Investigating the relationship between nurses' workplace behaviour and perceived levels of ethical leadership in managers.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing research interest in the relationship between ethical leadership and deviant workplace behaviour. Ethical leadership encompasses altruism, courage, ethical orientation, integrity and fairness. Examples of deviant workplace behaviours include theft, fraud, sabotage, assault, abuse, manipulation and bullying. It appears that when leaders are fair and emphasise ethical conduct, followers are less inclined to engage in deviant workplace behaviour. AIM: To investigate the relationship between nurses' self-rated levels of deviant workplace behaviour and perceived levels of ethical leadership in managers. METHOD: For this descriptive correlational study, 355 nurses from one university hospital in Egypt responded to an online questionnaire comprising the Ethical Leadership Scale and the Workplace Deviance Behavior Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore results and examine the relationships between study variables. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant negative relationship between respondents' self-rated levels of deviant workplace behaviour and their perceptions of levels of ethical leadership in managers. The results appeared to confirm previous research. Nurses who feel that they are treated fairly by their managers tend to have positive attitudes towards work, colleagues and management. CONCLUSION: Ethical leadership on the part of managers is a significant determinant of nurses' behaviour in the workplace and should therefore be fostered by healthcare organisations.

Nurses Job Crafting: Correlation Between Organizational Identification and Workplace Attachment Among Nurses.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses' job crafting, organizational identification, and work attachment. BACKGROUND: Job crafting is a proactive activity in which nurses adapt the physical, cognitive, or social aspects of their jobs to make them more meaningful. Nurses are considered fundamental healthcare stakeholders who are able to transform initiatives implemented by the healthcare organization into valuable work outcomes. Nurses' perceptions of their jobs shape the community's opinion toward an organization. METHODS: This is a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred seventy nurses were recruited from 1 governmental hospital in Egypt. Respondents completed the self-administered, printed questionnaires. Measures included job crafting, organizational identification, and work attachment questionnaires. Findings were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Over half of the nurses reported a moderate level of job crafting, whereas none of the nurses reported a high level of organizational identification. More than half of the nurses reported low levels of work attachment. CONCLUSION: Job crafting is significantly related to nurses' organizational identification and work attachment.

Exploring chronic pain related attentional experiences, distress and coping strategies among Arabic-speaking individuals in Jordan and the United Kingdom.

Introduction: The lived experiences of chronic pain (CP) among Arabic-speaking populations remain underexplored. A better understanding of these experiences and their associations with attention difficulties, coping mechanisms, and treatment options could lead to improved support for this group. Methods: This qualitative study utilised a descriptive design and involved one-to-one interviews with 51 participants with CP who had just completed two attention tasks. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide, transcribed verbatim and translated from Arabic to English before agreeing on the coding framework. Themes and subthemes were extracted using a framework analysis approach. Results: The study identified six main themes: Factors contributing towards developing or exacerbating CP, the impact of CP on psychosocial functions, including attention, the perceived role of social support, coping strategies for managing CP, perceptions about available treatments and recommendations for interventions. Discussion: CP significantly impacts individuals' physical and psychosocial functions, and it is reciprocally associated with attentional difficulties. Despite using various approaches to manage their CP, none of the participants used psychological interventions or counselling. Understanding the diverse impacts of CP and the coping strategies employed to develop culturally sensitive interventions, review current related policies, and improve healthcare services is crucial to managing CP among this population.

Hepatic portal vein gas detected by point of care ultrasound.

INTRODUCTION: Portal venous gas is a rare finding in adults and is typically associated with underlying intestinal ischemia. Portal venous gas can be detected by a bedside point of care ultrasound (POCUS) examination in adult patients in critical care units (CCU). Findings include echogenic bubbles flowing centrifugally throughout the portal venous system. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 73-year-old female with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy and cardiorenal syndrome who was managed in the CCU. She developed vague abdominal pain and respiratory depression requiring intubation and dialysis during her course of treatment in the CCU. Her findings were consistent with portal venous gas upon POCUS, prompting computed tomography of her abdomen and surgical consultation. She was ultimately found to have nonobstructive mesenteric ischemia. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: PVG is an ominous radiological sign and reflects intestinal ischemia in up to 72% of cases. Acute mesenteric ischemia of the small bowel could be due to occlusive or nonocclusive obstruction of the arterial blood supply or obstruction of venous outflow. Nonocclusive obstruction accounts for 5% to 15% of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. CONCLUSION: With the increasing use of POCUS, critical care physicians should be aware of findings consistent with portal venous gas as a bedside tool for directing the treating physician toward an ominous diagnosis in patients with shock.

