Growth curves and their associated weight and height factors in children from birth to 4 years old in West Azerbaijan Province, northwest Iran.

BACKGROUND: Growth trajectory standards are important components that need to be monitored for suitable child growth. This study examined longitudinal data to identify the factors affecting growth trajectory standards of height and weight for infants. METHODS: This study included 566 neonates (286 boys and 280 girls) born in West Azerbaijan Province, northwest Iran, who were followed from birth to 4 years of age. The subjects' weight and height were recorded at birth, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 months and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. In this study, the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to construct the growth curves for each measure. The linear mixed model was employed to determine the factors affecting the growth trajectory. RESULTS: The study demonstrates that the place of birth, duration of breastfeeding, and infants' gender had a significant effect on the growth trajectory. Nonetheless, other variables did not have any significant effect on growth. Growth curves for significant factors of weight and height (5th, 50th, 95th percentiles) were obtained. There was a rapid increase in the growth curve from birth to 2 years of age, which then remained relatively constant up to 4 years of age. DISCUSSION: This paper provides the first local growth trajectory standards of height and weight for infants by analyzing longitudinal measurements in West Azerbaijan province. This study determined the factors affecting the growth trend in both indices. It seems that there was a significant difference in the growth trajectories of infants in subgroups of the effective factor.

Cardiac and Hepatic T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Transfusion Dependent Hemoglobinopathy in North West of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Iron overload is the main transfusion related side effects in patients with transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathies. Severe iron deposition in tissues leads to organ dysfunction. Many organs can be affected such as heart, liver, and endocrine organs. Cardiac failure and liver fibrosis are the consequent of Iron overload in transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe, noninvasive, and accurate method for the assessment of iron deposition in different tissues. This study assessed iron levels in liver and heart of the patients with transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studied population consisted of 12 patients (7 male and 5 female) with transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathies, aged between 10-18 years old. Then, Cardiac and liver T2*- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained. RESULTS: In current study, 1patient (8.33%) had severe, 2 patients (16.66%) had moderate and 2(16.66%) had mild cardiac iron deposition. Out of 12 patients, 1 had severe iron deposition in liver (8.33%), 5(41.66%) and 4(33.33%) had moderate and mild hepatic iron deposition, respectively. Differences between Hepatic and cardiac iron levels were not significant between males and females (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Since cardiac and liver iron levels were higher than normal in most of the study group, checking ferritin level and liver function test and also echocardiography in shorter intervals (each 3 months) in involved group is suggested instead of checking routinely in 6 month intervals in patients with transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathies.

Investigation of long- and short-term relationships between cesarean delivery and its effective factors in Malayer.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, there has been significant increase in the number of operated cesarean compared to the overall number of birth giving. There are several factors affecting the operated cesarean in Iran compared to the birth giving which are to be reviewed in this study. PROCEDURE: The data of the study has been obtained from the registered information in Assistance Section of Health at Hamedan Faculty of Medicine which includes the seasonal data having to do with giving birth of Malayer since the beginning of Winter 2006 to the end of Fall 2013. The assimilation techniques, namely ARDL method and Error Correction Method (ECM) are the main methods to be used in this study. RESULTS: The short-term and long-term coefficients of abnormal view, incongruent status of fetus and pelvis, lack of progression, and the lengthy status are considered significant statistically. The ecm coefficient is -1.3456 in short-term. Also, his coefficient is significant which shows the short-term balance trend to the long-term one. CONCLUSION: The most indispensable affective factor on demanding to run the cesarean operation in short-term and long-term in Malayer are the lengthy-status, lack of progression, abnormal view, and incongruent status of fetus and pelvis, respectively. 

Survey of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction in hospitals of Urmia University of medical sciences.

BACKGROUND & AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction in patients admitted to the hospitals of Urmia University of medical sciences. METHODS: A case-control study population consisted of 172 patients with heart failure who were admitted to Seyedolshohada Hospital. In this method, the researchers present in the units and along with demographic questionnaire of patients, laboratory results needed for the survey (fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL) with waist circumference size, blood pressure, height and weight were examined. Data after collection were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: In this study of 172 patients with myocardial infarction, 56 patients (38.4%) patients were females and 112 (17.9%) were males. 1.2% of the patients were single, 84.8% were married, 0.6 were divorced and 13.5% were widowed, 116 patients (67.4%) with features of metabolic syndrome and 56 patients (32.6%) were lacking. In this study, females with myocardial infarction had more metabolic syndrome than males and in people whom relatives have a history of heart disease and also people who are overweight as well as obesity and also have features of metabolic syndrome and mean profiles of HDL, LDL, BMI, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and waist circumference in males compared to males is higher. However, history of smoking, average number of cigarettes used per day, height and weight of males is higher than females. Other findings indicate a significant relationship between age and sex and having or not having a family history of heart failure, having or not having history of certain drugs and BMI of patient with metabolic syndrome. But a significant relationship was not found between the marital status, education, residence, income, previous history of heart disease, PCI, LDL, history of drug use, type of infarction, the extent of ejection and location with syndrome patients. In terms of survival, because none of the subjects in the study period had expired, this extent was not quantifiable. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of this disorder in Iran and that the high incidence of serious effects imposes on the health care system and that these disorders are somewhat flexible, effort towards lifestyle changes particularly healthy diets, physical activity, weight management and blood pressure, especially in women should be considered. 

The effects of fish oil capsules and vitamin B1 tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in Urmia-Iran.

AIMS: The purpose of this study is the comparison of the effect of vitamin B1 and fish oil with together on severity and duration of dysmenorrhea, and if it is effective, we can administrative both of them with less complication to compare with other chemical drugs which has many disadvantages. STUDY DESIGN: High school of Urmia city, between March 2008 and June 2008. METHODOLOGY: This study has a double-blind clinical trial design.240 high school female students with dysmenorrhea by a randomized Method were followed up in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study by dividing into four groups with 60 members. The daily supplement was vit B1 (100 mg/day and fish oil pearl 500 mg/day), taken as a single dose starting at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and continued for 2 consecutive months. RESULTS: Intensity of pain in three experimental groups (Vit B1, fish oil and both of them) had significant difference comparing placebo group and intensity of pain had reduced. (p<0.001), (p=0.018), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.79). Duration of pain had significantly reduced in all three experimental groups compared with placebo group. (p=0.004), (p=0.008), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.32). In all of drugs, results (mean) was better at the end of the second month than the first month. CONCLUSION: Fish oil and vit B1 effects on treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were similar, but vit B1 has less complications and it was more acceptable. We mixed them and compared its results with vit B1, fish oil and placebo separately. Pain duration is the least in Vitamin B1 tablets compare with the others, but its duration was minimum in complex of Vitamin B1 tablets and fish oil capsules. Due to good effects of vitamin B1 and fish oil on symptoms of dysmenorrhea, using of them is suggested.

Bone density in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients in Urmia, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Patients with thalassemia major and intermedia are susceptible to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The mechanism of osteoporosis in these patients is multifactorial. Transfusion related iron overload in endocrine organs leads to impaired growth hormone secretion, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, lack of sex steroids and vitamin D deficiency that contribute to impairment in achieving an adequate bone mass .The aim of this study was assessment of frequency of bone loss in patients with thalassemia major and intermedia in Urmia City of West Azerbaijan, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional descriptive study,10 patients (lower than 18 y/o)with transfusion dependent thalassemia attending to Motahari and Emam Khomeini hospitals in Urmia city of Iran were enrolled and scanned for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) starting at around 10 years old. RESULTS: Tenatients (6 male and 4 female) with transfusion dependent thalassemia (ß-thalassemia major and intermedia) aged 13to 17 years in Urmia city of Iran were enrolled. Mean age of patients was 15.1±.37year old. Among them, 8 patients (80%)had low BMD and2 of them (20%) had normal BMD in lumbar spine. Only 30% of patients had low BMD in the neck of femur. CONCLUSION: We should perform annual BMD in patients with thalassemia major and intermedia and hemoglobin H disease in age of higher than 8 year old and treat low BMD with administration of bisphosphonate, calcium and vitamin D supplements. Medical consultation with a rheumatologist and /or an endocrinologist should be performed in these patients. Changing lifestyle with mild daily exercise, adequate calcium containing foods, avoiding heavy activities, stop smoking, iron chelation therapy in adequate dosage, early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine insufficiency and regular blood transfusions can help to achieve an optimal bone density in these patients.