Retrospective CBCT analysis of maxillary sinus pathology prevalence in the Saudi Arabian population.

Introduction: Maxillary sinus pathology, particularly its association with odontogenic infections, is a significant concern in dentistry. This retrospective study explored the prevalence of maxillary sinus pathologies and their association with odontogenic infections in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective study included 411 patients aged 20-80 years. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed to identify the presence, location, and characteristics of odontogenic infections and maxillary sinus pathologies. Patients' age and sex were also recorded. Results: Sinusitis was prevalent in 50.6 % of the cases, with no significant sex or age differences in the pathology distribution. A notable association was found between odontogenic and sinus pathologies, particularly on the left side. Conclusion: A significant prevalence of sinus pathologies, particularly sinusitis, was observed, with an association between odontogenic and sinus pathologies, notably on the left side. While acknowledging the limitations of the study, these findings underscore the need for integrated dental and sinus health assessments.

Outcome of Implant Diameter and Length on the Distribution of Stress with Immediate Loaded Implants: A 3D Finite Element Analysis.

Objectives: To assess the outcome of implant diameter and length on THE distribution of stress using a three-dimensional (3D) finite elements (FE) analysis, with immediate loading implants. Materials and Methods: This study made use of a 3D FE model of an implant encased in a chunk of bone. The LEADER/ITALIA-Fix type implant was created specifically for immediate loading. To create a solid model of the implant and bone and to carry out the FE analysis, the ANSYS V.12 programme was used. Results: The findings indicated that the neck of dental implants is the area of highest stress for all implant diameters and lengths, with an increase in implant length from 10 mm to 12 mm resulting in a slight raise in stress at the interface of implant-bone, and an increase in diameter from 3.75 mm to 4.25 mm having no appreciable impact on the value of stresses around dental implants. Conclusion: It was concluded that an increase in length has a negative effect on stress, while a diameter increase has no discernible impact on stress values.

Assessment of 5% Amlexanox, 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide and 0.03% Tacrolimus in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus.

Objectives: Compare 5% amlexanox, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide, and 0.03% tacrolimus in the management of oral lichen planus (OLP). Materials and Methods: A received 0.03% tacrolimus, group B received 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide and group C received topical 5% amlexanox. All patients were evaluated for pain on visual analog scale (VAS) and erosive area on day 1, 7, and 15. Results: There was decrease in visual analogue score (VAS) for pain in all tested group after 15 days. There was significant decrease in erosive area in left and right buccal mucosa in all groups after 15 days for inter and intra group comparison. Conclusion: All the drugs used were effective in management of patients with OLP and thus it can be advised to consider these agents as alternatives.

Clinical and CBCT Assessment of Crestal Bone Changes in Immediate and Delayed Placement of Implant.

Objectives: The present research was done to assess the crestal bone changes in immediate and delayed dental implant placement. Materials and Method: Twenty four implant sites in participants within the age group of 25-60 years in both genders were done with immediate (Group I) and delayed implant (Group II) placement method. Clinical parameters such as pain, mobility, and radiographic assessment for crestal bone alterations were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results and Conclusion: On intergroup assessment, the mean variation of the pain, mobility, and crestal bone loss was insignificant.

Assessment of Biograft-HT with I-PRF Graft in Immediate Dental Implant Placement.

Objectives: This research was done to assess the efficacy of I-PRF and bone graft in immediate dental implant placement. Materials and Method: Twenty patients were selected randomly into 2 groups with 10 samples in each as Group I- using I-PRF and Group II with synthetic bone replacement alloplast (biograft-HT) after immediate implant placement. Postoperative clinical assessment after graft placement was done based on visual analog scale for pain, modified gingival index and modified plaque index at 2nd, 4th, and 6th months. A radiographic assessment of bone density was performed two and six months after the placement of the implant. Result: There was a statistically considerable variation between the change in modified plaque index and modified gingival index. There was a statistically insignificant divergence in the mean visual analog scale between the two groups at 1, 3, and 6 days. Group I demonstrated a higher change in bone density than group II, with a statistically significant difference (P = .002). Conclusion: An innovative, safe, and efficient method for controlling the healing process around immediate dental implants is provided by the use of I-PRF in conjunction with immediate dental implant placement.

An In vitro evaluation of effect of implant abutment on human gingival epithelial keratinocytes.

Background: Abutment surfaces are being designed to promote gingival soft tissue attachment and integration. This confirms implant survival for long term by forming a seal around the prosthetics. Objectives: This study was done to compare the biocompatibility of three implant abutments: titanium uncoated, Ti-nitride coated, and modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with human gingival keratinocytes. Materials and Methods: The titanium-uncoated, titanium-nitride-coated, and modified PEEK discs (13 mm × 3 mm) were fabricated and compared with uncoated polyester cell culture discs, which were used as controls. These three implant abutments were evaluated for biocompatibility with respect to human gingival keratinocytes for viability, morphology, proliferation, and migration by scanning electron microscopy imaging and scratch wound healing assays. Measurements of roughness show changes between the investigated surfaces. Results: Keratinocytes cultured on all examined surfaces indicated adhesion and attachment. An assay of cell viability showed no substantial variances among the groups. The modified PEEK surface showed greater cell proliferation and migration among the three abutment materials. Conclusion: All three abutment material surface types showed similar epithelial biological responses. However, modified PEEK material showed the highest biocompatibility.

