Unusual liver tumors: spectrum of imaging findings with pathologic correlation.

The liver is a common location for both primary and secondary cancers of the abdomen. Radiologists become familiar with the typical imaging features of common benign and malignant liver tumors; however, many types of liver tumors are encountered infrequently. Due to the rarity of these lesions, their typical imaging patterns may not be easily recognized, meaning their underlying pathologic features may not be discovered or suggested until an invasive biopsy is performed. In this review article, we discuss multiple hepatic neoplasms that are both unusual and rare. Some have typical imaging patterns, whereas others are non-specific and can only be included in the differential diagnosis. The clinical history and serologic findings are often critical in suggesting these entities; therefore, these are also discussed to familiarize the radiologist with the appropriate clinical setting of each. The article includes an image-rich description of each entity with accompanying figures describing the ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features of each disease process. Novel therapies and prognosis of several of the diseases are also included in the discussion.

Characterizing the Racial Discrepancy in Hypoxemia Detection in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Analysis.

PURPOSE: Skin pigmentation influences peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) compared to arterial saturation of oxygen (SaO2). Occult hypoxemia (SaO2 ≤ 88% with SpO2 ≥ 92%) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) patients. We hypothesized VV-ECMO cannulation, in addition to race/ethnicity, accentuates the SpO2-SaO2 discrepancy due to significant hemolysis. METHODS: Adults (≥ 18 years) supported with VV-ECMO with concurrently measured SpO2 and SaO2 measurements from over 500 centers in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (1/2018-5/2023) were included. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine whether race/ethnicity was associated with occult hypoxemia in pre-ECMO and on-ECMO SpO2-SaO2 calculations. RESULTS: Of 13,171 VV-ECMO patients, there were 7772 (59%) White, 2114 (16%) Hispanic, 1777 (14%) Black, and 1508 (11%) Asian patients. The frequency of on-ECMO occult hypoxemia was 2.0% (N = 233). Occult hypoxemia was more common in Black and Hispanic patients versus White patients (3.1% versus 1.7%, P < 0.001 and 2.5% versus 1.7%, P = 0.025, respectively). In multivariable logistic regression, Black patients were at higher risk of pre-ECMO occult hypoxemia versus White patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-2.02, P = 0.001). For on-ECMO occult hypoxemia, Black patients (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.16-2.75, P = 0.008) and Hispanic patients (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.15-2.55, P = 0.008) had higher risk versus White patients. Higher pump flow rates (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.08-1.55, P = 0.005) and on-ECMO 24-h lactate (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03-1.10, P < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of on-ECMO occult hypoxemia. CONCLUSION: SaO2 should be carefully monitored if using SpO2 during ECMO support for Black and Hispanic patients especially for those with high pump flow and lactate values at risk for occult hypoxemia.

Tumor-like conditions that mimic liver tumors.

Non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions of the liver can appear similar to hepatic neoplasms. In many cases, a biopsy is required to confirm the pathology. However, several tumor-like conditions can be correctly diagnosed or suggested prospectively, thus saving patients from unnecessary anxiety and expense. In this image-focused review, we present the ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scan features of eight such entities. Clues that indicate the correct pathology are discussed, and the usual clinical setting is described. Many of these lesions are treated differently from true neoplasms, and the current treatment plan is discussed in many of the cases presented. After reviewing this article, the reader will have a better understanding of these lesions and the situations in which they should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Pharmacokinetics of single-dose rivaroxaban under fed state in obese vs. non-obese subjects: An open-label controlled clinical trial (RIVOBESE-PK).

