Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 105
Filtrar
1.
Heliyon ; 10(11): e32048, 2024 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38882352

RESUMO

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants have been associated with diabetes mellitus susceptibility and related complications. This study assessed the association between VDR gene polymorphism (rs2228570) and GDM risk among pregnant Arab women. A total of 368 pregnant Saudi women who were screened for GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation and genotyped for the VDR gene variant (rs2228570) were included in this cross-sectional study. Circulatory insulin levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and vitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured. There were 108 women with GDM and 260 women without GDM. The genotype frequency of women with GDM was CC 60.2 %, CT 33.3 %, TT 6.9 %, and CT + TT 39.8 %; for non-GDM women, were CC 61.1 %, CT 31.5 %, TT 6.9 %, and CT + TT 38.4 %. No association was found between the VDR gene variant (rs2228570-FokI) and GDM susceptibility after adjustment for covariates. Serum 25(OH)D had a significant inverse association with FBG (r = -0.49, p = 0.01) and HbA1c (r = -0.45, p = 0.03) among carriers of the TT-genotype. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was observed between serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-ß (r = -0.20, p = 0.035) in individuals with the T-allele. Among pregnant Saudi women, glycemic indices appear to be influenced by vitamin D, suggesting a possible role it may play in mitigating the metabolic changes associated with GDM, particularly among individuals with specific genetic backgrounds. In our study population, rs2228570-FokI did not appear to be a significant contributor to GDM risk.

2.
Am J Transl Res ; 15(2): 1291-1299, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36915725

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess circulating fetuin A and fetuin B levels in participants with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and to find out their correlations with other different parameters relating to gestational diabetes in Saudi women. METHODS: A total of 123 Saudi pregnant women (N: 46 GDM and N: 77 healthy control) were included in this observational study. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess serum lipids, insulin and fetuin A and fetuin B. Serum fetuin A and fetuin B were quantified by commercially available kits. RESULTS: The median value of fetuin A was slight lower in GDM patients [2003 pg/ml (866-3369)] than in the control group [2015 pg/ml (1060-2951)] without significant difference (P=0.95). The median value of fetuin B was also slight lower in GDM patients [3292 ng/ml (782-6740)] than the control group [3514 ng/ml (364-14854)] but without significant difference (P=0.564). There was a significant inverse correlation between fetuin B and total cholesterol in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study did not find a significant association between fetuins A and B with GDM or insulin resistance, but there was a significant inverse correlation between fetuin B and total cholesterol in the control group, reflecting good glucose control and adequate use of lipids in the nutrition of the fetus. Further research is required in the future to understand fetuin's role in the progression of GDM in Saudi women.

3.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 13(2)2023 Jan 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36673133

RESUMO

The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a novel surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity and was found comparable to the gold standard clamp test as well as for predicting the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in several populations. The present study aimed to assess for the first time, the validity of SPISE in predicting MetS among Arab adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 951 Saudi adolescents aged 10−17 years were randomly recruited from different schools across Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometrics were measured and fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of glucose, lipid profile, adipokines, C-reactive protein and 25 hydroxyvitamin (OH) D. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP) criteria with age-specific thresholds for adolescents. The SPISE as well as insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were calculated. The over-all prevalence of MetS was 8.6% (82 out of 951). SPISE index was significantly lower in MetS than non-MetS participants in both sexes (5.5 ± 2.5 vs. 9.4 ± 3.2, p < 0.001 in boys and 4.4 ± 1.4 vs. 8.6 ± 3.2, p < 0.001 in girls). The SPISE index showed a significant inverse correlation with resistin, leptin, and C-reactive protein, and a significant positive correlation with adiponectin and 25(OH) D. Areas under the curve (AUC) revealed fair and good accuracy for predicting MetS 84.1% and 90.3% in boys and girls, respectively. The sex-specific cut-off proposed was SPISE index ≤6.1 (sensitivity 72.2% and specificity 83.9%) for boys and ≤6.46 (sensitivity 96.3% and specificity 73.4%), for girls. This study suggests that the SPISE index is a simple and promising diagnostic marker of insulin sensitivity and MetS in Arab adolescents.

