Social Media Effect on Personal Self-Esteem Among the Population in Saudi Arabia.

Background Self-esteem is a self-valuation; it is how people perceive their own worth and how valuable they believe they are to others. In this study, our primary objective was to explore the association between social media use and self-esteem among individuals who actively engage with social media platforms in Saudi Arabia. Method This study involved individuals aged 15 and above who are active social media users residing in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected through an anonymous online cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was administered through Google Forms to collect data from participants. The questionnaire was structured into three sections, which included gathering social and demographic information, assessing personal usage patterns, and evaluating individual self-esteem levels using an Arabic valid version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.  Results The survey included a total of 2,551 participants. Among them, 51.3% (n = 1,309) were female, 29% (n = 741) fell within the 21-25 age group, 95.7% (n = 2,441) were of Saudi nationality, and 51.6% (n = 1,316) were single. The social media platform most frequently used by participants was TikTok 98.5% (n = 2,512), followed by Facebook 95.7% (n = 2,441), Telegram 89.8% (n = 2,291), YouTube 72.2% (n = 1,942), WhatsApp 66.0% (n = 1,683), and finally, Snapchat 30.7% (n = 1,769). In total, 14.3% (n= 366) have low self-esteem, participants scored around 16.10 ± 1.80, ranging from 5 to 25. The following variables were significantly associated with self-esteem: female sex (83.88% vs 87.52%, X2 = 6.87, p = 0.009), nationality (X2 = 13.507, p < 0.001), marital status (X2 = 12.313, p = 0.006), region (X2 = 18.36, p = 0.001), using Tik Tok (X2 = 4.11, p = 0.043), the frequency of posting comments (X2 = 12.01, p = 0.017), comparing oneself to others (X2 = 27.94, p < 0.001), using social media because of weak personal communication (X2 = 6.56, p = 0.010), using social media to follow news (X2 = 6.89, p = 0.009), and the perceived effect of social media (X2 = 16.28, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings revealed that a minority of participants exhibited low self-esteem, and individuals from the Northern region were more likely to report such issues. Sociodemographic factors, including gender, nationality, and marital status, demonstrated associations with self-esteem. Additionally, the frequency of comments, TikTok usage, and peer comparison significantly influenced self-esteem levels.

The Influence of Social Media on the Decision of Rhinoplasty Among Adults in the Western and Southern Regions of Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Rhinoplasty, a cosmetic surgical procedure aimed at altering the appearance of the nose, has gained immense popularity worldwide. Patients undergo this procedure for various reasons, ranging from aesthetic concerns to functional impairments. Social media, being a ubiquitous platform for sharing and consuming visual content, has emerged as a potential influencer for individuals contemplating rhinoplasty. This study aims to investigate the impact of social media on the prevalence of rhinoplasty among individuals residing in the southern and western regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire, targeting male and female adults aged 18 years or older, residing in the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised 17 questions, categorized into two sections. The first section sought demographic information, including age, gender, education, and other relevant characteristics. The second section focused on the influence of social media on the decision-making process related to rhinoplasty. Results A total of 1645 participants responded to the survey, with 96.80% being Saudi citizens. The majority of respondents were females (69.11%); 58.52% of the respondents were from the western region of Saudi Arabia, while 41.48% lived in the southern region. Most participants (64.27%) were aged between 18 and 30 years. The study revealed that Snapchat (Snap Inc., Santa Monica, California, United States) was the most influential social media platform, with 43.41% of respondents reporting it as the key influencer for their decision to undergo rhinoplasty. Twitter (Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States) and Instagram (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States) followed at 22.97% and 12.09%, respectively. Interestingly, 28.42% of respondents acknowledged that social media played a significant role in their decision to undergo rhinoplasty, particularly when promoted by celebrities or trusted figures. Comparing responses from the western and southern regions, the study showed that individuals from the southern region were relatively more influenced by social media, with 27.8% and 29.3% of respondents reporting the influence from the two regions, respectively. Out of the total respondents, only 38.75% reported dissatisfaction with their nose's appearance and condition, while 23.60% expressed a tendency towards undergoing rhinoplasty. Conclusion The study's findings underscore the critical role of social media in influencing patients' decisions to undergo rhinoplasty, particularly in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Snapchat emerged as the most influential social media platform, with celebrities' pictures before and after the procedure being the leading factor in motivating patients to undergo rhinoplasty. The study highlights the need for further research to explore the potential risks and benefits associated with the influence of social media on patients' decision-making regarding rhinoplasty.

