Effects of quercetin on mineralized dental tissues: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review (SR) aimed to investigate the impact of quercetin on mineralized dental tissues intended to be used in preventive and restorative dentistry. METHODS: This SR was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR statement. A comprehensive search was performed across databases for articles published up to March 2024. Eligible studies included in vitro and in situ studies and evaluating the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on dental enamel and dentin. Data were extracted, and synthesis of study findings was conducted. RESULTS: Out of the 2322 records screened, 22 studies were included in the review. Quercetin, in solution or into dental materials increased the bond strength to enamel and dentin. Additionally, quercetin also enhanced the bond strength of enamel after bleaching. Co-administration of quercetin with fluoride prevented erosive wear and inhibited the proteolytic activity in dentin more effectively than either agent alone. Hardness and modulus of elasticity was higher in dentin treated with quercetin compared to placebo. Reduction of nanoleakage at the composite-dentin interface was reduced in the presence of quercetin as a solution or incorporated into dental adhesives. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin exhibits promising therapeutic effects on mineralized dental tissues, including remineralization and enhancement of bond strength. It shows potential as a multifunctional agent for improving the longevity and effectiveness of dental biomaterials, as well as in preventing erosion and dental caries. However, as these conclusions are largely drawn from lab-based (in vitro) studies, further research, including clinical trials, is needed to fully explore its therapeutic potential and applications in dentistry.

Effect of a novel low-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel containing nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate and fluoride.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in vitro the effects of nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) and sodium fluoride (F) added to a 17.5 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel on the color change, enamel mechanical and morphological properties, and H2O2 transamelodentinal diffusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine enamel/dentin discs (n = 180) were divided according to the bleaching gel: 17.5 % H2O2 (17.5 % HP); 17.5 % H2O2 + 0.1 % F (HP/F); 17.5 % H2O2 + 1 % TMPnano (HP/TMPnano); 17.5 % H2O2 + 0.1 % F + 1 % TMPnano (HP/F/TMPnano) and 35 % H2O2 (35 % HP). The gels were applied for 40 min on three sessions, each session spaced 7 days apart. The total color change (ΔE*ab) according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color change measured by CIEDE2000 (ΔE00), whitening index (ΔWID), surface hardness (SH), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and transamelodentinal diffusion were assessed. Enamel surfaces were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID values were comparable among the gels that produced a bleaching effect post-treatment (p < 0.001). The HP/F/TMPnano group exhibited lower mineral loss (SH and ΔKHN), Ra, and H2O2 diffusion compared to the 17.5 % HP and 35 % HP groups, which had the highest values (p < 0.001). SEM/EDS analysis revealed surface changes in all bleached groups, though these changes were less pronounced with F/TMPnano. CONCLUSIONS: The 17.5 % HP gel containing F/TMPnano maintains the bleaching effect while reducing enamel demineralization, roughness, H2O2 diffusion, and enamel morphological changes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Low-Concentration H2O2 bleaching gel containing F/TMPnano can be used as a novel approach to enhance safety and maintain the performance of aesthetic effects.

Cardiovascular and Renal Effects Induced by Alpha-Lipoic Acid Treatment in Two-Kidney-One-Clip Hypertensive Rats.

α-Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant of endogenous production, also obtained exogenously. Oxidative stress is closely associated with hypertension, which causes kidney injury and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the cardiovascular and renal effects of LA in the two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertension model. The rats were divided into four groups: Sham surgery (Sham), the two-kidneys-one-clip (2K1C) group, and groups treated with LA for 14 days (Sham-LA and 2K1C-LA). No changes were observed in the pattern of food, water intake, and urinary volume. The left/right kidney weight LKw/RKw ratio was significantly higher in 2K1C animals. LA treatment did not reverse the increase in cardiac mass. In relation to vascular reactivity, there was an increase in the potency of phenylephrine (PHE) curve in the hypertensive animals treated with LA compared to the 2K1C group and also compared to the Sham group. Vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were not improved by treatment with LA. Urea and creatinine levels were not altered by the LA treatment. In conclusion, the morphological changes in the aorta and heart were not reversed; however, the treatment with LA mitigated the contraction increase induced by the 2K1C hypertension.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis in patients with HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to evaluate the effectiveness of the adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in subjects with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and periodontitis. This SRM was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023410180) and followed the guidelines of PRISMA 2020. Searches were performed in different electronic databases. Risk of bias was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) for randomized clinical trials (RCT). Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man software. The mean difference (MD) measure of effect was calculated, the random effect model was applied with a 95% confidence interval, and heterogeneity was tested by the I2 index. The certainty of the evidence was rated using GRADE. A total of 1118 records were screened, and four studies were included. There was a greater reduction in the microbial load of periodontopathogens after NSPT with aPDT. Meta-analysis showed that probing depth (post 3 and 6 months) and clinical attachment loss (post 6 months) were lower for the aPDT-treated group than the NSPT alone: MD -0.39 [-0.74; -0.05], p = 0.02; MD -0.70 [-0.99; -0.41], p < 0.0001; MD -0.84 [-1,34; -0.34], p = 0.0001, respectively. Overall, the studies had a low risk of bias and, the certainty of evidence was rated as moderate. It is suggested that aPDT is a promising adjuvant therapy, showing efficacy in the reduction of the microbial load and in some clinical parameters of individuals with periodontitis and HIV.

Technological prospecting of patents related to monitoring accidents due to falls in hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: to map the production of technologies aimed at monitoring falls in a hospital environment protected by registered patents. METHODS: a technological prospecting of international patents, with a quantitative approach, with search carried out between February and March 2022 in the Derwent Innovations Index database with descriptors fall, hospital, monitoring. RESULTS: 212 patents were found, with the majority filed and published since 2010, by Tran B (9) and Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focused on health technology. Universities were responsible for 13% of deposits. There was a predominance of records from the United States (43.4%), China (21.7%) and Japan (12.3%), in addition to technological strategies classified as devices for the environment (80.7%) and for preventing falls (66.5%) as well as trend towards resources with multiple functionalities in the same technology. CONCLUSIONS: the plurality of functions in the same device reflects the search for optimizing resources and the concern with comprehensive care.

Effects of whey protein supplementation on gut microbiota of Wistar rats with valproic acid-induced autism symptoms.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation (1.24 mg/g, 24 days) in rats with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) induced by valproic acid (400 mg/kg, single dose). Materials & methods: Wistar rats (14 days old) were divided into four groups: control, ASD, ASD plus WP and WP. Results: WP increased bacterial diversity and the number of colonies. Bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum were predominantly found in the supplemented groups (p < 0.05). WP also improved the animals' memory in the Y-maze test and decreased the time that male animals spent in the 'solitary chamber' (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WP supplementation positively influenced gut microbiota, along with memory.

Thousands of bacteria live in the human intestine. These bacteria help with many functions in the body and are so important that they can communicate with the brain. When the types and abundance of these bacteria change, brain activity can also change. This may be the case in some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may have an increase in harmful types of bacteria and a decrease in beneficial types of bacteria in the gut. Whey protein is a commonly used protein supplement for muscle growth. However, many studies have shown its benefits for gut bacteria. The authors investigated the effects of whey protein in animals with symptoms of ASD and showed that supplementation with whey protein increased the number of beneficial bacteria. In addition, the rats given whey protein had better memory. ASD-induced rats were less sociable, spending more time by themselves. However, male animals treated with whey protein spent less time alone. Supplementation with whey protein was beneficial for gut bacteria and memory in rats.

Effects of Beetroot-Based Supplements on Muscular Endurance and Strength in Healthy Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature and analyze the effects of beetroot-based supplements (BRS) on muscular performance. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the acute or short-term effects of BRS administration on muscular endurance and/or strength in healthy male individuals were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases from inception to February 20th, 2023. In addition, we also searched preprint papers in medRxiv.org, bibRxiv.org; thesis and dissertations included in oatd.org; and clinical trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov. Data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality were assessed by 2 authors. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed using a random-effects model. A total of 1486 records were identified in the databases and 2 were obtained by manual search in the reference list. Of those, 27 studies attended eligibility criteria and composed this systematic review. BRS administration resulted in a positive effect on muscular endurance (SMD: 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10 to 0.51; p < 0.01; n = 16 studies). There was an overall significative effect for muscular strength (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.48; p < 0.05; n = 18 studies), but a subgroup analysis showed that significant effects were found when strength was measured in a fatigued (SMD: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.03; p < 0.01), but not resting state. BRS administration have a small ergogenic effect on muscular endurance and attenuate the decline in muscular strength in a fatigued state in healthy male individuals.

Beetroot-based supplements can improve muscular endurance and attenuates the decline in muscular strength. These effects are attributed to the inorganic nitrate contained in these products, which ranged from 316­985 mg/day, ingested 2­3 hours before exercise.Beetroot-based supplements administration can generate a modest increase in the number of repetitions performed to failure or in exercise time to exhaustion, which may contribute to the performance and optimization of the results of people involved in isotonic exercises (e.g., resistance training).Beetroot-based supplements ingestion can improve muscular strength, particularly it aids in the recovery of muscular strength after a fatiguing task.

Technological prospecting of patents related to monitoring accidents due to falls in hospitals / Prospección tecnológica de patentes relacionadas con el seguimiento de accidentes por caídas en hospitales / Prospecção tecnológica de patentes relacionadas ao monitoramento de acidentes por quedas em hospitais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the production of technologies aimed at monitoring falls in a hospital environment protected by registered patents. Methods: a technological prospecting of international patents, with a quantitative approach, with search carried out between February and March 2022 in the Derwent Innovations Index database with descriptors fall, hospital, monitoring. Results: 212 patents were found, with the majority filed and published since 2010, by Tran B (9) and Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focused on health technology. Universities were responsible for 13% of deposits. There was a predominance of records from the United States (43.4%), China (21.7%) and Japan (12.3%), in addition to technological strategies classified as devices for the environment (80.7%) and for preventing falls (66.5%) as well as trend towards resources with multiple functionalities in the same technology. Conclusions: the plurality of functions in the same device reflects the search for optimizing resources and the concern with comprehensive care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear la producción de tecnologías destinadas al monitoreo de caídas en un ambiente hospitalario protegido por patentes registradas. Métodos: prospección tecnológica de patentes internacionales, con enfoque cuantitativo, con búsqueda realizada entre febrero y marzo de 2022 en la base de datos Derwent Innovations Index con los descriptores caída, hospital, monitoreo. Resultados: se encontraron 212 patentes, la mayoría presentadas y publicadas desde 2010, por Tran B (9) y Cerner Innovation Inc (9), enfocadas en tecnología de la salud. Las universidades fueron responsables del 13% de los depósitos. Hubo predominio de registros de Estados Unidos (43,4%), China (21,7%) y Japón (12,3%), además de estrategias tecnológicas catalogadas como dispositivos ambientales (80,7%) y para prevenir caídas (66,5%), así como la tendencia hacia recursos con múltiples funcionalidades en una misma tecnología. Conclusiones: la pluralidad de funciones en un mismo dispositivo refleja la búsqueda de optimización de recursos y la preocupación por la atención integral.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear a produção de tecnologias voltadas para monitoramento de quedas em ambiente hospitalar protegidas por patentes registradas. Métodos: prospecção tecnológica de patentes internacionais, com abordagem quantitativa, com busca realizada entre fevereiro e março de 2022 na base Derwent Innovations Index com os descritores fall, hospital, monitoring. Resultados: foram encontradas 212 patentes, com maioria depositada e publicada a partir de 2010, por Tran B (9) e Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focadas em tecnologia em saúde. As universidades foram responsáveis por 13% dos depósitos. Houve predomínio de registros dos Estados Unidos (43,4%), da China (21,7%) e Japão (12,3%), além de estratégias tecnológicas classificadas como dispositivos para ambiente (80,7%) e para prevenção de quedas (66,5%), bem como a tendência de recursos com múltiplas funcionalidades em uma mesma tecnologia. Conclusões: a pluralidade de funções em um mesmo dispositivo reflete a busca pela otimização dos recursos e a preocupação com a integralidade do cuidado.