4.
Am J Transl Res ; 14(11): 8175-8182, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36505325

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outcomes were observed to be influenced by circulating trace elements' status. The differences and correlations between serum levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and selenium (Se) in Saudi patients with and without T2DM as well as those with prediabetes (pre-DM) were examined in this retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were collected from 119 patients with T2DM (aged 41-64 years), 95 non-T2DM (aged 27-55 years), and 80 with pre-DM (aged 35-57 years). An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer was used to measure trace minerals in the blood. RESULTS: T2DM patients had significantly lower Mn serum concentrations than controls. There was no difference in Cr and Ni levels between groups. Serum Mn and Ni levels were lower in pre-DM subjects than controls. Serum Se concentrations were higher in pre-DM and T2DM patients than controls. In T2DM patients, serum Cr and Mn levels were inversely correlated with glucose, while Ni and Se levels were positively correlated with glucose in the T2DM group. CONCLUSIONS: Because of their roles in glucose metabolism, impaired trace element status may also play a role in T2DM pathogenesis. Appropriate dietary control and mineral supplementation are recommended.

5.
Dis Markers ; 2021: 4791915, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34765049

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of T2DM has been recognized. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store lipids. Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) is one of the five LD coat proteins that is relatively understudied as compared to other LDs. This study is aimed at determining levels of PLIN3 among adults with varying levels of obesity and insulin resistance to determine metabolic associations of PLIN3. Methodology. A total of 280 Saudi adults (n = 127 males; n = 153 females) were randomly recruited and divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose levels: healthy and lean (HL), obese and T2DM (OD), or obese and nondiabetic (OND). Lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels, insulin, and perilipin 3 levels were measured. RESULTS: Circulating PLIN3 was significantly lower in the OD group [8.3 ng/mL (1.2-22.5; p < 0.001)] than the HL group [23.1 ng/mL (6.2-39.1; p < 0.001)]. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were inversely correlated with PLIN3 in all subjects. Lastly, glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol cumulatively predict circulating levels of PLIN3 by as much as 11% of the variances perceived (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Circulating PLIN3 is significantly associated with insulin resistance markers and maybe a promising candidate as a protective biomarker for T2DM.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Perilipina-3/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue
6.
Metabolites ; 11(5)2021 May 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34066324

RESUMO

The homeostasis of trace elements were observed to contribute to certain diabetic outcomes. This cross-sectional study determined the differences and associations between serum levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in Saudi patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as those with prediabetes. Anthropometrics were measured, and fasting blood samples were collected from 119 patients with T2DM (aged 41-64 years), 95 non-T2DM (aged 27-55 years) and 80 with prediabetes (aged 35-57 years). Circulating trace minerals were determined using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Serum levels of Cu and Fe were significantly lower in T2DM than non-T2DM (adjusted p-values < 0.001). There was no difference in the Zn levels of the T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The serum Cu levels were significantly lower in the prediabetes group than the non-T2DM group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of Cu, Fe and Zn were inversely associated with circulating glucose in the T2DM and prediabetes subjects (p-values < 0.001). In conclusion, the differences in circulating trace elements were observed in Saudi subjects with varying glycemic statuses, suggesting an inverse association between T2DM progression and the decreasing serum Cu, Fe and Zn levels. Intervention trials are warranted to determine whether early correction of trace mineral deficiencies is beneficial in populations at higher risk for T2DM.