Résumé Contexte: Les surfaces des piliers sont conçues pour favoriser la fixation et l'intégration des tissus mous gingivaux. Cela confirme l'implantation survie à long terme en formant un joint autour des prothèses. Objectifs : Cette étude a été réalisée pour comparer la biocompatibilité de trois Piliers Implantaires : titane non revêtu, revêtu de nitrure de titane et polyétheréthercétone modifié (PEEK) avec des kératinocytes gingivaux humains. Matériaux et Méthodes: les disques PEEK non revêtus de titane, revêtus de nitrure de titane et modifiés (13 mm × 3 mm) ont été fabriqués et comparés à des disques de culture cellulaire en polyester non revêtus, qui ont été utilisés comme témoins. Ces trois piliers implantaires ont été évalués pour biocompatibilité vis-à-vis des kératinocytes gingivaux humains pour la viabilité, la morphologie, la prolifération et la migration par balayage électronique l'imagerie microscopique et les tests de cicatrisation des plaies. Les mesures de rugosité montrent des changements entre les surfaces étudiées. Résultats: Les kératinocytes cultivés sur toutes les surfaces examinées ont indiqué une adhérence et une fixation. Un test de viabilité cellulaire n'a montré aucune écarts entre les groupes. La surface PEEK modifiée a montré une plus grande prolifération et migration cellulaire parmi les trois matériaux de pilier. Conclusion: Les trois types de surfaces de matériaux de pilier ont montré des réponses biologiques épithéliales similaires. Cependant, le matériau PEEK modifié a montré la biocompatibilité la plus élevée. Mots-clés: Biocompatibilité, implant, kératinocytes, prothèses, microscopie électronique à balayage.

An in vitro comparative assessment of manual hand file, rotary protaper ni-ti, erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, canal brush, and ultrasound methods for smear layer removal.

Background: Selection of instruments is important to prevent any complications such as ledge formation and instrument breakage. The main drawback linked with instrumentation is smear layer formation. Objectives: This study was done for comparison of manual hand file, rotary ProTaper Ni-Ti, erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, ultrasound, and CanalBrush (CB) methods for smear layer removal. Methodology: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purpose were selected and classified into six groups. Group I was negative control in which no final agitation of irrigant was performed. In Group II, solution activation was performed with ProTaper Universal System, in Group III, solution activation was done with canal brush, in Group IV, ultrasound activation was done, in Group V, solution agitation was performed with Er:YAG laser agitation, and in Group VI, canal preparation with hand files was performed. Smear layer score was evaluated after canal preparation with each method. Results: Score 1 was seen in 3 (30%) in Group IV and 6 (60%) in Group V, score 2 was seen in 3 (30%) in Group I, 8 (80%) in Group II, 7 (70%) in Group III, 5 (50%) in Group IV, 3 (30%) in Group V, and 4 (40%) in Group VI. Score 3 was observed in 7 (70%) in Group I, 2 (20%) in Group II, 3 (70%) in Group III, 2 (20%) in Group IV, 1 (10%) in Group V, and 6 (60%) in Group VI. A statistically significant difference was found in smear layer removal score in all groups (P < 0.05) except between Group I versus VI (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Complete removal of the smear layer was not observed in any of the methods used in the study; however, Er: YAG laser was found to be better as compared to other methods.

Résumé Contexte: La sélection des instruments est importante pour éviter toute complication telle que la formation de rebords et la rupture d'instruments. Les Le principal inconvénient lié à l'instrumentation est la formation d'une couche de frottis. Objectifs: Cette étude a été réalisée pour comparer des limes manuelles, méthodes rotatives ProTaper Ni-Ti, laser erbium:yttrium-aluminium-grenat (Er:YAG), ultrasons et CanalBrush (CB) pour l'élimination des frottis. Méthodologie: Soixante premières prémolaires mandibulaires monoracinaires fraîchement extraites à des fins de traitement orthodontique ont été sélectionnées et classés en six groupes. Le groupe I était un témoin négatif dans lequel aucune agitation finale de l'irrigant n'a été effectuée. Dans le groupe II, l'activation de la solution a été réalisée avec le système universel ProTaper, dans le groupe III, l'activation de la solution a été effectuée avec une brosse canalaire, dans le groupe IV, l'activation par ultrasons a été fait, dans le groupe V, l'agitation de la solution a été effectuée avec une agitation au laser Er:YAG, et dans le groupe VI, la préparation du canal avec des limes manuelles a été effectué. Le score de la couche de frottis a été évalué après la préparation du canal avec chaque méthode. Résultats: le score 1 a été observé chez 3 (30 %) dans le groupe IV et 6 (60 %) dans le groupe V, le score 2 a été observé chez 3 (30 %) dans le groupe I, 8 (80 %) dans le groupe II, 7 (70 %) dans le groupe III, 5 (50 %) dans le groupe IV , 3 (30%) dans le groupe V, et 4 (40 %) dans le groupe VI. Le score 3 a été observé chez 7 (70 %) dans le groupe I, 2 (20 %) dans le groupe II, 3 (70 %) dans le groupe III, 2 (20 %) dans Groupe IV, 1 (10 %) dans le groupe V et 6 (60 %) dans le groupe VI. Une différence statistiquement significative a été trouvée dans le score d'élimination des frottis dans tous les groupes (P < 0,05) sauf entre le groupe I et VI (P > 0,05). Conclusion: L'élimination complète de la frottis n'a été observée dans aucun des méthodes utilisées dans l'étude; cependant, le laser Er:YAG s'est avéré meilleur par rapport aux autres méthodes. Mots-clés: Brosse canalaire, erbium : laser yttrium-aluminium-grenat, ProTaper, frottis, ultrasons.

Role of Dentist: COVID19 and Mucormycosis.

Dental practice has evolved over time and has adapted to the challenges that it has faced. The risk of infection spread via droplet and airborne routes poses a significant risk to the dentist who works close to patients. The risk of cross-infection between dental health-care personnel and patients can be very high due to the peculiar arrangements of dental settings. Dental clinics should have air purification systems with high volume excavators and negative pressure rooms for COVID-19 screening. Mucormycosis is a fungal disease that mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals and those with uncontrolled diabetes. Dental extraction can trigger the occurrence. Increased occurrence of mucormycosis is seen in COVID-affected patients. This article gives a review on the dentistry-related transmission of COVID 19, the relation of COVID and mucormycosis.

Comparison of Peri-Implant Clinicoradiographic Parameters among Non-Smokers and Individuals Using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems at 8 Years of Follow-up.

PURPOSE: It is hypothesised the peri-implant soft-tissue inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) are poorer and crestal bone loss (CBL) higher around dental implants placed in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-users than controls (individuals that had never consumed any form of tobacco). The aim of this study was to assess the peri-implant clinicoradiographic parameters among non-smokers and individuals using ENDS at 8 years of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-reported non-smokers and individuals habitually using ENDS were included. A questionnaire was used to gather information about age in years, sex (female or male), daily frequency and duration of use of ENDS, family history of smoking and/or vaping, daily toothbrushing and flossing and most recent visit to a dentist or dental hygienist. These patients were evaluated for peri-implant CBL, PD, PI, BOP. The mesial and distal CBL was measured on digital bitewing radiographs that were taken using the long-cone paralleling technique. Group comparisons were statistically assessed and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven individuals (92 males and 35 females) were included. Sixty-three individuals (46 males and 17 females) had used ENDS for 9.2 ± 0.8 years (group 1) and 64 (46 males and 18 females) did not use any nicotinic products (group 2). The mean ages of individuals in groups 1 and 2 were 34.2 ± 1.3 and 35.1 ± 0.5 years, respectively. In all patients, platform-switched dental implants with moderately rough surfaces were placed at bone level using an insertion torque of 30--35 Ncm. In both groups, implants had a diameter of 4.1 mm and the lengths ranged between 11 and 14 mm. In groups 1 and 2, implants were in function for 8.8 ± 0.4 and 8.5 ± 0.2 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mPI, mBoP, PD, and mesial and distal CBL around implants in groups 1 and 2 at 8 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Dental implants can demonstrate stable clinicoradiographic status and can remain functionally stable in non-smokers and ENDS users, provided that strict home oral hygiene measures are adopted.

Ten-year Survival Rate of Cement- and Screw-retained Restorations on Bone-level Dental Implants in Grafted and Non-grafted Sites: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present 10-year follow-up study was to assess the survival rate of cement- and screw-retained restorations on dental implants placed in grafted sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with cement- (group 1) and screw-retained (group 2) restorations on implants placed in grafted sites and patients with cement- (group 3) and screw-retained (group 4) restorations on implants placed in non-grafted sites were included. Demographic data was recorded using a questionnaire, and information regarding implant dimensions, surface characteristics, insertion torque, type of bone graft used, jaw location and duration of implants in function was retrieved from patients' records. These patients were evaluated for peri-implant crestal bone loss (CBL), probing depth (PD), modified plaque index (mPI), and modified bleeding on probing (mBOP). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Eighty-eight partially edentulous individuals (n = 22 in each group) were included. The mean ages of individuals in all groups were comparable in all groups. In each patient, 1 bone-level platform-switched dental implant with moderately rough surfaces was placed using an insertion torque of 30-35 Ncm. In all groups, the length and diameter of implants ranged between 11-14 mm and 4.1-5 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mPI, mBoP, PD, and mesial and distal CBR around implants in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Bone-level implants restored with cement and screw-retained restorations can possess a stable clinicoradiographic status and remain functional in grafted and non-grafted sites, provided strict domestic oral hygiene measures are adopted and routine dental prophylaxis is carried out by oral healthcare providers.