Kogan Scale - Attitudes toward old people: tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação no Brasil / Kogan Scale - Attitudes toward old people: traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación en Brasil / Kogan Scale - Attitudes toward old people: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Brazil

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação da Kogan's Attitude toward Older People Scale (KAOP) para a língua portuguesa no Brasil. Métodos Pesquisa metodológica de tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação da escala Kogan sobre atitudes em relação ao idoso. Seguindo recomendações internacionais, a escala foi traduzida por três nativos brasileiros e posteriormente elaborada versão única por consenso considerando equivalências semânticas e culturais; sendo retro traduzida e avaliada por consultor nativo britânico para análise de similaridade. A versão final foi aplicada em trinta estudantes regularmente matriculados em cursos de graduação na forma de pré-teste. Para validação do instrumento, foi realizado estudo transversal com 904 estudantes de graduação, incluindo cursos da área da saúde, obtendo-se o índice de Alfa Cronbach. Resultados Em 47% (16) dos itens houve exata similaridade entre as traduções e em 53% (18) as semelhanças prevaleceram em relação ao conteúdo, com poucas diferenças semânticas. Em relação ao pré-teste, a maioria dos estudantes tinha até 25 anos (60%), do sexo feminino (76,6%) e solteiros (70%), relatando adequada compreensão da versão em português, sem necessidade de alterações. A consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach) da escala foi de 0,70. Conclusão O processo de tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação da escala Kogan da língua inglesa para o português do Brasil seguiu criteriosamente as etapas recomendadas na literatura. O instrumento resultante foi avaliado como compreensível e com boa consistência interna.

Resumen Objetivo Presentar la traducción, la adaptación transcultural y la validación de la Kogan's Attitude toward Older People Scale (KAOP) para el idioma portugués de Brasil. Métodos Estudio metodológico de traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación de la escala Kogan sobre actitudes hacia personas mayores. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, la escala fue traducida por tres personas nativas brasileñas y luego se elaboró una versión única por consenso, considerando equivalencias semánticas y culturales. Después, un consultor nativo británico realizó una retrotraducción para el análisis de similitud. Se aplicó la versión final a 30 estudiantes regulares de carreras universitarias en forma de prueba piloto. Para la validación del instrumento, se realizó un estudio transversal con 904 estudiantes universitarios, que incluyó carreras del área de la salud, y se obtuvo el índice Alfa Cronbach. Resultados En el 47 % de los ítems (16) hubo similitud exacta entre las traducciones y en el 53 % (18) las similitudes prevalecieron con relación al contenido, con pocas diferencias semánticas. Respecto a la prueba piloto, la mayoría de los estudiantes tenía 25 años como máximo (60 %), de sexo femenino (76,6 %) y solteros (70 %), quienes relataron una comprensión adecuada de la versión en portugués, sin necesidad de modificaciones. La consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach) de la escala fue de 0,70. Conclusión El proceso de traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de la escala Kogan del inglés al portugués de Brasil siguió de forma criteriosa las etapas recomendadas en la literatura. El instrumento resultante fue evaluado como comprensible y con buena consistencia interna.

Abstract Objective To present the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kogan's Attitude towards Older People Scale (KAOP) into Portuguese in Brazil. Methods Methodological research into the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kogan scale on attitudes towards the older adult. Following international recommendations, the scale was translated by three native Brazilians and then a single version was drawn up by consensus considering semantic and cultural equivalences; it was back-translated and evaluated by a native British consultant for similarity analysis. The final version was applied to thirty students regularly enrolled in undergraduate courses as a pre-test. To validate the instrument, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 904 undergraduate students, including health courses, and the Cronbach's alpha index was obtained. Results In 47% (16) of the items there were exact similarities between the translations and in 53% (18) the similarities prevailed in terms of content, with few semantic differences. In relation to the pre-test, the majority of students were aged up to 25 (60%), female (76.6%) and single (70%), reporting adequate understanding of the Portuguese version, with no need for changes. The scale's internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.70. Conclusion The process of translating, cross-culturally adapting and validating the Kogan scale from English into Brazilian Portuguese carefully followed the steps recommended in the literature. The resulting instrument was evaluated as comprehensible and with good internal consistency.

Neonpass room: a digital interaction tool between patient, care and hospital governance areas / Neonpass room: una herramienta de interacción digital entre áreas de paciente, atención y gobernanza hospitalaria / Neonpass room: uma ferramenta de interação digital entre paciente, áreas assistenciais e de governança hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the process of implementing a digital solution for interaction between patients, care and hospital governance areas. Method: this is an experience report on the implementation which took place between the months of August and November in a large private hospital located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, conducted in two stages: 1) implementation in August 2022; and 2) follow-up lasting 13 weeks, until November 2022. Results: the solution consists of an application developed by a Brazilian startup company which was installed on tablets allowing hospitalized patients to view and make requests for the most diverse areas of care. A total of 496 patients used the Neonpass Room, with their requests addressed directly to the areas of nursing, nutrition, hospitality, cleaning and maintenance. There was a predominance of requests for the nursing team (1029/33.3%), followed by nutrition (973/31.5%), hospitality (763/24.7%), cleaning (167/5.4%) and maintenance (157/5.1%). Conclusion: the Neonpass Room solution has been shown to improve the efficient distribution of requests to the appropriate areas. Unlike traditional call button systems, the digital tool directed demands to nursing and governance areas, with clear specifications.

RESUMEN Objetivo: informar el proceso de implementación de una solución digital para la interacción entre pacientes, áreas de atención y gobernanza hospitalaria. Método: se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la implementación que tuvo lugar entre los meses de agosto y noviembre en un gran hospital privado, ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo, realizada en dos etapas: 1) implementación, en agosto de 2022 y 2) seguimiento, con una duración de 13 semanas, hasta noviembre de 2022. Resultados: La solución consiste en una aplicación desarrollada por una startup brasileña, que se instaló en tabletas y permitió a los pacientes hospitalizados visualizar y realizar solicitudes para las más diversas áreas de atención. 496 pacientes utilizaron la Neonpass Room, con sus solicitudes dirigidas directamente a las áreas de enfermería, nutrición, hotelería, limpieza y mantenimiento. Hubo predominio de solicitudes para el equipo de enfermería (1.029/33,3%), seguido de nutrición (973/31,5%), hospitalidad (763/24,7%), limpieza (167/5,4%) y mantenimiento (157/5,1%). Conclusión: Se ha demostrado que la solución Neonpass Room mejora la distribución eficiente de las solicitudes a las áreas adecuadas. A diferencia de los timbres tradicionales, la herramienta digital dirigió las demandas a las áreas de enfermería y gobernanza, con especificaciones claras.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar o processo de implantação de uma solução digital para interação entre paciente, áreas assistenciais e de governança hospitalar. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a implantação que ocorreu entre os meses de agosto e novembro em um hospital privado de grande porte, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, realizado em duas etapas: 1) implantação, em agosto de 2022 e 2) acompanhamento, durando 13 semanas, até novembro de 2022. Resultados: A solução consiste em um aplicativo desenvolvido por uma startup brasileira, que foi instalado em tablets permitindo que pacientes internados pudessem visualizar e realizar solicitações para as mais diversas áreas assistenciais. 496 pacientes fizeram o uso do Neonpass Room, tendo suas solicitações dirigidas diretamente às áreas de enfermagem, nutrição, hotelaria, limpeza e manutenção. Observou-se predomínio de solicitações para a equipe de enfermagem (1029/33,3%), seguida da nutrição (973/31,5%), hotelaria (763/24,7%), limpeza (167/5,4%) e manutenção (157/5,1%). Conclusão: a solução Neonpass Room demonstrou aprimorar a distribuição eficiente das solicitações para as áreas apropriadas. Ao contrário das campainhas tradicionais, a ferraenta digital direcionou as demandas para a enfermagem e áreas de governança, com especificações claras.

Avaliação do colírio de brimonidina 0, 2% em comparação à nafazolina 0,025% + feniramina 0,3% nas cirurgias de estrabismo / Evaluation of 0.2% brimonidine eye drops compared to 0.025% naphazoline + 0.3% pheniramine in strabismus surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do colírio de brimonidina 0,2% na redução da hiperemia e do sangramento ocular durante as cirurgias de estrabismo, em comparação com o colírio de nafazolina 0,025% + feniramina 0,3%. Métodos: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes com estrabismo e indicação de correção cirúrgica bilateral. Foi instilado antes do procedimento, de forma aleatória, um colírio em cada olho dos pacientes avaliados. A análise subjetiva da hiperemia conjuntival e do sangramento perioperatório foi realizada de forma duplo-cega, por dois cirurgiões. A avaliação objetiva do nível de hiperemia conjuntival foi realizada por análise das imagens obtidas por meio do software ImageJ®. Resultados: A análise de modelos multivariados de efeito misto indicou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos em relação à hiperemia (avaliador 2) e ao sangramento intraoperatório (avaliadores 1 e 2), com maiores escores nos casos tratados com colírio de nafazolina + feniramina. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística na análise objetiva realizada por meio da saturação de cores obtidas pelo programa ImageJ®. Conclusão: O colírio de brimonidina pode ser superior ao colírio de nafazolina + feniramina na redução do sangramento, levando-se em conta apenas a análise subjetiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of 0.2% brimonidine eye drops in reducing hyperemia and ocular bleeding during strabismus surgeries, in comparison with 0.025% naphazoline + 0.3% pheniramine eye drops. Methods: Fourteen patients with strabismus and indication for bilateral surgical correction were evaluated. Before the procedure, the eye drops were instilled randomly in each eye of the evaluated patients. The subjective analysis of conjunctival hyperemia and perioperative bleeding was performed in a double-blind manner, by 02 surgeons. The objective assessment of the level of conjunctival hyperemia was performed by analyzing the images obtained using the ImageJ® software. Results: The analysis of multivariate mixed effect models indicated statistically significant differences between the groups in relation to hyperemia (rater 2) and intraoperative bleeding (raters 1 and 2) with higher scores in cases treated with naphazoline + pheniramine eye drops. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the objective analysis of color saturation obtained by the ImageJ® program. Conclusion: Brimonidine eye drops may be superior to naphazoline + pheniramine eye drops in reducing bleeding, taking into account the subjective analysis only.

Effects of Water Deficit on Growth and Productivity in Tomato Crops Irrigated with Water Treated with Very Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Resonance Fields.

The tomato crop is very sensitive to stress conditions. A water deficit is defined as when precipitation is less than the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the crop in a given period, and in this scenario of climate change, it is identified as responsible for global productivity losses. The use of potential technologies for better irrigation management, such as electromagnetically treated water, remains controversial. Thus, the objective of the present work was to investigate the effects of very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance field treatment on water for tomato crops submitted to different irrigation rates. For this, an experiment was carried out under controlled conditions with different types of water: electromagnetically treated water (WTVLF) and untreated water (UNW), as well as four water replacement rates: 40, 60, 80, and 100% ETc. The electromagnetic treatment of the water was carried out using the commercial equipment AQUA4D®. The experiment was carried out in pots with five replications per treatment. Lower activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX enzymes was observed in plants irrigated with water treated with very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields (WTVLF), indicating less oxidative stress caused by water deficit. Water deficit reduced chlorophyll content, but the effects were less harmful with WTVLF water. The water deficit resulted in less accumulation of dry matter and less productivity in a linear relationship. However, plants irrigated with WTVLF showed increments of about 20% in dry matter accumulation and 20% in fruit production concerning plants irrigated with untreated water, independent of the irrigation rates. We can conclude that irrigation with WTVLF can be a solution to reduce the damage caused by water deficits and increase the productivity of tomato crops.