7.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 27(9): 2452-2456, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32884429

RESUMO

Low levels of vitamin D have been linked with increased adiposity and diminished muscle strength. Whether it is also related to fat deposition in muscle tissues is not studied well. This study explored the associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fat deposition in muscle tissues of adult Arab males. A total 465 adult Saudi males were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics, body composition and muscle strength were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D was determined and quantified enzymatically. They were grouped according to vitamin D status: deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) N = 325 (69.9%) and sufficient (25(OH)D > 50 nmol/l)140 (30.1%). Mean level of lean/height2, lean-arm-legs and lean-arms-legs/height2 were significantly higher in 25(OH)D deficient participants (p-values 0.03; 0.05 and 0.01 respectively). Thigh strength was significantly higher in 25(OH)D sufficient participants than their deficient counterparts (p = 0.02). In all participants, a significant correlation between 25(OH)D was observed with age and thigh-strength (p-values < 0.05), while a significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and lean/height2, lean-arms-legs, lean-arms-legs/height2, fat (%) region, fat arms, fat legs, fat trunk, lean legs were noted. In conclusion, low circulating 25(OH)D is associated with enhanced fat infiltration in muscle tissues of adult Arab males.

8.
Nutrients ; 12(2)2020 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32059477

RESUMO

This 12-month, randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in terms of (1) the reduction of at least 5% of body weight compared to baseline and (2) the percentage of participants in which fasting blood glucose (FBG) normalizes (<5.6 mmol/L) post-intervention, in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with impaired fasting glucose. A total of 300 Saudi adults with prediabetes at baseline (FBG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L) were enrolled to receive either general advice (GA) or a rigorous, self-monitored, lifestyle modification program (intervention group, IG) for 12 months, focused on food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, 136/150 in the GA group (90.7%) and 127/150 in the IG group (84.7%) were either overweight or obese. A total of 14% (n = 21) of the subjects in the IG arm discontinued, compared to 8% (n = 12) in the GA arm. Data from completers (92% (n = 138) and 86% (n= 129) participants in GA and IG arms, respectively) were considered for the final analysis. Post-intervention, 37.2% (n = 48) of participants in the IG group had ≥5% weight reduction, as compared to 12.3% (n = 17) in the GA group (p < 0.01). Similarly, the percentage of participants who normalized their FBG post-intervention was 46.5% (n = 60) in the IG group compared to 21.7% (n = 30) in the GA group (p < 0.01). A 12-month Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-styled intensive lifestyle program translated effectively in decreasing weight and improving fasting glucose compared to the GA group in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with prediabetes, suggesting that in the case of guided intervention programs, people are willing to participate and possibly change a sedentary lifestyle.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Estado Pré-Diabético , Redução de Peso , Adulto , Idoso , Árabes , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Dieta Redutora , Exercício Físico , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Participação do Paciente , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res ; 90(5-6): 430-438, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30932791

RESUMO

Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to adverse effects on human health, but limited information is available as to whether abnormal vitamin B12 levels are associated between parents and offspring. The present study aimed to assess the association between circulating levels of vitamin B12 in Saudi parents and their children as well as its association with pro-inflammatory markers. A total of 104 Saudi families: 49 fathers, 63 mothers, 94 sons and 79 daughters were selected for the study. Fasting blood samples and anthropometrics were collected. Biochemical parameters, various pro-inflammatory markers and vitamin B12 were measured. Results showed a significant positive correlation between B12 levels in most parent-offspring pairs: mother-daughter (N = 46 pairs, r = 0.72, p < 0.0001); father-daughter (N = 39, r = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and mother-son (N = 51, r = 0.42, p < 0.01). This association was absent in father-son pairs (N = 48, r = 0.26, p = 0.09). Also, B12 was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in parents (r = -0.32; p < 0.01 and r = -0.31; p < 0.01 respectively) and children (r = -0.14; p < 0.01 and r = -0.19; p < 0.01 respectively). A significant inverse correlation was found between vitamin B12 and leptin in mothers (r = -0.31, p < 0.05). Our study suggests a strong familial component between B12 levels indicating a possible genetic influence on individual B12 status. Our study also suggests an inverse correlation between circulating levels of vitamin B12 and pro-inflammatory markers. The present study highlights the importance of extending screening in families of patients with abnormal B12 levels and expanding treatment, if necessary, to maximize clinical benefits.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina B 12 , Biomarcadores , Criança , Humanos , Pais , Arábia Saudita , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo
10.
Public Health Nutr ; 23(7): 1208-1213, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31097054

