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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Competency-based education is recognized for evaluating dental students' knowledge and skills. However, practical management training, which is the hands-on education and experience in managing operations and patient interactions, does not align fully with this framework. This study aims to assess professional competence and related factors among dental students using self-assessment, contributing to dental education literature, and identifying areas for improvement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 50 total senior dental students from a top-ranked dental school. With a response rate of 100%, data were collected using a structured questionnaire with three sections: personal information, self-assessment of professional competency, and factors influencing competency. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and tests like Chi-square and ANOVA, analyzed the data. RESULTS: The average self-reported professional competence score was 71.15 with a standard deviation of 3.05. Associations between age, gender, grade point average (GPA), and self-reported professional competence were assessed, with no significant links found (p > 0.05). Influential factors included interaction with clinical instructors (69.24%) and interest in dentistry (67.03%). No significant differences in self-reported professional competence were observed among students residing on-campus versus off-campus. CONCLUSION: Age, gender, and GPA do not significantly impact dental students' self-reported professional competence. Positive interaction with instructors and interest in dentistry contribute to skill development. Practical experience and effective educational relationships are crucial. Dental education institutions should improve clinical competence by fostering strong student-instructor relationships, increasing hands-on clinical training, and fostering student interest in dentistry.
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OBJECTIVES: The high status of midwifery within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is closely tied to enhancing clinical education. The purpose of this study was to review the effect of education on the knowledge and practice of midwifery students about Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Pap smears. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the course of four semesters, involving 128 bachelor of midwifery students. The sampling method was non-random, utilizing convenience sampling. Four consecutive 45â¯min weekly sessions were held, which included three theory sessions and one practical training session. Education was conducted in face-to-face training sessions using different methods such as lectures, question and answer, slide shows, educational films and brochures, and training participants with moulage. The data were gathered using a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, various aspects of IUD and Pap smear knowledge, along with checklists for IUD insertion and Pap smear. Paired-samples T-test and multiple regression test were used to analyze the data. A significance level of p<0.05 was set for the analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in the average knowledge across various aspects of IUD and Pap smear before and after the intervention (p<0.001). On multiple regression analysis, residence and income significantly influenced knowledge (ß=0.313, p=0.001 and ß=-0.384, p=0.001, respectively). Also, multiple regression analysis indicated that the use of IUD among family or friends and age significantly impacted practice (ß=-0.450, p=0.005 and ß=-0.206, p=0.030, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention yielded a noticeable enhancement in the knowledge and practical skills of midwifery students. These students tend to achieve higher levels of success and deliver superior services to both patients and clients.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to design an artificial intelligence (AI) system for dental occlusion classification using intraoral photographs. Moreover, the performance of this system was compared with that of an expert clinician. METHODS: This study included 948 adult patients with permanent dentition who presented to the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, during 2022-2023. The intraoral photographs taken from the patients in left, right, and frontal views (3 photographs for each patient) were collected and underwent augmentation, and about 7500 final photographs were obtained. Moreover, the patients were clinically examined by an expert orthodontist for malocclusion, overjet, and overbite and were classified into 6 groups: Class I, Class II, half-cusp Class II, Super Class I, Class III, and unclassifiable. In addition, a multistage neural network system was created and trained using the photographs of 700 patients. Then, it was used to classify the remaining 248 patients using their intraoral photographs. Finally, its performance was compared with that of the expert clinician. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata software (version 17; Stata Corp, College Station, Tex). RESULTS: The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of the AI system in the malocclusion classification of molars were calculated to be 93.1%, 88.6%, 91.2%, and 89.7%, respectively, whereas the AI system had an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 89.1%, 88.8%, 91.42%, and 89.8% for malocclusion classification of canines, respectively. Moreover, the mean absolute error of the AI system accuracy was 1.98 ± 2.11 for overjet and 1.28 ± 1.60 for overbite classifications. CONCLUSIONS: AI exhibited remarkable performance in detecting all classes of malocclusion, which was higher than that of orthodontists, especially in predicting angle classification. However, its performance was not acceptable in overjet and overbite measurement compared with expert orthodontists.
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Inteligência Artificial , Má Oclusão , Fotografia Dentária , Humanos , Má Oclusão/classificação , Feminino , Fotografia Dentária/métodos , Masculino , Adulto , Oclusão Dentária , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Redes Neurais de Computação , Fotografação/métodosRESUMO
Pediatric cancers represent a tragic but also promising area for gene therapy. Although conventional treatments have improved survival rates, there is still a need for targeted and less toxic interventions. This article critically analyzes recent advances in gene therapy for pediatric malignancies and discusses the challenges that remain. We explore the innovative vectors and delivery systems that have emerged, such as adeno-associated viruses and non-viral platforms, which show promise in addressing the unique pathophysiology of pediatric tumors. Specifically, we examine the field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and their adaptation for solid tumors, which historically have been more challenging to treat than hematologic malignancies. We also discuss the genetic and epigenetic complexities inherent to pediatric cancers, such as tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which pose significant hurdles for gene therapy. Ethical considerations specific to pediatric populations, including consent and long-term follow-up, are also analyzed. Additionally, we scrutinize the translation of research from preclinical models that often fail to mimic pediatric cancer biology to the regulatory landscapes that can either support or hinder innovation. In summary, this article provides an up-to-date overview of gene therapy in pediatric oncology, highlighting both the rapid scientific progress and the substantial obstacles that need to be addressed. Through this lens, we propose a roadmap for future research that prioritizes the safety, efficacy, and complex ethical considerations involved in treating pediatric patients. Our ultimate goal is to move from incremental advancements to transformative therapies.
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Endodontic treatment in dens invaginatus anomaly is associated with challenges in all stages. This case report outlines the therapy provided for tooth #10 with occasional pain. In examinations, tenderness to percussion and touch and non-response to sensibility tests were observed, and pulp necrosis and symptomatic periapical periodontitis were diagnosed. Radiographic evaluation showed a structural anomaly related to the dens invaginatus and the associated periapical lesion. Cone-beam computed tomography confirmed the presence of DI type II. Endodontic treatment combined with photodynamic therapy and active irrigation using a dental operating microscope was successful and radiographic examinations showed periapical healing along with bone formation in 6-month and 1-year follow-ups.
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Background: Given electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation as one of the diagnostical challenges for medical students and health professionals, this research was carried out to present an experience of web-based teaching method and novel approaches used for training of ECG interpretation. Methods: This online program was conducted in three days. The main content of the class was taught during one hour, and after that, the teacher spent enough time for responding the asked questions. The components of a normal ECG and different changes that can occur in these waves were taught through clinical case-based scenarios using the web platform and Adobe Connect software. The participants' satisfaction was assessed with a 12-item questionnaire, and the short-term retention of ECG interpretation skill was examined by comparing the posttest scores with pretest. Results: A total of 224 individuals completed the course. Total satisfaction score was 53.05±6.98 (out of the maximum score of 60). Based on the results of the paired t test, the interpretation skill scores of the participants increased significantly from 2.5 ± 1.57 to 6.96 ± 1.89. (p<0.001, CI = -4.8 to- 4.11). Conclusion: This web-based nationwide training program provided a supplementary resource for ECG learning among medical students and health-care providers.
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Low number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood samples and time-consuming properties of the current CTC isolation methods for processing a small volume of blood are the biggest obstacles to CTC usage in practice. Therefore, we aimed to design a CTC dialysis system with the ability to process cancer patients' whole blood within a reasonable time. Two strategies were employed for developing this dialysis setup, including (i) synthesizing novel in situ core-shell Cu ferrites consisting of the Cu-CuFe2O4 core and the MIL-88A shell, which are targeted by the anti-HER2 antibody for the efficient targeting and trapping of CTCs; and (ii) fabricating a microfluidic system containing a three-dimensional (3D)-printed microchannel filter composed of a polycaprolactone/Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite with pore diameter less than 200 µm on which a high-voltage magnetic field is focused to enrich and isolate the magnetic nanoparticle-targeted CTCs from a large volume of blood. The system was assessed in different aspects including capturing the efficacy of the magnetic nanoparticles, CTC enrichment and isolation from large volumes of human blood, side effects on blood cells, and the viability of CTCs after isolation for further analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the CTC dialysis system exhibited more than 80% efficacy in the isolation of CTCs from blood samples. The isolated CTCs were viable and were able to proliferate. Moreover, the CTC dialysis system was safe and did not cause side effects on normal blood cells. Taken together, the designed CTC dialysis system can process a high volume of blood for efficient dual diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Compostos Férricos , Nanoestruturas , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Humanos , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Microfluídica , Medicina de Precisão , Separação Celular/métodos , Diálise Renal , Impressão Tridimensional , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Researchers, parents, and policymakers from previous generations have recently expressed concern about the inevitable exposure of youngsters to digital media and its potentially detrimental effects on their development. Private speech is the overt audible self-talk people produce when engaged with challenging problem-solving tasks and is believed to aid in second language acquisition as reported (Vygotsky in Thought and language, MIT Press, 1962); (Winsler in Private Speech, Executive Functioning, and the Development of Verbal Self-Regulation, 2009). This qualitative case study explored private speech production in three young adolescents (two 11-year-olds and one 10-year-old) while completing an English as a foreign language task (Bingo! game) individually and collaboratively in physical and digital modes. Patterns of participants' private speech markers emerged from a thematic analysis of the transcribed oral interactions during eight sessions. The frequency of occurrence of the participants' private speech markers was reported and interpreted based on the emergent typology to compare collaborative and individual task completion in physical and digital modes. Regardless of the individual or collaborative nature of the task, private speech use decreased during the digital version of the game. However, collaborative tasks evoked more private speech from the participants regardless of modality. The findings of the study suggest digital media usage is likely to hinder private speech production for self-regulatory purposes in young adolescents, even in collaboration with peers.
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Internet , Fala , Humanos , Adolescente , Fala/fisiologia , Idioma , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
Eating, central to human existence, is influenced by a myriad of factors, including nutrition, health, personal taste, cultural background, and flavor preferences. The challenge of devising personalized meal plans that effectively encompass these dimensions is formidable. A crucial shortfall in many existing meal-planning systems is poor user adherence, often stemming from a disconnect between the plan and the user's lifestyle, preferences, or unseen eating patterns. Our study introduces a pioneering algorithm, CFRL, which melds reinforcement learning (RL) with collaborative filtering (CF) in a unique synergy. This algorithm not only addresses nutritional and health considerations but also dynamically adapts to and uncovers latent user eating habits, thereby significantly enhancing user acceptance and adherence. CFRL utilizes Markov decision processes (MDPs) for interactive meal recommendations and incorporates a CF-based MDP framework to align with broader user preferences, translated into a shared latent vector space. Central to CFRL is its innovative reward-shaping mechanism, rooted in multi-criteria decision-making that includes user ratings, preferences, and nutritional data. This results in versatile, user-specific meal plans. Our comparative analysis with four baseline methods showcases CFRL's superior performance in key metrics like user satisfaction and nutritional adequacy. This research underscores the effectiveness of combining RL and CF in personalized meal planning, marking a substantial advancement over traditional approaches.
