Patch Test Results to European Baseline Series in Turkey: A Prospective and Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Patch testing with the European Baseline Series (EBS) is an essential diagnostic tool for the assessment of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to describe the most common contact allergens identified with patch testing in Turkey and to establish the distribution of contact allergens among different regions in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve centers consisting of tertiary health care institutions were included in the study. A total of 1169 patients were patch tested with the EBS from 2015 to 2017. RESULTS: A total of 596 patients (51.0%) had 1 or more positive patch test reactions to the EBS. A total of 30.2% (n = 353) of those tested had clinical relevance. Contact sensitivity was more common in young patients. The most common 10 allergens were nickel sulfate (20.4%), followed by textile dye mix (8.6%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), potassium dichromate (8.0%), p-phenylenediamine base (4.5%), balsam of Peru (4.3%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (3.8%), thiuram mix (3.6%), fragrance mix I (3.0%), and methylisothiazolinone (2.9%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive profile of patch test results with the EBS in Turkey. An ongoing decrease in contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone was observed. Textile dye mix and p-phenylenediamine are beginning to pose a new risk in Turkey.

Colchicine may be of therapeutic benefit in prurigo pigmentosa.

Prurigo pigmentosa (PP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease. Neutrophil-mediated inflammation is considered to be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of PP. We consider that colchicine may be an effective agent in the treatment of PP since it exerts an antiinflammatory effect by inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis. Further studies are required to verify whether colchicine is an effective treatment option for PP.

Aggressive periodontitis associated with Kindler syndrome in a large Kindler syndrome pedigree.

Talo-Yildirim T, Acun-Kaya F, Taskesen M, Dündar S, Bozoglan A, Tekin GG, Akdeniz S. Aggressive periodontitis associated with Kindler syndrome in a large Kindler syndrome pedigree. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 56-61. Kindler syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder. The clinical features include aggressive periodontal disease and severe desquamative gingivitis. Five individuals with KS were assessed by oral examination, radiographic analysis and periodontal measurements. All the patients' indexes were recorded prior to periodontal treatment and at the end of the 1th, 3th , 6th, 9th and 12th month respectively. All the patients had improvement of periodontal status and enhancement in index scores. The affected individuals were previously screened for FERMT1 mutations. KS patients' periodontal disease activity could be taken under control with regular follow-up.

Lichen planus secondary to rabies vaccination.

Lichen planus (LP) is a papulosquamous disease withdistinctive clinical manifestations. The etiology of LPremains unknown. Recently, numerous cases of LPdeveloping after hepatitis B, influenza, and combinedDTaP-IPV-MMR vaccine have been described. In thisreport, we present the second case of LP after rabiesvaccination.

Lichenoid drug eruption induced by colchicine: case report.

Lichenoid drug eruption (LDE) is a common cutaneous side effect of drugs including antimalarials, antihypertensives, nonsteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics. The physiopathologic relationship between colchicine treatment and LDE is unclear. There is very little documentation of LDE induced by colchicine in the literature. In this report, we present a case that developed LDE on the abdomen and the legs during the colchicine treatment.

Prevalencia de trastornos de la piel en niños que asisten a la escuela primaria en Diyarbakir, Turquía / Prevalence of skin disorders among primary school children in Diyarbakir, Turkey

Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de dermatosis pediátricas en Diyarbakir, provincia ubicada en la región sudeste de Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal realizado en abril de 2008 en alumnos que asistían a ocho escuelas primarias públicas de Diyarbakir seleccionadas al azar. Se examinó a los alumnos y se les administró un cuestionario para determinar el nivel socioeconómico y las características sociodemográficas. Resultados. Los dermatólogos evaluaron, en total, a 1932 alumnos. De ellos, 953 (49,32%) eran niñas, con una media de edad de 11,06 ± 2,13 años (rango: 6-17 años). La prevalencia puntual global de trastornos de la piel fue del 59,1%. En esta muestra, 776 niños (40,2%) tenían solamente una enfermedad de la piel, mientras que 299 (15,5%) tenían dos, y 67 (3,5%), al menos tres. La prevalencia puntual de los trastornos de la piel fue del 33,1% en los alumnos de primer grado y del 78,9% en los alumnos de octavo grado (p < 0,05). Las enfermedades de la piel más frecuentes fueron en primer lugar el eccema (32,8%), seguido de los trastornos de la pigmentación (17,2%), las infecciones cutáneas (13,4%), los trastornos del cuero cabelludo (10,1%) y el acné vulgar (9,6%). Las infecciones cutáneas, los trastornos de la pigmentación, los trastornos del cabello y del cuero cabelludo y el acné vulgar fueron mucho más frecuentes en las niñas que en los varones (p < 0,05). Además, las infecciones cutáneas fueron mucho más habituales en los alumnos pupilos que en los medio pupilos (p < 0,05). Conclusión. Los trastornos de la piel afectaron al 59,1% de los niños estudiados, y se observaron con mayor frecuencia en las niñas y en los pupilos. Es necesario prestar mayor atención a estos grupos a la hora de formular medidas preventivas.