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Both vitamin D and Fe micronutrient deficiencies are common in Saudi Arabia but the association between them is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether Fe indices are associated with vitamin D status and other metabolic markers in Arab adolescents. DESIGN: Single-centre, cross-sectional study gathering anthropometrics, glucose and lipid profile. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), Fe, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (%) and other parameters were measured. SETTING: Vitamin D School Project Database, King Saud University (2014-2016). PARTICIPANTS: Arab adolescents aged 10-17 years randomly selected from the Vitamin D School Project Database (170 Saudi students; 100 girls, seventy boys). RESULTS: Among Fe indices, only TIBC was found to be significantly and inversely associated with 25(OH)D (r = -0·20; P < 0·01) and only in girls (r = -0·20; P < 0·05). Among cardiometabolic parameters, serum Fe was associated with TAG in boys (r = 0·36; P < 0·01) and inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in girls (r = -0·29; P < 0·05). Age was the most significant predictor of serum Fe for all participants, accounting for 5 % (R2 = 0·05; P = 0·004) of variance perceived. Serum 25(OH)D and age, on the other hand, were the most significant predictors for TIBC, accounting for 10·1 % (R2 = 0·10; P < 0·001) of variance perceived. CONCLUSIONS: Among healthy Arab adolescents, the association between vitamin D and Fe indices, particularly TIBC, is modest, inverse and sex-dependent. Larger studies with inclusion of markers such as hepcidin and ferritin, vitamin D metabolites and endogenous sex hormones may provide a clearer view of this complex association.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Ferro/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adolescente , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Árabes , Glicemia , Criança , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia
11.
J Food Biochem ; 43(8): e12962, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31368542

RESUMO

In the present study, we tested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant flavonoid, fisetin against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation in rat lungs. Male Wistar rats were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) with or without administration of fisetin. Fisetin administration to CS-exposed rats resulted in a significant reduction in neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 levels in lung tissues compared to those in CS-exposed rats not treated with fisetin. Fisetin also significantly augmented lung hemoxinase-1, glutathione peroxidase-2, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) levels in CS-exposed rats. In addition, a marked reversal in CS-induced histopathological changes was noted in fisetin-treated rats. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential of fisetin to blunt CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung and to prevent tissue damage via the Nrf2-mediated upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present study, we found that the plant flavonoid, fisetin significantly abrogated the oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage induced by cigarette smoke, a powerful pro-oxidant in rat lungs. Additionally, fisetin markedly reversed cigarette smoke-induced increases in neutrophil and macrophage cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings are particularly significant considering the association of cigarette smoking with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which are central to the pathologies of a wide variety of chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the present work underscores the beneficial effects of the regular consumption of plant-based foods with medicinal properties for the effective prevention of these chronic diseases.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fumar Cigarros/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Fumar Cigarros/imunologia , Flavonóis , Humanos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos
12.
Nutr Diabetes ; 8(1): 54, 2018 10 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30287811