The evidence of rivaroxaban's pharmacokinetics in obese compared with non-obese populations remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of rivaroxaban between obese and non-obese populations under fed state. Participants who met the study's eligibility criteria were assigned into one of two groups: obese (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) or non-obese (body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). A single dose of rivaroxaban 20 mg was orally administered to each participant. Nine blood samples over 48 h, and multiple urine samples over 18 h were collected and analyzed for rivaroxaban concentration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonlin software. Thirty-six participants were recruited into the study. No significant changes were observed between obese and non-obese participants in peak plasma concentration, time to reach peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve over 48 h or to infinity, elimination rate constant, half-life, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and fraction of drug excreted unchanged in urine over 18 h. Rivaroxaban's exposure was similar between the obese and non-obese subjects, and there were no significant differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. These results suggest that dose adjustment for rivaroxaban is probably unwarranted in the obese population.

Sinefungin analogs targeting VP39 methyltransferase as potential anti-monkeypox therapeutics: a multi-step computational approach.

The increasing spread of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) presents a significant public health challenge, emphasising the urgent requirement for effective treatments. Our study focuses on the VP39 Methyltransferase enzyme of MPXV as a critical target for therapy. By utilising virtual screening, we investigated natural compounds with structural similarities to sinefungin, a broad-acting MTase inhibitor. From an initial set of 177 compounds, we identified three promising compounds-CNP0346326, CNP0343532, and CNP008361, whose binding scores were notably close to that of sinefungin. These candidates bonded strongly to the VP39 enzyme, hinting at a notable potential to impede the virus. Our rigorous computational assays, including re-docking, extended molecular dynamics simulations, and energetics analyses, validate the robustness of these interactions. The data paint a promising picture of these natural compounds as front-runners in the ongoing race to develop MPXV therapeutics and set the stage for subsequent empirical trials to refine these discoveries into actionable medical interventions.

Hemorrhage and thrombosis in COVID-19-patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international study based on the COVID-19 critical care consortium.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue therapy in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19. While bleeding and thrombosis complicate ECMO, these events may also occur secondary to COVID-19. Data regarding bleeding and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients on ECMO are sparse. METHODS: Using the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium database, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adult patients with severe COVID-19 requiring ECMO, including centers globally from 01/2020 to 06/2022, to determine the risk of ICU mortality associated with the occurrence of bleeding and clotting disorders. RESULTS: Among 1,248 COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO support in the registry, coagulation complications were reported in 469 cases (38%), among whom 252 (54%) experienced hemorrhagic complications, 165 (35%) thrombotic complications, and 52 (11%) both. The hazard ratio (HR) for Intensive Care Unit mortality was higher in those with hemorrhagic-only complications than those with neither complication (adjusted HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.28-1.99, p < 0.001). Death was reported in 617 of the 1248 (49.4%) with multiorgan failure (n = 257 of 617 [42%]), followed by respiratory failure (n = 130 of 617 [21%]) and septic shock [n = 55 of 617 (8.9%)] the leading causes. CONCLUSIONS: Coagulation disorders are frequent in COVID-19 ARDS patients receiving ECMO. Bleeding events contribute substantially to mortality in this cohort. However, this risk may be lower than previously reported in single-nation studies or early case reports. Trial registration ACTRN12620000421932 ( https://covid19.cochrane.org/studies/crs-13513201 ).

Premorbid functional status in patients requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery.

Assessment of a patient's functional status prior to undergoing cardiac surgery may be a useful marker for predicting outcomes when postoperative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is required. In this short communication, we present retrospective data on 83 patients at a single center who required V-A ECMO after cardiac surgery. Our results did not show a statistically significant association between premorbid functional status and mortality, though age was predictive of mortality. Future studies should explore other markers of functional status and relationships with additional outcomes.

The impact of biochar addition on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants under drought and salinity stress.

The use of saline water under drought conditions is critical for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions. Biochar is used as a soil amendment to enhance soil properties such as water-holding capacity and the source of nutrition elements of plants. Thus, the research was carried out to assess the impact of biochar treatment on the morphological and physiological characteristics and production of Solanum lycopersicum in greenhouses exposed to drought and saline stresses. The study was structured as a three-factorial in split-split-plot design. There were 16 treatments across three variables: (i) water quality, with freshwater and saline water, with electrical conductivities of 0.9 and 2.4 dS m- 1, respectively; (ii) irrigation level, with 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of total evapotranspiration (ETC); (iii) and biochar application, with the addition of biochar at a 3% dosage by (w/w) (BC3%), and a control (BC0%). The findings demonstrated that salt and water deficiency hurt physiological, morphological, and yield characteristics. Conversely, the biochar addition enhanced all characteristics. Growth-related parameters, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry and wet weight, and leaf gas exchange attributes, such rate of transpiration and photosynthesis, conductivity, as well as leaf relative water content were decreased by drought and salt stresses, especially when the irrigation was 60% ETc or 40% ETc. The biochar addition resulted in a substantial enhancement in vegetative growth-related parameters, physiological characteristics, efficiency of water use, yield, as well as reduced proline levels. Tomato yield enhanced by 4%, 16%, 8%, and 3% when irrigation with freshwater at different levels of water deficit (100% ETc, 80% ETc, 60% ETc, and 40% ETc) than control (BC0%). Overall, the use of biochar (3%) combined with freshwater shows the potential to enhance morpho-physiological characteristics, support the development of tomato plants, and improve yield with higher WUE in semi-arid and arid areas.

Evolution of distal limb perfusion management in adult peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with femoral artery cannulation.

Limb ischaemia is a clinically relevant complication of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) with femoral artery cannulation. No selective distal perfusion or other advanced techniques were used in the past to maintain adequate distal limb perfusion. A more recent trend is the shift from the reactive or emergency management to the pro-active or prophylactic placement of a distal perfusion cannula to avoid or reduce limb ischaemia-related complications. Multiple alternative cannulation techniques to the distal perfusion cannula have been developed to maintain distal limb perfusion, including end-to-side grafting, external or endovascular femoro-femoral bypass, retrograde limb perfusion (e.g., via the posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis or anterior tibial artery), and, more recently, use of a bidirectional cannula. Venous congestion has also been recognized as a potential contributing factor to limb ischaemia development and specific techniques have been described with facilitated venous drainage or bilateral cannulation being the most recent, to reduce or avoid venous stasis as a contributor to impaired limb perfusion. Advances in monitoring techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and duplex ultrasound analysis, have been applied to improve decision-making regarding both the monitoring and management of limb ischaemia. This narrative review describes the evolution of techniques used for distal limb perfusion during peripheral VA ECMO.

Iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy during adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients are at high risk for allogeneic blood transfusion. Few studies have characterized iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy in adult ECMO patients. We hypothesized that iatrogenic phlebotomy would be a significant source of blood loss during ECMO. METHODS: Adults who had their entire ECMO run at our medical center between 2020 and 2022 were included. Average daily phlebotomy volume and total phlebotomy volume during ECMO were estimated based on the total number of laboratory tests that were processed. In addition, the crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume during ECMO and RBC transfusion during ECMO was evaluated using linear regression and Loess curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 161 patients who underwent 162 ECMO runs were included. Of the 162 ECMO runs, 88 (54.3%) were veno-arterial and 74 (45.7%) were veno-venous ECMO. Median duration of ECMO was 5 days [25th, 75th percentile = 2, 11]. Median daily phlebotomy volume was 130 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 94, 170] and median total phlebotomy volume during ECMO was 579 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 238, 1314]. There was a significant crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume and RBC transfusion during ECMO (beta coefficient = 0.0023 and 0.0024 respectively, both p < .001) based on linear regression analysis. DISCUSSION: Phlebotomy for laboratory testing is a significant source of blood loss during ECMO in adults. Comprehensive patient blood management for adult ECMO patients should include strategies to reduce laboratory testing and/or phlebotomy volume during ECMO.

