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In the present work, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated through the dandelion flower hydroalcoholic extract, and their properties were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV visible, SEM, and EDX. The results demonstrated that the average diameter of the green fabricated AgNPs is 45-55 nm (G-AgNPs). The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and photocatalytic properties of G-AgNPs were compared with two commercially available different diameter sizes (20 and 80-100 nm) of AgNPs (C-AgNPs1- and C-AgNPs2, respectively). The sample's capacity for antioxidants was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The consequences showed that G-AgNPs have higher radical scavenging activity (47.8%) than C-AgNPs2 (39.49%) and C-AgNPs1 (33.91%). To investigate the photocatalytic property, methylene blue dye was used. The results displayed that G-AgNPs is an effective photo-catalyst compared to C-AgNPs2 and C-AgNPs1, which respectively have an inhibition potential of 75.22, 51.94, and 56.65%. Also, the antimicrobial capacity of nanoparticles was assayed against, the gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results indicated that G-AgNPs could effectively inhibit the growth of both bacteria, compared to C-AgNPs1 and C-AgNPs2. Finally, G-AgNPs exhibited a considerable α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effect (88.37%) in comparison with C-AgNPs1 (61.7%) and C-AgNPs2 (50.5%).
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Taraxacum , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , alfa-Glucosidases , Prata/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , FloresRESUMO
AIMS: To determine the rates and predictors of the regression to normoglycemia and progression to diabetes among subjects with pre-diabetes. METHODS: A 10-year longitudinal population-based study was conducted among 1329 participants with pre-diabetes in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Pre-diabetes was divided into isolated IFG (iIFG), isolated IGT (iIGT), and combined IFG/IGT. Univariate and stepwise multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of glycemic conversions. RESULTS: The cumulative incidences of normoglycemia and diabetes were 43.7% (95%CI 40.9-46.4) and 40.1% (37.3-42.7), respectively. Isolated IGT returned to normoglycemia more than iIFG (HR:1.26, 1.05-1.51), but there was no difference in how quickly they progressed to diabetes. Regression to normoglycemia was associated with younger age, female sex, lower BMI, no familial history of diabetes, higher HDL-C, and ex-smoking. Older age, higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, lower HDL-C, and familial history for diabetes were associated with progression to diabetes. The influence of BMI on glycemic status conversions diminished with age. At approximately above 60 years old, the hazards of BMI for any conversions faded out. CONCLUSIONS: The modifiable predictors of regression to normoglycemia and progression to diabetes are roughly the same. The importance of BMI attenuates in elderly subjects.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Intolerância à Glucose , Estado Pré-Diabético , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: We aimed to determine the predictors of regression to normoglycemia and progression to diabetes among subjects with pre-diabetes in a single model concurrently. Methods: The present study included 1329 participants aged 20 to 70 years with prediabetes from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, with a 10-year follow-up. Glycemic status at follow-up was categorized as regression to normoglycemia: fasting plasma glucose [FPG] of <5.55 and 2h-plasma glucose [PG] of <7.77 mmol/L, and not taking antidiabetic medications. Glycemic status at follow-up was categorized as progression to diabetes: FPG ≥7 or 2h-PG of ≥11.1 mmol/L, or taking antidiabetic medications. Glycemic status determined whether the patients remained in prediabetes category (isolated impaired fasting glycaemia [iIFG] [(5.55≤FPG<7 and 2h-PG<7.77 mmol/L); isolated impared glucose tolarence [iIGT] (7.77 ≤ 2h-PG<11.1 and FGP<5.55 mmol/L)]. With prediabetes as a reference, multinomial logistic regression was utilized to identify the determinants of glycemic changes. Results: Approximately 40% of participants returned to normoglycemia (n = 578), and similar percentage of participants progressed to diabetes (n = 518). Based on the multivariable multinomial model, regression to normoglycemia was associated with age (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99), female sex (RRR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.18-2.50), high education level of ≥12 years (RRR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.19-3.70), and combined IFG/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) versus IFG (RRR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70). The risk of progression to diabetes increased with body mass index (RRR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15), waist circumference (RRR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99), positive familial history of diabetes (RRR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.45), and combined IFG/IGT versus IFG (RRR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.71-3.77). Conclusion: A small percentage of patients with prediabetes remain in this condition, but the majority go on to develop diabetes or regress to normoglycemia. Both directions had distinct predictors.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Intolerância à Glucose , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Feminino , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Glicemia , Progressão da Doença , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Hipoglicemiantes , LipídeosRESUMO
Background: The substantial increasing trend of binge drinking is a global alarm. Our aim was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies to explore the association of current smoking with binge drinking among adults. Methods: We systematically searched Web of Knowledge; PubMed; Scopus; Embase and Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, and PsycTests) (from inception to 27 May 2020) databases to identify cross-sectional studies of the association between current smoking and binge drinking. Study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were all carried out by two independent authors. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects model in the meta-analysis, followed by the investigation of the heterogeneity via Q-test and I 2 statistic. We assessed publication bias using a funnel plot, the Egger's, and Begg's tests. Results: We identified 3,171 studies and included nine cross-sectional studies with 64,516 participants. A significant association was found between current smoking and binge drinking among both genders (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.98 to 4.45; I 2 = 90.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that this association among women, men, Caucasians, and Asians/Africans were (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.03 to 13.18; I 2 = 98.9%), (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.42; I 2 = 73.1%), (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.83, I 2 = 47.4%), and (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.99-5.17, I 2 = 61.3%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: Current smoking is associated with binge drinking and can be used for identifying and screening binge drinkers. Moreover, this association is stronger among men, and Asians/Africans. This meta-analysis estimation was limited to English-language studies, and the full text of about 3.5% of reports for retrieval was not found, then generalization of the results should be done with caution.