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Subjects with low vitamin D levels are at risk of cardiometabolic disease. The aim of this study was to identify novel serological markers linking vitamin D status with cardiometabolic profile in non-diabetic adults with obesity. METHODS: For the discovery phase, we used quantitative serum proteomics in sex-matched, age-matched and BMI-matched subjects with obesity [BMI: 25-35 kg/m2] and low [25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L] vs. high vitamin D status [25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L] (n = 16). For the validation phase, we performed ELISA in a larger cohort with similar characteristics (n = 179). RESULTS: We identified 423 and 549 differentially expressed proteins in the high vs. low vitamin D groups of the male and female cohorts, respectively. The small molecule biochemistry protein networks and the glycolysis|gluconeogenesis pathway were significantly enriched in the DEPs of both sexes. As surrogate markers to these processes, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein -2  (IGFBP-2) was upregulated in males, whereas   IGFBP-3 was upregulated in females from the high Vitamin D status. This sex-specific trend  was confirmed using Luminex ELISA to an independent but clinically analogous cohort of males (n = 84, p = 0.002) and females (n = 95, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The high Vitamin D status correlated with the serological upregulation of IGFBP-2 in males and IGFBP-3 in females with obesity and may constitute surrogate markers of risk reduction of cardiometabolic disease.


Assuntos
Proteína 2 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Proteômica , Fatores Sexuais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações
13.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 97(36): e12286, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30200174

RESUMO

The study aimed to assess the differences and associations of serum 25 (OH)D levels in Saudi adults with and without asthma. A total of 1070 Saudi adults aged 22 to 28 years (359 with known asthma and 711 matched nonasthmatic controls) were selected randomly from the Riyadh Cohort, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25(OH)D serum levels were measured. Asthma diagnosis was taken from questionnaires. In all participants, 359 (33.6%) were known asthmatic and 711 (66.5%) were nonasthmatic. The overall incidence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L) was 29.6% in controls and 35.6% in asthma group (P = .01). The asthma group have a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than the control group (P = .01) but lost significance after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and sex. Nonasthmatic and asthmatic females had a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency (33% and 46%) than nonasthmatic and asthmatic males (17% and 33%). Vitamin D deficiency is significantly high among Saudi adults with asthma, but more so among women. Whether vitamin D deficiency exacerbates asthma attack remains to be proven in this population.


Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Asma/complicações , Asma/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Arábia Saudita , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
14.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 25(4): 710-714, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29740234

RESUMO

Spexin (SPX) is a novel biomarker abundantly expressed in several animal and human tissues implicated in food intake and glucose control, respectively. As new roles for SPX are emerging, the present study explored for the first time, the associations of SPX to several cardiometabolic indices and inflammatory markers in pregnant women, a demographic not yet investigated with respect to SPX. A total of 117 Saudi women subdivided to those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (N = 63) and those without (N = 54) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, glycemic, lipid, vitamin D, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured consecutively at baseline and after the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Age- and BMI adjusted comparisons revealed that levels of SPX were not significantly different in pregnant women with and without GDM. In all subjects, circulating levels of SPX showed modest associations with glucose (R = 0.18; p = .08) and HOMA ß (R = -0.19; p = .09) as well as significant positive associations with total cholesterol (R = 0.25; p = .02), LDL-cholesterol (R = 0.25; p = .02), 25(OH)D (R = 0.22; p = .04), albumin (R = 0.30; p < .01) and IL1ß (R = 0.41; p < .01). Stepwise regression analysis also suggested that IL1ß, leptin and albumin were the significant predictors of SPX. In summary, SPX levels modestly affect glucose and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women but is not associated with GDM and obesity. The significant association of SPX to ILß warrants further investigation as to the role of SPX in immune modulation.

15.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 97(19): e0702, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29742726

