RESUMO
Chlosyne lacinia saundersii is one of the most important pests of sunflower and it is the main target of insecticides applications. Larvae were collected in Londrina (PR), Santa Maria (RS), Dourados (MS), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasília (DF), Barreiras (BA), Uberaba (MG) and Vilhena (RO). Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with ten-mer primers, which produced 101 loci. The size of the RAPD amplicons ranged from 180 to 2564 bp. Polymorphism among populations ranged from 31% to 67%, with the highest polymorphisms of 57% and 67% being detected in Uberaba and Vilhena populations, respectively. Populations with the highest similarity determined with Dice coefficient were from Ribeirão Preto and Barreiras, while insects from Londrina showed the highest similarity among them. Gene flow of C. lacinia saundersii 1.1 was lower than those previously observed for the noctuid Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, suggesting that C. lacinia saundersii populations are more isolated than the ones of this noctuid. Through the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), RAPD variance was 33.64% among geographical populations and 66.36% within populations. These results suggest that populations of C. lacinia saundersii are genetically structured.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Helianthus/parasitologia , Lepidópteros/genética , Animais , Brasil , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Lepidópteros/classificação , Filogeografia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
We first record Carcinops troglodytes (Paykull) as a predator of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) larvae in poultry houses in North and Northwest regions of the state of Paraná. Carcinops spp. are commonly recorded as predators of dipterans, and this record in poultry houses indicates the possibility of exploiting such predator for future studies aiming the development of management strategies for A. diaperinus.
Assuntos
Besouros/fisiologia , Besouros/parasitologia , Animais , Indústria Alimentícia , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
Chlosyne lacinia saundersii is one of the most important pests of sunflower and it is the main target of insecticides applications. Larvae were collected in Londrina (PR), Santa Maria (RS), Dourados (MS), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasília (DF), Barreiras (BA), Uberaba (MG) and Vilhena (RO). Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with ten-mer primers, which produced 101 loci. The size of the RAPD amplicons ranged from 180 to 2564 bp. Polymorphism among populations ranged from 31 percent to 67 percent, with the highest polymorphisms of 57 percent and 67 percent being detected in Uberaba and Vilhena populations, respectively. Populations with the highest similarity determined with Dice coefficient were from Ribeirão Preto and Barreiras, while insects from Londrina showed the highest similarity among them. Gene flow of C. lacinia saundersii 1.1 was lower than those previously observed for the noctuid Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, suggesting that C. lacinia saundersii populations are more isolated than the ones of this noctuid. Through the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), RAPD variance was 33.64 percent among geographical populations and 66.36 percent within populations. These results suggest that populations of C. lacinia saundersii are genetically structured.
Chlosyne lacinia saundersii é uma das mais importantes pragas da cultura do girassol e o principal alvo das aplicações de inseticidas. As larvas foram coletadas em Londrina (PR), Santa Maria (RS), Dourados (MS), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasília (DF), Barreiras (BA), Uberaba (MG) e Vilhena (RO). O DNA genômico foi extraído e amplificado com dez primers, que produziram 101 locos. O tamanho das amplificações de RAPD variou de 180 a 2564 pb. O polimorfismo entre as populações variou de 31 por cento a 67 por cento, com maior polimorfismo 57 por cento e 67 por cento, detectado em populações de Uberaba e Vilhena, respectivamente. As populações com maior similaridade determinada com o coeficiente de Dice foram de Ribeirão Preto e Barreiras, enquanto os insetos coletados em Londrina apresentaram maior similaridade entre eles. O fluxo gênico de C. lacinia saundersii de 1,1 foi menor que o observado para a Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner Noctuidae, sugerindo que as populações de C. lacinia saundersii estão mais isoladas do que estes noctuideos. Através da análise de variância molecular (AMOVA), RAPD a variação foi de 33,64 por cento entre as populações geográficas e 66,36 por cento dentro das populações. Estes resultados sugere que as populações de C. lacinia saundersii são geneticamente estruturadas.