Influence of bleaching gels formulated with nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate and fluoride on the physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties of dental enamel.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in vitro the effects of sodium fluoride (F) and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) added to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel on the color alteration, enamel mechanical and morphological properties, and H2O2 transamelodentinal diffusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine enamel/dentin discs (n = 180) were divided according to the bleaching gel: 35% H2O2 (HP); 35% H2O2 + 0.1% F (HP/F); 35% H2O2 + 1% TMPnano (HP/TMPnano); 35% H2O2 + 0.1% F + 1% TMPnano (HP/F/TMPnano) and 35% H2O2 + 2% calcium gluconate (HP/Ca). The gels were applied 3 times by 40 min; once each 7-day. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* total color alteration (ΔE), color alteration by CIEDE2000 (ΔE00), whitening index (ΔWID), surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), surface roughness (Ra), and transamelodentinal diffusion were determined. Enamel surfaces were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Dispersive Energy (EDX). Data were submitted to ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p <0.05). RESULTS: ΔE, ΔE00, and ΔWID were similar among the gels that promoted a bleaching effect after treatment (p <0.001). Mineral loss (SH and ΔKHN), Ra, and H2O2 diffusion were lower for HP/F/TMPnano; the HP and HP/Ca groups presented the highest values (p <0.001). For SEM/EDX, surface changes were observed in all bleached groups, but less intense with TMPnano. CONCLUSIONS: Gels containing F/TMPnano do not interfere with the bleaching effect and reduce enamel demineralization, roughness, H2O2 diffusion, and morphological changes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Whitening gels containing F/TMPnano can be used as a new strategy to increase safety and maintain clinical performance.

Oral health in childhood: construction and validation of an instrument on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers. / Saúde bucal na infância: construção e validação de instrumento sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática de cuidadores.

The objective of this article is to develop and validate a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) instrument for caregivers of children up to 36 months of age monitored by the Family Health Strategy. This methodological study was conducted in three stages: an integrative review, preparation of the initial version, and content validation by 29 judges. The instrument was validated for content and appearance. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the FINN and Gwe-AC1 coefficients were calculated to assess inter-judge agreement. The overall CVI values of the 39-item instrument were: Clarity (0.91) and Relevance (0.95). The final version was obtained through 19 knowledge, 10 attitude, and 10 practice questions on caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, artificial feeding, milk teeth, and the need to take the baby to the dentist. The instrument produced can be used because it has the potential for use depending on the more global assessment of its psychometric properties.

O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar um instrumento do tipo instrumento CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática) de cuidadores, acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, para promoção da saúde bucal de crianças até 36 meses. Estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: revisão integrativa, elaboração da versão inicial e validação de conteúdo por 29 juízes. O instrumento foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência. Foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e os coeficientes FINN e Gwe-AC1 para avaliação da concordância entre juízes. Os valores do IVC global do instrumento de 39 itens foram: IVC (Clareza) igual a 0,91 e IVC (Relevância) igual a 0,95. A versão final foi obtida mediante 19 questões (conhecimento), 10 (atitude) e 10 (prática), envolvendo os temas: cárie, dieta, higiene bucal, flúor, amamentação, bicos artificiais, dentes de leite e necessidade de levar o bebê ao dentista. O instrumento produzido poderá ser utilizado por apresentar potencial de utilização a depender da avaliação mais global de suas propriedades psicométrica.

Serum il-18 and rs187238 single nucleotide polymorphism are associated with high-density lipoprotein changes in covid-19 outpatients.