RESUMO

Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, it is significant to recognize which biochemical markers modulate serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in response to vitamin D supplementation in such a population. Our aim was to study the correlation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and insulin growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) with serum 25(OH)D in response to vitamin D supplementation in a Saudi population. A total of 199 (89 males/110 females) vitamin D deficient subjects (25(OH)D level <50 nmol/L), aged 40.4 ±â€Š11.4 years, were given vitamin D supplements (50,000 IU/mL every week) for the first 2 months, then twice a month for 2 months, followed by daily 1000 IU in the last 2 months. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 6 months after the final dose of vitamin D. Serum 25(OH)D, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and IGFBPs 2-5 were measured. Vitamin D response was computed for all subjects as the difference in levels of serum 25(OH)D concentration at the end of 6 months compared to baseline. After intervention, serum 25(OH)D concentration significantly increased from 35.6 nmol/L (26.6-43.5) to 61.8 nmol/L (54.8-73.3) in responder subjects (P < .01) and from 35.1 nmol/L (21.2-58.2) to 38.3 nmol/L (25.5-48.3) in nonresponders (P = .13). Subjects with lower baseline serum IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio are more sensitive to acute vitamin D status changes. IGF1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio significantly increased in all subjects after 6 months (P = .01). Changes in 25(OH)D was significantly associated with changes in IGFBP-2 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in responders only. This study proposes that changes in circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are modulated by vitamin D supplementation and can be taken into consideration in investigations involving vitamin D correction. Moreover, increase in serum 25(OH)D and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio are more sensitive markers for the response to vitamin D supplementation in Saudi population.


Assuntos
Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Arábia Saudita , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico
16.
Nutrients ; 10(3)2018 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29558423

RESUMO

This three-arm, randomized, controlled study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of general advice (GA) on lifestyle change, intensive lifestyle modification programme (ILMP) and GA + metformin (GA + Met) in reducing the prevalence of full metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with prediabetes; 294 Saudis with prediabetes (fasting glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L) were initially randomized, 263 completed 6 months and 237 completed 12 months. They were allocated into three groups: GA group which received a standard lifestyle change education; ILMP which followed a rigorous lifestyle modification support on diet and physical activity; and a GA + Met group. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were measured. Full MetS (primary endpoint) and its components (secondary endpoint) were screened at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Full MetS in the ILMP group decreased by 26% (p < 0.001); in GA + Met group by 22.4% (p = 0.01) and in GA group by 8.2% (p = 0.28). The number of MetS components decreased significantly in the ILMP and GA + Met groups (mean change 0.81, p < 0.001 and 0.35, p = 0.05, respectively). Between-group comparison revealed a clinically significant decrease in MetS components in favor of the ILMP group (-0.58 (-0.88-0.28), p < 0.001). This study highlights the clinical potency of ILMP versus other diabetes prevention options in reducing MetS in Saudi adults with elevated fasting glucose.


Assuntos
Dieta Saudável , Exercício Físico , Síndrome Metabólica/dietoterapia , Estado Pré-Diabético/dietoterapia , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Adulto , Árabes , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/etnologia , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Estado Pré-Diabético/etnologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; 180: 29-34, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29247784

RESUMO

Despite the amount of sunshine in Saudi Arabia, vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is highly prevalent among Saudis. Several strategies are known to improve 25(OH)D status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different interventional strategies in improving 25(OH)D status in Saudi children and adults. This interventional study was undertaken among 593 out of 1152 Saudi subjects [530 students (aged 13-17 years) and 63 teachers (aged 26-46 years)] over a 6-month period from different secondary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 25(OH)D status was taken at baseline and after 6 months post interventions. Subjects were divided into 3 groups and requested to implement different vitamin D correction schemes: sun-exposure, vitamin D-fortified milk consumption, and oral vitamin D supplementation (1000IU/day). Follow-up results revealed that all correction strategies used could decrease the deficiency of serum 25(OH)D with different potencies, with the highest positive percentage change observed in oral supplementation in both adults and children (11% men, 17% women, 16% boys and 8% girls). The oral vitamin D supplementation strategy also showed significant positive associations between delta (Δ) changes and HDL-cholesterol in both adults and children. In conclusion, oral vitamin D supplementation was the most effective strategy in improving vitamin D status in Saudi adults and children than sunlight exposure or consumption of vitamin D-fortified dairy products.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Leite/química , Deficiência de Vitamina D/prevenção & controle , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Intervenção Médica Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Luz Solar , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia
18.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; 180: 129-136, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29247783