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Algoritmos , Aprendizagem , Humanos , Recompensa , Comportamento Alimentar , Inteligência ArtificialRESUMO
Prostate cancer has arisen as an important life-threatening malignancy in males worldwide. Therefore, it is important to study underlying molecular pathways to be able to proposed appropriate a novel pathway of apoptosis in prostate cancer. This study aimed to explore the molecular effects of Staphylococcal tsst-1 gene on PC3 cell line apoptosis by in silico and in vitro studies. In this work, the differential expression of genes in prostate cancer was predicted by analyzing the public dataset GSE132063. Then, the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector was used to transfer tsst-1 gene to the PC3 cells and its effects was investigated using flow cytometry and qPCR. Co-expression network analysis indicated that lncRNAs had strong relationship with apoptosis genes in prostate cancer. Results of protein-protein docking indicated that BCL2L11, GRAMD3 and EGR1 interacted with tsst-1. Finally, the flow cytometry results showed that transfection by pcDNA3.1 (+)- tsst-1 could increase cellular death rates (48.15%) compared with the pcDNA3.1 (+) groups (6.35%); and the expression levels of GRAMD3, EGR1, BCL2L11 and PLAC4 were dysregulated in tsst-1 -transfected PC3 compared with empty-transfected PC3 (p < .05). In conclusion, our data will provide a novel landscape to understanding the mechanism of Staphylococcal tsst-1 gene on the PC3 cells apoptosis pathways.
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Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Apoptose/genética , Transfecção , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in calcified teeth presents a challenge for endodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by discoloration. Guided endodontic access (GEA) has emerged as an advanced method for root canal therapy (RCT) in such cases. This case report describes the successful treatment of a calcified maxillary central incisor with discoloration using GEA. A 32-year-old female with a history of dental trauma presented with discoloration in the left maxillary central incisor that did not respond to external bleaching. Clinical examination revealed a pulpless infected canal with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning were utilized to create a three dimensional (3D) template, enabling minimally invasive access preparation through the palatal aspect. The RCT was performed in a single visit, followed by tooth whitening using hydrogen peroxide. At 18 months follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic, and the apical lesion was healed. GEA offers a predictable and conservative approach, preserving tooth structure and providing enhanced long-term prognosis for teeth with calcified canals and discoloration.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension are major global health challenges. Healthy eating can help people with chronic diseases manage their condition and prevent complications. However, making healthy meal plans is not easy, as it requires the consideration of various factors such as health concerns, nutritional requirements, tastes, economic status, and time limits. Therefore, there is a need for effective, affordable, and personalized meal planning that can assist people in choosing food that suits their individual needs and preferences. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to design an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered meal planner that can generate personalized healthy meal plans based on the user's specific health conditions, personal preferences, and status. METHODS: We proposed a system that integrates semantic reasoning, fuzzy logic, heuristic search, and multicriteria analysis to produce flexible, optimized meal plans based on the user's health concerns, nutrition needs, as well as food restrictions or constraints, along with other personal preferences. Specifically, we constructed an ontology-based knowledge base to model knowledge about food and nutrition. We defined semantic rules to represent dietary guidelines for different health concerns and built a fuzzy membership of food nutrition based on the experience of experts to handle vague and uncertain nutritional data. We applied a semantic rule-based filtering mechanism to filter out food that violate mandatory health guidelines and constraints, such as allergies and religion. We designed a novel, heuristic search method that identifies the best meals among several candidates and evaluates them based on their fuzzy nutritional score. To select nutritious meals that also satisfy the user's other preferences, we proposed a multicriteria decision-making approach. RESULTS: We implemented a mobile app prototype system and evaluated its effectiveness through a use case study and user study. The results showed that the system generated healthy and personalized meal plans that considered the user's health concerns, optimized nutrition values, respected dietary restrictions and constraints, and met the user's preferences. The users were generally satisfied with the system and its features. CONCLUSIONS: We designed an AI-powered meal planner that helps people create healthy and personalized meal plans based on their health conditions, preferences, and status. Our system uses multiple techniques to create optimized meal plans that consider multiple factors that affect food choice. Our evaluation tests confirmed the usability and feasibility of the proposed system. However, some limitations such as the lack of dynamic and real-time updates should be addressed in future studies. This study contributes to the development of AI-powered personalized meal planning systems that can support people's health and nutrition goals.
