0.001). As for the mean SII values of the AHI groups, it was observed that the more severe AHI is, the higher the mean SII value is. The correlation between SII and the severity of OSA was found to be more significant than the correlation with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between SII and the severity of OSA. This correlation is stronger compared to NLR and PLR. SII can be used to demonstrate the chronic systemic inflammation observed in OSA patients, and can be utilized as a simple and inexpensive biomarker as it can be easily calculated from the parameters present in routine blood analyses.

COVID-19 Positive Stroke Patient With Large Vessel Occlusion in the Epidemic.

COVID-19 disease causes various neurological disorders. Of these, stroke is the most devastating and difficult to manage in epidemic conditions. An increase in the rate of acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized coronavirus patients and stroke with large vessel occlusion due to COVID-19 disease have been reported in recent publications. The management of these patients is difficult and becomes even more challenging in epidemic conditions. A 71-year-old man suddenly developed left-sided weakness while he was hospitalized for COVID-19 disease. Cerebral computed tomographic angiography showed a terminus of the right internal carotid artery. The occluded vessel was completely recanalized by endovascular therapy. Left-sided hemiparesis resolved completely. As a result of this study, cryptogenic stroke was considered in the etiology of stroke. In this report, we present a case of stroke with COVID-19, who developed large vessel occlusion accompanied by splenic infarction while hospitalized due to COVID-19 disease and was successfully treated with endovascular thrombectomy under epidemic conditions.