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética/genética , Helianthus/parasitologia , Lepidópteros/genética , Brasil , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Lepidópteros/classificação , Filogeografia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
We first record Carcinops troglodytes (Paykull) as a predator of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) larvae in poultry houses in North and Northwest regions of the state of Paraná. Carcinops spp. are commonly recorded as predators of dipterans, and this record in poultry houses indicates the possibility of exploiting such predator for future studies aiming the development of management strategies for A. diaperinus.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/parasitologia , Besouros/fisiologia , Indústria Alimentícia , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
The caterpillar Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), known as soybean looper, is a pest that has recently assumed greater importance in soybean in Brazil. Isolates of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) of this pest have been identified from cotton in Guatemala and soybean farms in Brazil, providing an interesting perspective of potential use of viral insecticide against the insect in lieu to chemical insecticides. With the objective to contribute to the characterization studies of this virus, morphological and molecular analyses and biological activity were carried out with seven P. includens viral isolates (I-A to I-G). Electron microscopy of viral samples, purified from macerated infected larvae, showed particles with typical morphology of the Baculoviridae family, genus Alphabaculovirus (Nucleopolyhedrovirus - NPV) presenting virions with only a single nucleocapsid per envelope (SNPV) occluded in a protein matrix, forming occlusion bodies (OB). This virus was then classified as P. includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus (PsinSNPV). OB particles analyzed in SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed an intense band corresponding in size to NPV polyhedrin protein. DNA restriction profiles of the PsinSNPV isolates showed differences in the fragment size and number suggesting the existence of genotypic variants, except between I-E and I-F profiles that were similar. Among the isolates tested for infectivity against P. includens, I-A, I-E and I-F were the most virulent. Survival times (ST(50)) varied according to viral concentration, with significant differences among isolates for the three higher concentrations.
Assuntos
Lepidópteros/virologia , Nucleopoliedrovírus/patogenicidade , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Animais , DNA Viral/genética , Genótipo , Lepidópteros/ultraestrutura , Nucleopoliedrovírus/genética , Vírion/genética , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
O estudo avaliou a influência da temperatura e de cama nova e usada na germinação, crescimento vegetativo, virulência e produção de conídios de isolados de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) sobre larvas e adultos do cascudinho Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). O crescimento vegetativo e a produção de conídios foram avaliados em meio de cultura. Para a avaliação da virulência os insetos foram tratados com suspensões contendo 1 x 10(8) conídios/ml. Os experimentos foram realizados em câmara B.O.D. (26°C e 32°C e 14h de fotofase). Diariamente os insetos mortos foram coletados para quantificação da produção de conídios. Para avaliação das camas, após a inoculação, insetos foram transferidos para recipientes contendo cama de aviário (nova e usada). Os isolados de B. bassiana foram mais sensíveis à temperatura elevada em relação aos isolados de M. anisopliae no que se refere à viabilidade, crescimento vegetativo e virulência (P < 0,05). A conidiogênese também foi maior para B. bassiana a 26°C (7 a 11 x 10(8) conídios/cadáver larval e 8 x 10(8) conídios/cadáver adulto) (P < 0,05). O estágio larval foi, em média, cerca de 10 vezes mais suscetível aos isolados de M. anisopliae, a 26°C, que os adultos. Em relação a B. bassiana, não foi observada diferença na suscetibilidade entre larvas e adultos nessa temperatura. Entretanto, a suscetibilidade a 32°C foi maior para as larvas, com os isolados CB116 e UEL50. A maior mortalidade ocorreu quando larvas e adultos foram tratados com B. bassiana e mantidos sobre a cama nova e a 26°C (15,7 por cento e 66,7 por cento, respectivamente) (P < 0,05).
Assuntos
Animais , Beauveria/patogenicidade , Tamanho da Ninhada , Metarhizium/patogenicidade , Aves Domésticas , Tenebrio/microbiologia , Temperatura , VirulênciaRESUMO
This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of temperature and poultry litter on germination vegetative growth virulence and conidial production of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) isolates on larvae and adults of the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) (Panzer). The vegetative growth and conidial production were evaluated on culture media. Virulence was studied submerging larvae and adults in a conidial suspension (1 x 10(8) conidia/ml). All the experiments were carried out in growth chamber (26 degrees C and 32 degrees C and 14h photophase). Fungus-killed insects were daily collected and used for microscopic conidial counts. The poultry litter effect was evaluated by submerging the insects in a fungal suspension (10(8) conidia/ml) and then transferring them to cups containing poultry litter (new and used). B. bassiana isolates were more sensitive than M. anisopliae to high temperature because conidia viability, vegetative growth and virulence were negatively affected (P < 0.05). The conidial production was higher to B. bassiana in 26 degrees C (7 to 11 x 10(8) conidia/larval cadaver and 8 x 10(8) conidia/adult cadaver) (P < 0,05). Larval stage was about 10 times more sensitive to M. anisopliae at 26 degrees C than adults stage. Regarding B. bassiana, differences on sensitivity between larval stages and adults were not observed at this temperature. However, at 32 degrees C, larval stage was more sensitive for CB116 and UEL50 isolates. Mortality was higher when larvae and adults (15.7 and 66.7% respectively) were treated by B. bassiana and maintained on new poultry litter at 26 degrees C) (P < 0.05).