Adult Knowledge About Postoperative Complications of Rhinoplasty in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background Rhinoplasty, a prevalent cosmetic surgical procedure worldwide, is not exempt from associated risks and complications, as with any other surgery. In light of the surging demand for rhinoplasty amongst young adults, it is imperative to acknowledge that the procedure can engender various complications that can be classified as either early or late complications. Examples of early complications include epistaxis and periorbital ecchymosis, while late complications may manifest as enophthalmos or septal perforation. The present study endeavors to gauge the knowledge of rhinoplasty complications among adult residents of the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods To achieve the research objectives, a cross-sectional study design was implemented, utilizing a self-administered online questionnaire. The study targeted male and female adults aged 18 years and above residing in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised of 14 items, categorized into socio-demographic and rhinoplasty postoperative complications sections, respectively. Results The study gathered responses from a total of 968 participants, of which 60.95% fell within the age range of 18-30 years. The majority of participants identified as female (77.89%), and Saudi citizens constituted the vast majority of the respondents (96.28%). Among the participants, 22.62% expressed a desire to undergo rhinoplasty, whereas 77.38% indicated no interest in the procedure. Of those who sought rhinoplasty, the majority favored having the surgery performed by a skilled physician (81.74%). Notably, participants exhibited a relatively high level of awareness regarding the postoperative complications of rhinoplasty, with respiratory issues being the most widely recognized complication (66.63%). Conversely, headache, nausea, and vomiting were the least familiar complications (100%). Conclusion The study findings reveal a considerable knowledge gap among adults residing in the Western region of Saudi Arabia concerning rhinoplasty's possible postoperative complications. The results underscore the pressing need to establish comprehensive educational and awareness-raising programs to equip individuals contemplating the procedure with the requisite information to make informed decisions. Future research endeavors could delve into the underlying determinants that drive the desire for rhinoplasty and assess potential interventions geared toward augmenting individuals' comprehension and knowledge of the procedure.

Knowledge and Practice of the Preventive and Care Methods for Diabetic Foot Among the Caregivers of Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background Diabetic foot syndrome is a complex and multifactorial disease process involving neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, osteomyelitis, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and amputation. DFUs are a common and burdensome manifestation of the syndrome, responsible for diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Successful management of DFU requires collaboration between patients and caregivers. This study assesses the knowledge, experience, and practices of the caregivers of diabetic foot patients in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve knowledge and practices in certain subgroups of caregivers. Method The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the proficiency and practicality of caregivers who provide care to patients with diabetic foot in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To accomplish this, a cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of diabetic foot patients who were aged 18 years or older and living in Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly chosen to ensure that the sample was representative. The data collection process involved the distribution of a structured online questionnaire via various social media platforms. Prior to the distribution of the questionnaire, the participants were informed about the study's objectives, and their informed consent was obtained. Additionally, adequate measures were taken to ensure the confidentiality of the participants and their caregiving status. Results Among the initial pool of 2990 participants, 1023 individuals were excluded from the study due to their status as non-caregivers of diabetic patients or being under the age of 18 years. Consequently, the final sample size consisted of 1921 caregivers. The majority of the participants were female (61.6%), married (58.6%), and had a bachelor's degree (52.4%). The findings revealed that 34.6% of caregivers were attending to patients with diabetic foot, of which 8.5% reported poor foot status and 9.1% reported amputation. Caregivers reported examining the patient's feet in 75.2% of cases, and the feet were cleaned and moisturized by either the patient or caregiver. Nails were trimmed by 77.8% of caregivers, and 49.8% of them did not permit patients to walk barefoot. Moreover, knowledge of diabetic foot care was positively correlated with being female, having a post-graduate degree, having personal experience with diabetes, caring for a patient with diabetic foot, and having prior experience in treating diabetic foot. Conversely, lower knowledge levels were associated with divorced or unemployed caregivers and those residing in the northern region. Conclusion The present study highlights that caregivers of diabetic foot patients in Saudi Arabia possess a satisfactory level of knowledge and follow appropriate practices regarding foot care. Nonetheless, it is imperative to identify specific subgroups of caregivers who may require additional education and training to improve their knowledge and practices concerning diabetic foot care. The results of this study could potentially inform the design of tailored interventions aimed at reducing the significant burden of morbidity and mortality attributed to diabetic foot syndrome in the Saudi Arabian context.