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood dermatoses in Diyarbakir, which is located in the southeastern region of Turkey. Material and Method. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2008 among students of eight randomly selected public primary schools in Diyarbakir. Students were examined and questionnaire was applied to determine socioeconomic levels and socio-demographic features. Results. A total of 1932 students were examined by dermatologists. Nine hundred and fifty three (49.32%) girls, mean age was 11.06±2.13 (range 6-17). The overall point prevalence of skin disorders was 59.1%. Among this sample 776 children (40.2%) had only one skin disease whereas 299 (15.5%) had two and 67 (3.5%) had at least three. The point prevalence of skin disorders was 33.1% among students in grade 1 and 78.9% among students in grade 8 (p<0.05). The most common skin disease was eczema (32.8%), followed by pigmentation disorders (17.2%), skin infections (13.4%), scalp disorders (10.1%) and acne vulgaris (9.6%). Infectious skin problems, pigmentation disorders, hair and scalp disorders and acne vulgaris were more common among girls compared to boys (p<0.05). In addition, infectious skin problems were more common among boarders (p<0.05) compared to day students. Conclusion. Skin disorders affected 59.1% of the studied children. Skin disorders were more common among girls and boarders in this study, this group of children should be given specific attention in formulating preventive measures.

Demographical and Clinical Characteristics of Behcet's Disease in Southeastern Turkey.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the demographic and clinical features of patients with Behcet's disease (BD) in Southeastern Turkey. METHODS: In this study, files of 132 patients with BD (76 females and 56 males) who were diagnosed with BD according to the International Study Group criteria at the Department of Dermatology of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine from 2005 to 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographical and clinical characteristics of the cases were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age of the cases was 32.40 ± 9.4 years (range 15 - 59 years) and male/female ratio was 0.73. The mean age at diagnosis was 28.71 ± 9.1 years. Six cases were diagnosed as juvenile BD (4.45%). Oral aphthous lesions (100%) and genital ulcers (94%) were found to be the most common findings of the disease, followed by pathergy positivity (75%), papulopustular lesions (74.2%), erythema nodosum (43.2%), thrombophlebitis (6.8%) and extragenital ulcers (6.1%). Systemic involvement was noted as joint involvement in 79.5%, ocular involvement in 28.8%, vascular involvement in 9.8%, pulmonary involvement in 2.3%, neurologic involvement in 2.3% and genitourinary system involvement in 0.8%. There was no significant difference between mucocutaneous findings and systemic involvement ratios of male and female cases. CONCLUSION: Demographic and clinical features of BD may vary according to geographical region, gender and ethnicity. We hope that this study will contribute to the epidemiologic data of BD which may exhibit different clinical and demographic features in different parts of the world.

Prevalence of skin disorders among primary school children in Diyarbakir, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood dermatoses in Diyarbakir, which is located in the southeastern region of Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2008 among students of eight randomly selected public primary schools in Diyarbakir. Students were examined and questionnaire was applied to determine socioeconomic levels and socio-demographic features. RESULTS: A total of 1932 students were examined by dermatologists. Nine hundred and fifty three (49.32%) girls, mean age was 11.06±2.13 (range 6-17). The overall point prevalence of skin disorders was 59.1%. Among this sample 776 children (40.2%) had only one skin disease whereas 299 (15.5%) had two and 67 (3.5%) had at least three. The point prevalence of skin disorders was 33.1% among students in grade 1 and 78.9% among students in grade 8 (p<0.05). The most common skin disease was eczema (32.8%), followed by pigmentation disorders (17.2%), skin infections (13.4%), scalp disorders (10.1%) and acne vulgaris (9.6%). Infectious skin problems, pigmentation disorders, hair and scalp disorders and acne vulgaris were more common among girls compared to boys (p<0.05). In addition, infectious skin problems were more common among boarders (p<0.05) compared to day students. CONCLUSION: Skin disorders affected 59.1% of the studied children. Skin disorders were more common among girls and boarders in this study, this group of children should be given specific attention in formulating preventive measures.

Ophthalmic manifestations in patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.

BACKGROUND: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a disorder that results from abnormal formation of at least two of the four major ectodermal derivatives in the developing embryo. The ectoderm of the embryo forms the skin, teeth, hair and nails, sweat glands and part of the eyes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to reveal ophthalmologic symptoms and signs as multidisciplinary, reliable criteria for ectodermal dysplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 24 patients with ED were analyzed from the recorded data. Ophthalmological examination of the patients, who had previously received the diagnosis of ED in the dental department, was done. During the examination, ocular symptoms related to tear film, corneal changes, lacrimal duct, periorbital hyperpigmentation, alteration lashes and eyebrows were evaluated. RESULTS: The age ranged between 3-45, and the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) was 15.8 ± 7.4 years. The number of males was 13 (54.2%) and females, 11 (45.8%). Eighteen patients (75.0%) suffered from ocular complaints related to the ocular surface. In 11 of the patients with ED, there were dry eye symptoms. While the mean age of cases with eye involvement was 17.5, it was 23.1 in cases with dry eye symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In the study, it was observed that, in patients with ED, ocular complaints, particularly dry eye symptoms, may increase as age advances.

Occupational skin diseases in automotive industry workers.

CONTEXT: Studies on occupational skin diseases in workers of the automotive industry are few. AIM: To investigate the prevalence of occupational skin diseases in workers of the automotive industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September and December 2011, a total of 405 workers from the automotive repair industry in Diyarbakir were interviewed. They were active workers in the repair industry who had been employed for at least six months. Business owners, sellers of spare parts and accounting officers were not included. The employees were examined at their workplaces and the working conditions were observed. Detailed dermatological examination was performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 405 workers who participated in the study was 27.7 ± 10.3. The mean working time of employees was 13.3 ± 10.4 years. All of the employees were male. Dermatological diseases were not detected in 144 out of 405 workers (35.6%) and at least one condition was diagnosed in 261 (64.4%). The most frequent diagnosis was callus, hyperkeratosis, clavus (27.7%), followed by nail changes (16.8%) and superficial mycoses (12.1%). Contact dermatitis was seen at a rate of 5.9%. DISCUSSION: Traumatic lesions such as hyperkeratotic lesions and nail changes were found most frequently. Traumatic lesions were common among individuals who did not use gloves. Most nail changes were localized leuconychia, a finding not reported in the studies on automotive industry workers. In accordance with the literature, irritant contact dermatitis was observed in patients with a history of atopy and who had been working for a long time. CONCLUSION: Occupational skin diseases comprise an important field in dermatology, deserving much attention. Further studies on occupational dermatology are necessary.

A rare cause of severe periorbital edema and dermonecrotic ulcer of the eyelid in a child: brown recluse spider bite.

Spider bites are a worldwide problem. Brown recluse spider bites can lead to severe local or systemic clinical effects, such as edema, necrotic ulcer, rashes, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, hemolysis, leukocytosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, and death. Eyelid bites from brown recluse spiders are rare. We report a child with severe facial edema and a dermonecrotic ulcer on the eyelid. Upon laboratory examination, leukocytosis with a significant left shift was detected. The patient was treated with antibiotics, systemic corticosteroid and conservative therapy that included saline compresses and ocular lubrication. No surgical excision was required. Vision was not impaired. A dermonecrotic ulcer is a severe complication of brown recluse spider bites. Since the diagnosis is difficult, clinical and epidemiological findings and a detailed history are important for an accurate diagnosis.

Tick infestation of the eyelid: a case report in a child.

A three-year-old girl presented with a small brown lesion on the right upper eyelid margin. Close examination revealed an insect body attached to the eyelid margin. Microscopic examination of the specimen identified the species of the organism as Ixodes ricinus. The tick was completely removed with blunt forceps. She was treated with lid toilet, irrigation, and application of topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin four times daily to the affected eye. The lesion healed without scarring after one week. No systemic symptoms were observed. Mechanical removal with blunt forceps may be a quick, easy, safe and effective treatment for ticks located on the eyelids.

Infantile iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.

High potency or/and extended use of topical corticosteroids, particularly in children, may cause suppression of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis. However, iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in infantile age group is very rare and only a few patients have been reported to date in the literature. Here, we report a case of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in a 6-month-old male child whose parents have admitted to the hospital for overweight and skin fragility.