The impact of acute kidney injury stages on the outcomes of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

BACKGROUND: Although acute kidney injury (AKI) has been established as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality for patients on veno-arterial (V-A) extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO), the impact of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stages of AKI has yet to be elucidated as a risk factor. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient outcomes based on KDIGO stages of AKI at a single institution. The analysis was a cohort of 179 patients; 66 without AKI, 19 with stage 1 AKI, 18 with stage 2 AKI, and 76 with stage 3 AKI. RESULTS: Every 1-year increase in age was associated with 4% increased odds of mortality at 30 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 1.07; p = 0.004). The presence of AKI at any stage was associated with 59% increased odds of 30-day mortality (95% CI 0.81, 3.10; p = 0.176). The presence of stage 1 AKI was associated with a 5% decreased odds of 30-day mortality (95% CI 0.32, 2.89). The presence of stage 2 AKI (odds ratio [OR] 2.29, 95% CI 0.69, 7.55; p = 0.173) and stage 3 AKI (OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.81, 3.46; p = 0.164) was associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Based on our single-center study, higher KDIGO stages of AKI likely have increased odds of mortality at 30 days. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Inverse ratio ventilation versus conventional ratio ventilation during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining oxygenation during neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula is difficult. Inverse ratio ventilation can be used during one lung ventilation to improve the oxygenation and lung mechanics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of two different ventilatory strategies (inverse ratio ventilation vs. conventional ratio ventilation) during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula on the incidence of oxygen desaturation episodes. METHODS: We enrolled 40 term neonates undergoing open right thoracotomy for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair and randomly assigned into two groups based on inspiratory to expiratory ratio of mechanical ventilation parameters (2:1 in inverse ratio ventilation "IRV" and 1:2 in conventional ratio ventilation "CRV"). The incidence of desaturation episodes that required stopping the procedure and reinflation of the lung were recorded as the primary outcome while hemodynamic parameters, incidence of complications, and length of surgical procedure were recorded as the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: There was a trend toward a reduction in the incidence of severe desaturations (requiring stopping of surgery) with the use of inverse ratio ventilation (15% in IRV vs. 35% in CRV, RR [95% CI] 0.429 [0.129-1.426]). Incidence of all desaturations (including those requiring only an increase in ventilatory support or inspired oxygen saturation) was also reduced (40% in IRV vs. 75% in CRV, RR [95% CI] 0.533 [0.295-0.965]). This in turn affected the length of surgical procedure being significantly shorter in inverse ratio ventilation group (mean difference -16.3, 95% CI -31.64 to -0.958). The intraoperative fraction of inspired oxygen required to maintain adequate oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the inverse ratio ventilation group than in the conventional ratio ventilation group (mean difference -0.22, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.098), with no significant difference in hemodynamic stability or complications apart from higher blood loss in inverse ratio group. CONCLUSION: There may be a role for inverse ratio ventilation with appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure to reduce the incidence of hypoxemia during open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula in neonates, further studies are required to establish the safety and efficacy of this technique.

Flow diverter stenting for intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population: Two case reports and literature review.

The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is a flow-diverting intraluminal device that is approved for use in adults 18 years or older with internal carotid artery aneurysms. However, it can also be used off-label in pediatric patients with aneurysms that cannot be resolved with traditional endovascular treatments. Herein, we present two cases of flow diversion in the pediatric population with complete obliteration of the aneurysm and excellent outcomes. Flow diversion has been shown to be a safe endovascular option in treating complex aneurysms in children. Larger-sized, multicenter trials are encouraged to compare outcomes between flow diversion and other aneurysm treatment options given the rarity of pediatric aneurysms.

Adult Highlights From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry: 2017-2022.

The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry captures clinical data and outcomes on patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support across the globe at participating centers. It provides a very unique opportunity to benchmark outcomes and analyze the clinical course to help identify ways of improving patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize select adult ECMO articles published using the ELSO registry over the past 5 years. These articles highlight innovative utilization of the registry data in generating hypotheses for future clinical trials. Members of the ELSO Scientific Oversight Committee can be found here: https://www.elso.org/registry/socmembers.aspx .