AIM: COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease and its prognosis is associated with cardiovascular risk, which can be associated with changes in lipoprotein metabolism. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs187238 of Interleukin (IL)-18 is extensively reported in association with worsening inflammatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated the association of IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 with lipoprotein profile changes in COVID-19 outpatients. METHODS: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study that evaluated 250 patients with respiratory syndrome, 36% (n = 90) with COVID-19. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins A-I and B (Apo A-I and Apo B) and IL-18 levels were determined. Polymorphism genotyping was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 showed a reduction in TC and HDL-c, without difference in IL-18. HDL-c and LDL-c had a high frequency outside the reference values. There was a negative correlation of IL-18 with HDL-c and a positive correlation with Apo B/Apo A-I ratio. The frequencies of the C (wild) and G (polymorphic) alleles between patients with and without COVID-19 followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, COVID-19 was associated with reduced HDL-c and Apo A-I values in patients with the CC genotype. CONCLUSION: IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 were associated with decreased HDL-c and Apo A-I in COVID-19 outpatients.

Analysis of patent records related to the prevention and signaling of falls in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze patent records aimed at preventing and signaling falls in a Brazilian database. METHOD: Electronic documentary research carried out in the database of the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial using the word "fall" in the search resource. Patent records related to the prevention and signaling of falls at home and in care environment applied from 2000 to 2021 were included. Tabulated data were evaluated using absolute/relative frequencies. RESULTS: From the 45 patents, 91% were published starting from 2011, with an average of 1214 days between application and publication, 11% of applicants were from public universities and 9% of the inventors were nurses, physician or physical therapists. CONCLUSION: There was a delay in the publication of the patents and small participation of researchers linked to the academic area and health professionals, revealing the need to equip universities and health services in order to guarantee the development of innovations.

Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth and verbascifolia (L.)) and Tapereba (Spondias mombin) Improve Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in High-Fat-Diet Rats.

The present study investigated the effects of murici and tapereba on improving hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers in high-fat-diet rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): control (CON), high-fat diet (HF), murici drink + high-fat diet (Mu-HF), tapereba drink + high-fat diet (Tap-HF), and murici and tapereba blend drink + high-fat diet (MT-HF). Drinks were offered daily for 60 days, following which body and liver weights, hepatosomatic indexes, serum parameters, inflammatory profile, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC) were analyzed. The cell death of hepatic cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. It was observed that weight gain was similar among the groups, while glycemia was lower in the MT-HF group. A high-fat diet increased the concentration of cholesterol total, ALT, IL-1ß (in plasma and liver), and TNF-α (in the liver), and this was reduced by treatment with the fruit-based beverages. The other evaluated parameters showed no statistically significant difference. Compared to the CON and HF groups, the groups that received the drinks had higher cellular antioxidant activity and reduced oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and development of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß. A high-fat diet induced higher cell death in hepatic tissue, which was prevented by the murici, tapereba, and the fruit-blend drinks. The consumption of murici, tapereba, and fruit-blend-based beverages showed beneficial effects on liver metabolism; therefore, they may serve as a nutritional approach for preventing and treating non-alcoholic liver disease.

Association of serum lipoproteins and inflammatory parameters derived from the blood test with renal function in COVID-19 outpatients

Abstract Changes in lipoprotein metabolism are among the main causes of hemodynamic impairment in renal function. COVID-19 is an multisystemic inflammatory disease, aggravating this situation. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship of serum lipoprotein profile with inflammatory parameters and renal function in 95 COVID-19 outpatients in comparison with 173 with flu-like symptoms. Serum samples were collected for the determination of total cholesterol and fractions, apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B), urea (sUr) and creatinine (sCr). The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios were calculated as inflammatory parameters derived from the blood tests. COVID-19 patients presented lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (47.90 ± 1.543 vs. 51.40 ± 0.992) and higher PLR (190.9 ± 9.410 vs. 137.6 ± 5.534) and NLR (3.40 ± 0.22 vs. 2.80 ± 0.15). Both NLR and PLR correlated with each other (r = 0.639). Furthermore, the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio was correlated with PLR (r = 0.5818) and eGFR (r = -0.2630). COVID-19 patients classified as at high risk of developing acute myocardial infarction based on the Apo B/ Apo A-I ratio had higher values for sUr/sCr. Thus, serum apolipoproteins, PLR, and NLR could be related to renal dysfunction in COVID-19.