RESUMO

Numerous studies have been done to establish the relationship between vitamin D and lipids, yet a definitive causal link is not found. This interventional study aims to evaluate and compare levels of apolipoproteins among vitamin D deficient subjects at baseline and after they achieved full vitamin D status correction.120 Saudi adults with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 50nmol/l] were recruited and given 50,000IU cholecalciferol weekly for first 2 months, then twice a month for next 2 months, followed by daily 1000IU until month 6. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 months. Serum 25(OH)D, lipid profile and apolipoproteins (A1, A2, B, C1, C2, C3, E and H) were analyzed using commercially available kits. Overall, serum 25(OH)D increased significantly(63.3 ±â€¯16.5nmol/l at end of study vs. 32.5 ±â€¯10.8 at baseline; p < 0.0001). In parallel, a significant increase in apolipoproteins C1, C2, C3 and E (all p-values < 0.01) and a significant decrease in apolipoprotein B (p = 0.02) was observed. Following, stratification according to sex, apolipoproteins C2 and C3 significantly increased only in males (p-values < 0.01) while apolipoprotein C1 significantly increased only in females (p < 0.01). In addition, apolipoprotein B significantly decreased only in females (p = 0.002). These results suggests role of vitamin D in modulation of circulating levels of lipoproteins. The sexual dimorphism observed in circulating levels of measured apolipoproteins following vitamin D correction may explain, in part, known sexual disparity in the events of cardiometabolic health.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Caracteres Sexuais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia
19.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 96(37): e8071, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28906406

RESUMO

Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and albumin are the important determinants of circulatory 25(OH)D in adults. Physiological function of vitamin D is particularly regulated by DBPs. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is considered as the biological activity reader of circulating 25(OH)D. We therefore examined the relationships between serum total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D versus PTH in apparently healthy Saudi female adults.A total of 350 apparently healthy Saudi female adults ([Mean ±â€Šstandard deviation] age [years] 52.9 ±â€Š9.2; body mass index [kg/m] 32.9 ±â€Š5.4) were included in this observational study. Anthropometrics was measured as well as fasting glucose, lipid profile, calcium and phosphorous using routine methods. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum DBP was determined by ELISA. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated by comparing concentrations of total 25(OH)D, DBP, and albumin.Data revealed that circulating total 25(OH)D had weak but significant inverse association with DBP (R = -0.24; P < .01), and strong inverse associations with free 25(OH)D (R = -0.87; P < .001), albumin-bound 25(OH)D (R = -0.88; P < .001), and bioavailable 25(OH)D (R = -0.89; p < 0.001). None of the vitamin D metabolites, including 25(OH)D, correlated with serum PTH.Various metabolites of 25(OH)D are not correlated with serum PTH in Saudi adult females. Bioavailable, albumin-bound and free 25(OH)D cannot be surrogate measures for vitamin D status, at least in this population.


Assuntos
Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangue
20.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 12104, 2017 09 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28935934

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate whether uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio is associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. 332 adult Saudi type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into UA/Cr tertiles. Risk for full MetS was significantly highest in individuals that constitutes the uppermost serum UA/Cr tertile [Odds ratio (OR): 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.3; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Similarly, risk for individual components of MetS like central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension was significantly highest in this tertile with OR's of 2.61 (1.2-5.6), 1.42 (0.7-2.3), 1.45 (0.7-2.8) and 1.16 (0.6-2.2) respectively (all p-values < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and other components of MetS. Furthermore, serum UA/Cr levels increased with increasing number of MetS components (mean values of 4.44, 4.49, 4.64, 4.89 and 4.91 respectively for 1,2,3,4 and 5 MetS components, p-values < 0.001 after adjusting for age, gender and BMI). Our data suggest that serum UA/Cr in T2DM patients is strongly associated with full MetS as well as its individual components. These findings are of considerable clinical importance as serum UA/Cr may be used as a marker in the pathogenesis of MetS.


Assuntos
Creatinina/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Arábia Saudita
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA