An Optimal Linear Fusion Estimation Algorithm of Reduced Dimension for T-Proper Systems with Multiple Packet Dropouts.

This paper analyses the centralized fusion linear estimation problem in multi-sensor systems with multiple packet dropouts and correlated noises. Packet dropouts are modeled by independent Bernoulli distributed random variables. This problem is addressed in the tessarine domain under conditions of T1 and T2-properness, which entails a reduction in the dimension of the problem and, consequently, computational savings. The methodology proposed enables us to provide an optimal (in the least-mean-squares sense) linear fusion filtering algorithm for estimating the tessarine state with a lower computational cost than the conventional one devised in the real field. Simulation results illustrate the performance and advantages of the solution proposed in different settings.

\({\mathbb{T}}\)-Proper Hypercomplex Centralized Fusion Estimation for Randomly Multiple Sensor Delays Systems with Correlated Noises.

The centralized fusion estimation problem for discrete-time vectorial tessarine signals in multiple sensor stochastic systems with random one-step delays and correlated noises is analyzed under different T-properness conditions. Based on Tk, k=1,2, linear processing, new centralized fusion filtering, prediction, and fixed-point smoothing algorithms are devised. These algorithms have the advantage of providing optimal estimators with a significant reduction in computational cost compared to that obtained through a real or a widely linear processing approach. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the algorithms proposed, in which the superiority of the Tk linear estimators over their counterparts in the quaternion domain is apparent.

The association between household food insecurity and obesity in Mexico: a cross-sectional study of ENSANUT MC 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between household food insecurity and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Mexican adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: We analysed data from the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, a nationally representative survey that accounted for rural and urban areas in four regions of Mexico: North, Centre, Mexico City and South. PARTICIPANTS: Adults from 20 to 59 years old (n 5456, which represents 45 804 210 individuals at the national level). RESULTS: 70·8 % of the Mexican adults had some degree of household food insecurity. This situation showed larger proportions (P < 0·05) among indigenous people, those living in a rural area, in the Southern region or the lowest socio-economic quintiles. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in female adults (P < 0·001), with the highest proportions occurring among those experiencing severe household food insecurity. Among women, mean BMI and waist circumference were higher as household food insecurity levels increased (P < 0·001). According to multivariate logistic regression models, severe household food insecurity showed to be positively associated with obesity (OR: 2·36; P = 0·001) in Mexican adult females. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the association between household food insecurity and obesity among Mexican women. Given the socio-demographic characteristics of the food-insecure population, it is alarming that prevailing socio-economic inequalities in the country might also be contributing to the likelihood of obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain and bolster surveillance systems to track both problems and implement adequate policies and interventions.

Modulation of SHBG binding to testosterone and estradiol by sex and morbid obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds and transports testosterone and estradiol in plasma. The possibility that SHBG is a mixture of transporting proteins has been postulated. We analyzed in parallel the effects of obesity status on the levels and binding capacity of circulating SHBG and their relationship with testosterone and estradiol. DESIGN: Anthropometric measures and plasma were obtained from apparently healthy young (i.e. 35 ± 7 years) premenopausal women (n = 32) and men (n = 30), with normal weight and obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2). METHODS: SHBG protein (Western blot), as well as the plasma levels of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol and insulin (ELISA) were measured. Specific binding of estradiol and testosterone to plasma SHBG was analyzed using tritium-labeled hormones. RESULTS: Significant differences in SHBG were observed within the obesity status and gender, with discordant patterns of change in testosterone and estradiol. In men, testosterone occupied most of the binding sites. Estrogen binding was much lower in all subjects. Lower SHBG of morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2) subjects affected testosterone but not estradiol. The ratio of binding sites to SHBG protein levels was constant for testosterone, but not for estradiol. The influence of gender was maximal in morbid obesity, with men showing the highest binding/SHBG ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported here are compatible with SHBG being a mixture of at least two functionally different hormone-binding globulins, being affected by obesity and gender and showing different structure, affinities for testosterone and estradiol and also different immunoreactivity.

Medio de cultivo para aislar Haemophilus / Culture media Haemophilus isolation

El medio de cultivo constituido por gelosa, hemina, bacitracina y extracto de levadura (GHBEL) es un nuevo medio de cultivo selectivo y de aislamiento de los miembros del género Haemophilus, a partir de muestras clínicas contaminadas, en forma habitual, con flora autóctona. Este recurso microbiológico es económico, fácil de preparar y favorece el desarrollo de Haemophilus influenzae, además evidencia el fenómeno de "satelitismo" e inhibe el desarrollo de microrganismos grampositivos que integran la flora normal del conducto respiratorio superior. A través de este medio se determinó la frecuencia de aislamiento de H. influenzae en 1111 exudados faríngeos en niños de un mes a doce años de edad, clínicamente sanos. El porcentaje de portadores de este microrganismo fue de entre 6.2 y 43.7%. Aislando serovar b en un porcentaje de 4.3 a 8.2%. Se recomienda el GHBEL como medio selectivo para cultivo y aislamiento de Haemophilus en laboratorios de microbiología médica a partir de muestras clínicas