Right Atrial Pseudoaneurysm Complicating Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

Cardiac pseudoaneurysm is uncommon among young adults with trauma. Infection, prior cardiac procedure, or cardiac operations are the most common reported causes. Right atrial pseudoaneurysm (RAPA) is extremely rare. Although often challenging to diagnose, advances in noninvasive imaging have improved the ability to diagnose cardiac pseudoaneurysms. We present a case of RAPA, highlighting the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in this rare entity.

Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers.

Background: Hepatocellular malignancy in young adults is a prominent feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in southern Africa. Here we report a cross-sectional study of liver pathology correlated with biomarkers in adults with HBV infection in Zambia. Methods: We analysed liver biopsies from Zambian patients with persistent HBV infection. Results: We analysed 104 patients with HBV infection and evidence of liver disease. We obtained liver biopsies from 53 adults; of these, 12 (23%) were hepatitis B e antigen seropositive. The genotype was evenly distributed between A and E. One biopsy showed malignancy. Stage was 3 or more in 11 of 52 (21%) biopsies free of malignancy and lobular inflammation was found in 50 (94%). Neither alanine aminotransferase (ALT) nor the γ-glutamyl transferase:platelet ratio (GPR) were correlated with the stage of disease but were correlated with total Ishak score (ρ=0.47, p=0.0004 and ρ=0.33, p=0.02, respectively). Large cell change was observed in 10 of 11 biopsies with fibrosis stage 3 or more and 16 of 41 with early disease (p=0.005). Serum α-fetoprotein was elevated, although still within the normal range, in patients with large cell change (median 3.6 [interquartile range {IQR} 1.6-5.1]) compared with those without (1.7 [IQR 1.0-2.8]; p=0.03). Neither ALT nor GPR predicted large cell change. Conclusions: Large cell change was common in young HBV-infected adults in Zambia. Only serum α-fetoprotein was identified as a biomarker of this phenotype.

Third molar maturity index by measurements of open apices in a Libyan sample of living subjects.

In most countries, forensic age estimation in living subjects has become increasingly important in the last few years. In addition, as the age of legal majority ranges from 14 to 18 in many countries, and in Libya it is 18 years, radiographic assessment of the degree of third molar development is essential for forensic age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of the cut-off value of 0.08, by measurements of third molar index (I3M), in determining if a subject is adult or not in Libyan population. Digital panoramic radiographs of 307 healthy subjects (163 girls, 144 boys), aged between 14 and 22, were analysed. The I3M, the age and the sex of the subjects were used as predictive variable for age estimation. Using a cut-off of 0.08, the sensitivity of the test for boys was 90.9% and the specificity 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 95.1% (95% CI: 91.5-98.7%). The sensitivity for girls was 90.6% and the specificity 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 94.5% (95% CI: 90.9-98.1%). Estimated post-test probability in boys and girls was 100%. Further analyses, performed using a cut-off of 0.09, do not affect the specificity (100%) while they improve the sensitivity for both boys and girls.

Leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness of male adolescents in Oman.

This study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, body fat percentage, flexibility, muscle strength, and endurance) of 10th-grade male students in Oman. Data were collected from 330 students. All participants completed a descriptive questionnaire, a 1 mile walk/run test; a skinfold analysis of the chest, abdomen, and thigh; a sit and reach test; a hand grip test; and a 1-minute sit-up test. Students spent an average of 19.20 ± 6.77 hours on sedentary activities, 3.46 ± 2.11 hours on sports activities, and 11.22 ± 9.24 hours working per week. The students had an average body fat percentage of 6.38% ± 4.67%, muscle strength 38.04 ± 7.55 kg, flexibility 38.01 ± 7.41 cm, abdominal muscle endurance 38.85 ± 8.15 times/min, and cardiovascular endurance 8.10 ± 1.65 minutes.