Innovative design of 3D-printed nasopharyngeal pediatric swab for COVID-19 detection.

3-dimensional (3D) printing technology provides a solution to meet the high demand for producing adult nasal swabs. A smaller, more flexible nasopharyngeal swab needs to be developed for children and infants suspected of having coronavirus. The information shared here presents a novel 3D-printed pediatric swab for the purpose of collecting upper respiratory clinical specimens.

Prevalence of target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal diseases are a group of chronic infections that destroy tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Data on the anaerobes associated with periodontal infections in Kuwait is lacking. AIM: To investigate the target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients admitted to Dental Clinics in Kuwait University Health Sciences Center, Kuwait. METHODOLOGY: Patients with CP (severe and moderate) were recruited into this study during a period of 15 months. Samples were collected directly from inside the gingival pockets and subjected to semi-quantitative PCR assays. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients, stratified into moderate and severe CP and 31 healthy individuals, used as controls, were studied. Nine (30 %) of the 30 patients were in the 50-59-year age group. The detection rate of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans between the patients (9 : 30 %) versus the controls (5 : 16.1 %) was non-significant (P >0.05). Fusobacterium spp., were detected in all patients versus 29 (93.1 %) controls, (P >0.05). However, four target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP patients; Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in ten (33.3 %) patients versus two (6.4 %) controls (P <0.0001); Tannerella forsythia 25 (83.3 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001); Parvimonas micra 27 (90 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001) and Treponema denticola, 18 (60 %) versus nine (29 %) controls (P <0.0001), respectively. Prevotella spp. were detected in 27 (90 %) patients and 30 (96.7 %) controls (P>0.5). There was no significant difference in the burden of Prevotella spp. between patients and controls determined by semi-quantitative PCR assays. CONCLUSION: Some (4/7) of the target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP in our study. P. gingivalis was the most strongly associated anaerobe with CP, although not the keystone bacteria, while Prevotella spp. was similar to the healthy controls.