Demodex folliculorum (Trombidiformes: Demodecidae) infestation in medical students with facial dermatoses and healthy groups.

Demodex folliculorum (Simon, 1842) has been associated with various dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Demodex infestation in medical students with facial dermatoses compared with healthy medical students serving as controls. A total of 250 participants were enrolled, including 150 individuals with facial dermatoses and 100 healthy controls. Sampling was performed based on the standardized skin surface biopsy method. Demographic characteristics, specifically gender and age, were not statistically different between the patient and control groups. Among the facial dermatosis patients, 25 out of 150 (16.6%) were found to have Demodex infestation, while only three out of the 100 healthy controls (3%) exhibited infestations. The only identified species was D. folliculorum. The rates of Demodex infestation were significantly higher in the patients compared to the control groups. These findings indicate a higher prevalence of Demodex infestation among medical students with facial dermatosis, particularly in those diagnosed with folliculitis, acne vulgaris, and inflammatory papule, when compared to healthy controls. A better understanding of the relationship between D. folliculorum infestation and these dermatological conditions may lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies in the future.

Colonization of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Patients Who Received and not Received Corticosteroids Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: Airborne Transmission Approach.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is responsible for pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients. The current study aimed at investigating the frequency of Pneumocystis colonization in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluating the relationship between PCP and Pneumocystis colonization. METHODS: The current cross sectional study was conducted on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of 100patients collected from surgery and neurosurgery ICUs with different underlying corticosteroid therapy conditions. Patients were divided into 2 groups (patients receiving and not receiving corticosteroids). Direct examination on BAL fluids was performed by the Gomori methenamine silver and Giemsa staining techniques. Additionally, 2 filtered air samples of the 2 above mentioned units were collected. A nested-PCR targeted mtLSUrRNA gene and sequencing were used to identify Pneumocystis spp. RESULTS: In direct microscopy, 31 out of 100 hospitalized patients (31%) showed positive results. Twenty-three (46%) of smear positive patients were from the group of patients receiving corticosteroid, the other 8(16%) were from the group of patients not receiving corticosteroids (P= 0.001). Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA was detected in 77 out of 100 BAL samples by nested-PCR (77%) in which 40 (52%) and 37 (48%) samples were obtained from the patients receiving and not receiving corticosteroids, respectively. Pneumocystis genome was observed in 1 of the 2 filtered air samples. CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients receiving corticosteroids were also colonized by P. jirovecii that may be predisposed to PCP or be transmitted to susceptible patients. A significant relationship was observed between the mean hospital stay and detection rate.