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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many challenges such as increased number of patients and the risk of the disease progress in the world's healthcare systems, especially nursing. The capacity of technology can help nursing in such conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 with home care by using telenursing. METHODS: The present study is a qualitative research conducted using the descriptive phenomenological method. The participants were selected using purposive sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining ethical approval, data were collected through semistructured interviews. Open-ended questions and follow-up were used in the interviews. The interviews were conducted using Skype application and telephone. All data were recorded, and MAXQDA software was used to manage the data. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to evaluate the trustworthiness of the data. RESULTS: The main themes and their subthemes included 'facilitators' (improvement of relationships, adequate education and counselling, adequate care and support, improvement and promotion of health) and 'barriers' (lack of previous knowledge and experience, infrastructure problems, confusion in hospital programmes and the pressure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic). CONCLUSION: Given the potential capacity of telenursing, strong field studies are recommended to be conducted in this area. The results of such studies can contribute to the rapid and serious use of telenursing in the area of care, education, support, follow-up and counselling of patients.
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Glyoxal (GO), a by-product of glucose auto-oxidation, is involved in the glycation of proteins/ lipids and formation of advanced glycation (AGE) and lipoxidation (ALE) end products. AGE/ALE were shown to contribute to diabetic complications development/progression such as nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy progression has an oxidative nature. Given the antioxidant effects of polyphenols, potential protective effects of resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid, in rat renal cells treated with GO, were evaluated in the present work. According to our results, incubation of GO with the cells reduced their viability and led to membrane lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and lysosomal membrane leakage. These findings were prevented by pre-treatment with resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid. Mitochondrial and lysosomal toxic interactions appear to worsen oxidative stress/cytotoxicity produced by GO. Resveratrol, curcumin and gallic acid inhibited ROS formation and attenuated GO-induced renal cell death.
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The alterations in liver function in patients after major liver resection are complex. Partial hepatectomy surgery is considered as a selective therapeutic approach in many benign and malignant liver tumors, secondary metastases, and liver trauma. According to surgical techniques most often based on vascular control and hepatic venous closure (Pringle maneuver), related complications such as ischemia and decreased venous return during and after surgery can be seen. In this study, the effects of Mannitol and N-acetylcysteine, on liver function, after hepatectomy surgery, were compared. This study was shown that infusion N-acetylcysteine next to mannitol, in partial hepatectomy surgeries, was not the significant difference to improve liver function, hemodynamic status, and laboratory tests.
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The current study aimed to determine the prognostic values of personality traits for common psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adult. In a large sample of healthy people (n = 4763) who lived in Isfahan province; the NEO-FFI was used to assess the personality traits; depression and anxiety were assessed using the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" also stress was measured through Persian validated version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) analysis was used as main statistical method for data analysis. ROC analysis showed neuroticism was the best predictor for all psychological problems with highest area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for stress, 0.837 (0.837-0.851), anxiety 0.861 (0.847-0.876) and depression 0.833 (0.820-0.846) (p < .001) and the corresponding cut-off points (sensitivity, specificity), were 21.5 (77%, 66%), 22.5 (81%, 77%) and 20.5 (77%, 74%), respectively. Other personality traits were significant protective factors for being affected with psychological problems (p < .001). Similar findings were observed separately in women and men. The present study showed that the neuroticism is significant risk factor for being affected with three psychological problems while other traits are significant protective factors. Personality traits are useful indices for screening psychological problems and an effective pathway toward prevention in general population.
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Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Depressão/diagnóstico , Neuroticismo , Determinação da Personalidade , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Personalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Técnicas Psicológicas , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although opioids are the main choice for acute postoperative pain control, many side effects have been reported for them. NSAIDs and paracetamol have been used extensively as alternatives, and it seems that they are more effective for minor to moderate pain control postoperatively when have been used alone or in combination with opioids. As laparoscopic cholecystectomy poses moderate pain postoperatively, this study was planned to assess whether paracetamol is able to provide effective analgesia as a sole analgesic at least in the first few hours post operatively. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effect of intravenous Paracetamol on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a randomized double- blind clinical trial study. 30 patients ASA class I, aged 18 to 50 years, candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited, and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (paracetamol group) received 1 gr paracetamol and group B received placebo ten minutes after the induction of anesthesia. 0.1 mg/Kg Morphine was administered intravenously based on patients compliant and pain score >3. Pain score and the opioids consumption were recorded in the first six hours postoperative. Patient's pain was measured by the VAS (Visual Analog Scale). RESULTS: The pain score was lower in group A (P= 0.01), but the morphine consumption showed no significant difference between the groups (P= 0.24) during the first 6 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Although paracetamol (1gr) has caused a better pain relief quality but it is not a suitable analgesic for moderate pain control in acute phase after surgery alone.