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Development of chitosan based microencapsulated spray dried powder of tuna fish oil: oil load impact and oxidative stability

Abstract The impact of fish oil concentration on the oxidative stability of microcapsules through the spray drying process using chitosan and maltodextrin as wall material was studied. Emulsions were prepared with different Tuna fish oil (TFO) content (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%) while wall material concentration was kept constant. Microencapsulated powder resulting from emulsion prepared with high fish oil load have high moisture content, wettability, total oil and low encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity and bulk tapped density. Oxidative stability was evaluated periodically by placing microcapsules at room temperature. Microcapsules prepared with TFO-10% presented high oxidative stability in terms of peroxide value (2.94±0.04) and anisidine value (1.54±0.02) after 30 days of storage. It was concluded that optimal amounts of fish oil for microencapsulation are 10% and 20% using chitosan and maltodextrin that extended its shelf life during study period.

Resumo Foi estudado o impacto da concentração de óleo de peixe na estabilidade oxidativa de microcápsulas por meio do processo de secagem por atomização, utilizando quitosana e maltodextrina como material de parede. As emulsões foram preparadas com diferentes teores de óleo de atum (TFO) (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%), enquanto a concentração de material de parede foi mantida constante. O pó microencapsulado resultante da emulsão preparada com alta carga de óleo de peixe tem alto teor de umidade, molhabilidade e óleo total e baixa eficiência de encapsulação, higroscopicidade e densidade extraída a granel. A estabilidade oxidativa foi avaliada periodicamente colocando microcápsulas à temperatura ambiente. As microcápsulas preparadas com TFO-10% apresentaram alta estabilidade oxidativa em termos de valor de peróxido (2,94 ± 0,04) e valor de anisidina (1,54 ± 0,02) após 30 dias de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as quantidades ideais de óleo de peixe para microencapsulação são de 10% e 20% usando quitosana e maltodextrina que prolongaram sua vida útil durante o período de estudo.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / Efeito das folhas da Moringa olifera no crescimento e na microbiota intestinal da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Development of chitosan based microencapsulated spray dried powder of tuna fish oil: oil load impact and oxidative stability / Desenvolvimento de pó microencapsulado por pulverização de óleo de atum à base de quitosana: impacto da carga de óleo e estabilidade oxidativa

Abstract The impact of fish oil concentration on the oxidative stability of microcapsules through the spray drying process using chitosan and maltodextrin as wall material was studied. Emulsions were prepared with different Tuna fish oil (TFO) content (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%) while wall material concentration was kept constant. Microencapsulated powder resulting from emulsion prepared with high fish oil load have high moisture content, wettability, total oil and low encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity and bulk tapped density. Oxidative stability was evaluated periodically by placing microcapsules at room temperature. Microcapsules prepared with TFO-10% presented high oxidative stability in terms of peroxide value (2.94±0.04) and anisidine value (1.54±0.02) after 30 days of storage. It was concluded that optimal amounts of fish oil for microencapsulation are 10% and 20% using chitosan and maltodextrin that extended its shelf life during study period.

Resumo Foi estudado o impacto da concentração de óleo de peixe na estabilidade oxidativa de microcápsulas por meio do processo de secagem por atomização, utilizando quitosana e maltodextrina como material de parede. As emulsões foram preparadas com diferentes teores de óleo de atum (TFO) (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%), enquanto a concentração de material de parede foi mantida constante. O pó microencapsulado resultante da emulsão preparada com alta carga de óleo de peixe tem alto teor de umidade, molhabilidade e óleo total e baixa eficiência de encapsulação, higroscopicidade e densidade extraída a granel. A estabilidade oxidativa foi avaliada periodicamente colocando microcápsulas à temperatura ambiente. As microcápsulas preparadas com TFO-10% apresentaram alta estabilidade oxidativa em termos de valor de peróxido (2,94 ± 0,04) e valor de anisidina (1,54 ± 0,02) após 30 dias de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as quantidades ideais de óleo de peixe para microencapsulação são de 10% e 20% usando quitosana e maltodextrina que prolongaram sua vida útil durante o período de estudo.