The Pattern of Initial Presentation of Diabetes, Treatment Outcome and Its Predictors Among Diabetic Pediatrics Attended Service at Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-Center Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the pediatric population. Globally the incidence of diabetes increased from 11.3 million (95% UI 10.6-12.1) in 1990 to 22.9 million (21.1-25.4) in 2017, with a 102.9% increase and there was a 3% increase in diabetes mortality rates by age between 2000 and 2019. Objective: This study aims to assess the pattern of initial presentation of pediatric diabetes mellitus, treatment outcome, and its predictors among pediatrics who attended service at selected public hospitals in southern Ethiopia from 2015 to 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected pediatrics from October 1st, 2021 to December 30, 2021, and participants were selected randomly from 8 randomly selected public hospitals in southern Ethiopia after proportional to client flow allocation of samples. Data was extracted from clients' charts using a data extraction checklist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24, and logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the presence of an association between dependent and independent variables, and significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Results: In this study, most (74.6%) of the pediatrics initially presented with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study found that Two-thirds (67.1%) of the respondents in the study had a good treatment outcome. In this study residence, presenting signs and symptoms; poly symptoms and weight loss, history of hospitalization, and comorbidity were predictors of treatment outcome of pediatric diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus with Diabetic ketoacidosis is the predominant pattern of initial presentation in the study. The magnitude of poor treatment outcomes of diabetes mellitus among pediatrics in this study is high and unacceptable Residence, signs, and symptoms at initial presentation, history of hospitalization, and comorbidity were found to be significant independent predictors of treatment outcome of pediatric diabetes mellitus.

Birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns at a tertiary hospital: evidence from Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period and about 25% of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, in 2015, it was the first cause of neonatal deaths followed by prematurity and sepsis. The study aims to assess prevalence of Birth asphyxia and associated factors. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Specialized comprehensive hospital from December 1 to December 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24was employed. Results: The prevalence of neonatal asphyxia in this study was17.9%. Prolonged labor [AOR (Adjusted odds ration) = 2.909; (95% CI (Confidence Interval): 1.184 - 7.151)], presence of meconium [AOR= 2.137; 95% CI 1.028 - 4.683)], premature rapture of membrane [AOR = 2.459; 95% CI: 1.021 - 6.076)] and complication during labor [AOR= 3.351; 95% CI: 2.142-5.871))], were factors associated with neonatal asphyxia. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nearly two in every ten newborns faced perinatal asphyxia in the study area. Early identification of high-risk women, intervening on delay in referral, and early and vigorous management of abnormal labor and complicated labor is essential to halt the problem.

The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postnatal depression is among the common mental health problems that occur during the postnatal period. However, it is left undiagnosed in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia and suggest recommendations for future clinical practice. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases for the relevant articles that assessed the prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia. We used a random-effect model to conduct a meta-analysis. We conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis to explore the source of heterogeneity. Cochrane Q- and the I2-test were used to check the heterogeneity of the included studies. The presence of publication bias was also checked by visual inspection of symmetry and Egger's test. RESULTS: The pooled estimated prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia was 20.1% (95% CI 12.7-30.2). The pooled prevalence of postnatal depression in the studies that were conducted in community settings and used the Patient Health Questionnaire to assess postnatal depression [16.6% (95% CI 8.90-28.99)] was lower than the prevalence in studies based in institutions and that used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [23.2% (95% CI 14.50-28.5)]. Further, in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis the prevalence of postnatal depression ranges between 15.4% and 25.4%. Unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 3.46, 95% CI (2.37-5.04)], age between 15-24 years [AOR = 1.72, 95% CI (1.11-2.68)], marital problems [AOR = 3.07, 95% CI (2.36-3.99)], experiencing the death of infant [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI (1.91-6.09)] and history of substance use [AOR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17-5.56)] were associated with the increased odds of postnatal depression in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of postnatal depression in Ethiopia was high. Therefore, the concerned body should give due attention to improve reproductive health services through early detection of risk factors of postnatal depression.

Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the Fafan zone, Somali regional state of Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Lack of exclusive breastfeeding is the most important risk factor for infant and young child morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the factors that influence EBF is important in order to promote appropriate infant feeding practices. The return to work due to short maternity leave time may hinder employed mothers from breastfeeding their infants exclusively for the recommended six months duration. METHODS: A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2016 in the Fafan zone, of the Somali Regional State, of Ethiopia. A total of 558 mothers with infants from ages 3-5 months, living in the five districts (Jigjiga city, Kebribeyah town, Aubere town, Bombas town and Babile) were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of maternal employment on EBF practice. RESULTS: This study has demonstrated a 24.8 and 82.9% prevalence of EBF practices among employed and unemployed mothers of index infants of 3-5 months respectively in the 24 h preceding the survey. Unemployed mothers were accounted for thusly: [Adjusted OR = 26.5; 95% CI (13.6, 51.6). Other adjustments included monthly income of 500-2000 birr [Adjusted OR = 2.7; 95% CI (1.4, 5.2)]; monthly income of 2001-3500 birr [Adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI (1.2, 4.0)]; timely initiation of breastfeeding [Adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI (1.4, 4.8)]; maternal education (secondary and higher) [Adjusted OR = 3.8; 95% CI (1.5, 9.5)]; having an index infant aged 3 months [Adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI (1.2, 4.1)], and having an index infant aged 4 months [Adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI (1.2, 3.8)] were found to be significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. CONCLUSION: Exclusive breastfeeding practices were very low among mothers employed in governmental and non-governmental organizations in the study area. Therefore, maternal employment may be hindering Exclusive breastfeeding practices. Thus, establishing breastfeeding-friendly working environment; and Information, Education and Communication programs should be provided, particularly for working mothers to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices.