Comparison of indirect computed tomographic lymphography and near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping for integumentary canine mast cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the independent and combined use of indirect computed tomographic lymphography (ICTL) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in dogs with integumentary mast cell tumors (MCT) and report the metastatic LN rate. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twenty client-owned dogs. METHODS: Dogs underwent preoperative ICTL, then intraoperative NIRF SLN mapping and excision of the anatomic lymph node (ALN) and/or SLN, and primary MCT. Technique agreement was complete if the same SLN was detected, and partial if the same SLN was detected along with additional SLN. No agreement occurred if the techniques detected different or no SLN. MCT were graded using two- and three-tier schemes, and LN were graded from HN0-3; HN2-3 were considered metastatic. RESULTS: Complete, partial, and no agreement between ICTL and NIRF was seen in 8/20 (40%), 8/20 (40%), and 4/20 (20%) dogs, respectively. Detection of ICTL-SLN and NIRF-SLN failed in 1/20 (5%) and 4/20 (20%), respectively. Tumors were grade II/low-grade in 19/20 (95%) and grade III/high-grade in 1/20 (5%) dogs. Nineteen out of 20 (95%) dogs had HN2-3 LN. CONCLUSIONS: Technique agreement of at least one SLN was seen in 16/20 (80%) dogs. Although most MCT were classified as intermediate to low grade, LN metastases were commonly detected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Combining ICTL and NIRF for MCT SLN mapping yields high SLN detection rates. Lymph node metastasis may be more common than previously reported for intermediate to low grade MCT.

Idiopathic anomalous congenital band causing small intestinal obstruction in a 5-month-old dog.

A 5-month-old, intact male, yellow Labrador retriever was presented with a 24-hour history of anorexia and vomiting. Abdominal imaging revealed the presence of a mechanical obstruction in the jejunum and peritoneal effusion. Cytologic evaluation and culture of the effusion prior to surgery identified a suppurative exudate with bacteria consistent with septic peritonitis and suspected to be related to the intestinal lesion. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a segment of jejunum was circumferentially severely constricted by an off-white, fibrous band of tissue. Resection and anastomosis of the strangulated segment of jejunum and excision of the constricting band provided resolution of the clinical signs. The dog made a complete recovery. Histologic evaluation revealed the band to be composed of fibrovascular and smooth muscle tissue, consistent with an idiopathic anomalous congenital band. No other gastrointestinal lesions were observed, either grossly at surgery or histologically in the resected segment of intestine. To our knowledge, a similar structure has not been reported in the veterinary literature. Key clinical message: Developmental abnormalities should be included in the differential list for younger patients with signs suggestive of gastrointestinal obstruction.

Anneau congénital anormal idiopathique provoquant une occlusion de l'intestin grêle chez un chien de 5 mois. Un Labrador retriever intact mâle âgé de 5 mois a été présenté avec une histoire de 24 heures d'anorexie et de vomissements. L'imagerie abdominale a révélé la présence d'une obstruction mécanique du jéjunum et d'un épanchement péritonéal. L'évaluation cytologique et la culture de l'épanchement avant la chirurgie ont identifié un exsudat suppuré avec des bactéries compatibles avec une péritonite septique et suspectées d'être liées à la lésion intestinale. Une laparotomie exploratoire a été réalisée et un segment de jéjunum était sévèrement resserré sur toute sa circonférence par une bande de tissu fibreux de couleur blanc-cassé. La résection et l'anastomose du segment étranglé du jéjunum et l'excision de la bande constrictive ont permis la résolution des signes cliniques. Le chien s'est complètement rétabli. L'évaluation histologique a révélé que la bande était composée de tissu musculaire fibrovasculaire et lisse, compatible avec une bande congénitale anormale idiopathique. Aucune autre lésion gastro-intestinale n'a été observée, ni grossièrement à la chirurgie ni histologiquement dans le segment réséqué de l'intestin. A notre connaissance, une structure similaire n'a pas été rapportée dans la littérature vétérinaire.Message clinique clé :Les anomalies du développement doivent être incluses dans la liste différentielle des patients plus jeunes présentant des signes évoquant une occlusion gastro-intestinale.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Ventral cervical subcutaneous Aspergillus species fungal granuloma in a cat.

Case summary: An 8-year-old domestic longhair cat was evaluated for a right ventral subcutaneous cervical mass. Serial bloodwork and contrast-enhanced cranial and thoracic CT initially lacked ethmoturbinate lysis and showed a progressive, vascularized, right ventral cervical mass involving local lymph nodes. The mass was removed surgically on two occasions. Histopathology and fungal culture were diagnostic for a recurring sclerosing fungal granuloma and pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic lymphadenitis, consistent with Aspergillus species. The cat was treated with oral itraconazole; however, owing to the owner's non-compliance in administering the medication and disease progression, the cat was humanely euthanized 3 years after diagnosis. Relevance and novel information: The development of a cervical subcutaneous fungal granuloma of Aspergillus species in a domestic longhair cat before obvious maxillary, orbital or ethmoturbinate lysis on initial diagnostics is rare and suggests an early onset of lymphatic or hematogenous spread from a suspected nidus of infection within the sinonasal cavity.

Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty as a treatment option for capital physeal fractures in dogs: Outcome in 53 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of dogs that underwent Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty (Z-THA) for the repair of acute and chronic capital physeal fractures (CPF) and document the CPF-related hip remodeling. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fifty-three Z-THA in 53 dogs. METHODS: Medical records of dogs (2006-2019) that underwent Z-THA for CPF management were reviewed. Dogs were divided into two groups on the basis of the days elapsed between CPF diagnosis and Z-THA, acute (≤30 days) and chronic (>30 days). Hip remodeling variables were determined from preoperative radiographs or intraoperatively. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the complication rates, outcome, and coxofemoral remodeling were recorded. Comparisons of remodeling variables and rates between groups were performed by using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In total, 23 of 53 (43.4%) cases were acute, and 30 of 53 (56.6%) cases were chronic. There was no difference in the femoral remodeling rates between the acute and chronic groups (P = .184), whereas acetabular remodeling was more prevalent in the chronic group (P < .001). Intraoperative complications occurred in four of 53 (7.5% [1/23 acute, 3/30 chronic]) cases, and postoperative complications occurred in six of 53 (11.3% [2/23 acute, 4/30 chronic]) cases. Good clinical outcomes were achieved in 51 of 53 (96.2% [21 acute, 30 chronic]) cases. CONCLUSION: Complication rates of Z-THA for CPF repair were similar to the complication rates reported for Z-THA of dysplastic hips. Hip remodeling was common regardless of CPF chronicity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty is viable for surgical management of CPF. There is a high likelihood that hip remodeling will be encountered, even in fractures treated within 30 days of presenting for hind limb lameness.

A perineal cystic hamartoma causing constipation in an intact female Irish water spaniel.

A perineal fluid-filled structure was discovered in a 6-year-old intact female Irish water spaniel suffering from intermittent constipation. Diagnostic tests revealed the structure was immediately caudal to the vagina and compatible with a cyst. Surgical excision was required for resolution of clinical signs. Histology confirmed the structure was a cyst. The exact origin is unknown; however, the variety of lining epithelia, including sections with mucin production, and a well-differentiated smooth muscle layer, were most consistent with development from the lower hindgut or urogenital sinus during embryonic growth. The histologic and anatomical similarities with human retrorectal cystic hamartomas were key in establishing the diagnosis of a perineal cystic hamartoma. Following removal, constipation resolved, and the cyst did not recur.

Hamartome kystique périnéal causant de la constipation chez une femelle intacte de race épagneul d'eau irlandais. Une structure périnéale remplie de liquide fut découverte chez une chienne intacte de race épagneul d'eau irlandais âgée de 6 ans souffrant de constipation intermittente. Les tests diagnostiques ont révélé que la structure était immédiatement caudale au vagin et était compatible avec un kyste. L'excision chirurgicale était requise pour la résolution des signes cliniques. L'histologie confirma que la structure était un kyste. L'origine exacte est inconnue; toutefois, la diversité de l'épithélium de couverture, incluant des sections avec production de mucine, et une couche bien différenciée de muscle lisse, étaient plus cohérentes avec un développement à partir du tractus digestif postérieur ou du sinus urogénital lors de la croissance embryonnaire. Les similarités histologique et anatomique avec l'hamartome rétro-rectal humain étaient critiques pour établir le diagnostic d'hamartome kystique périnéal. À la suite du retrait, la constipation s'est résolue, et il n'y a pas eu de récurrence du kyste.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).