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Iron is a necessary biological element and one of the richest in the human body, but it can cause changes in cell function and activity control. Iron is involved in a wide range of oxidation - reduction activities. Whenever iron exceeds the cellular metabolic needs, its excess causes changes in the products of cellular respiration, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl. The formation of these compounds causes cellular toxicity. Lack of control over reactive oxygen species causes damages to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Conversely, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl are reactive oxygen species, using antioxidants, restoring DNA function, and controlling iron stores lead to natural conditions. Iron poisoning causes clinical manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys, and hematopoietic system. When serum iron is elevated, serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin will also increase. Supportive care is provided by whole bowel irrigation (WBI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is required to evaluate mucosal injury and remove undissolved iron tablets. The use of chelator agents such as deferoxamine mesylate, deferasirox, deferiprone, deferitrin are very effective in removing excess iron. Of course, the combined treatment of these chelators plays an important role in increasing iron excretion, and reducing side effects.
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Quelantes de Ferro , Ferro , Humanos , Ferro/metabolismo , Deferasirox , Deferiprona , Desferroxamina , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Superóxidos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Piridonas , Benzoatos/uso terapêutico , Triazóis , DNARESUMO
The superior lateral incisors are primarily affected by the developmental deformity known as dens invaginatus (DI). Oehler's type III DI has the highest complexity rendering a root canal treatment (RCT) an arduous challenge for this type, so early diagnosis and treatment before pulp involvement are important. This report presents two maxillary lateral incisors with type IIIb DI, the left one being associated with a periapical lesion and the right one with normal pulp. A nine-year-old boy was referred to our clinic complaining of mobility of the maxillary left lateral incisor (LLI) associated with gumboil throughout the previous two months. Periapical radiolucency was visible on radiographs, as well as an invagination that crosses the apical foramen from the pulp chamber in both maxillary lateral incisors. The pulp of the main canal of LLI was vital and pseudo canals were necrotized and associated with chronic apical abscess. Based on the condition of the main pulp of maxillary lateral incisors, two separate treatments were carried out. RCT was done only for the pseudo canals in the LLI, while the main root canal was preserved. The right maxillary lateral incisor (RLI) had vital pulp with normal periapical tissue So the invagination was sealed as the tooth was erupting. During the one-year follow-up period, the development of the root in LLI with a thick root wall and closed apex was observed in the periapical radiograph but pseudo canals became infected and the tooth became symptomatic, therefore retreatment for pseudo canals was carried out. The RLI root was developed and the tooth was clinically asymptomatic, so it didn't need further treatment. Maintaining pulp vitality is crucial for type III Dens invaginated young permanent teeth since it could support root formation and improve long-term prognosis, and in cases with pulp involvement, non-surgical RCT is clinically predictable.
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Introduction: This study compared the cleaning effectiveness of NeoNiTi, 2Shape and Revo_S rotary instruments. Materials and Methods: Fifty mandibular molar mesial roots were selected with an angle of curvature less than 20 degrees divided into three groups (n=15). Five samples were selected as negative control group. In all three systems, the final file was 25, 6%. The score of debris and smear layer in three thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal walls were evaluated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) magnification. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests for intergroup comparison (P≤0.05) and Freidman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for intragroup comparison (P≤0.05). Results: Residual debris of the 2Shape system in the apical region was significantly higher than the other two systems (P=0.039). Revo_S and 2Shape groups had significantly higher quantities of debris in the apical than the coronal region (P=0.029 and P=0.02, respectively). In the 2Shape group, the amount of mid-region debris was significantly higher (P=0.005) than the coronal. In inter-group comparison there was no significant difference in residual smear layer between the systems. In intra-group comparison in all three systems, the amount of smear layer in the coronal third was significantly higher than in the other two areas. (P=0.017, P<0.001 and P=0.032, respectively). Conclusion: 2Shape left the highest amount of debris in the apical region. The amount of debris in Revo_S and 2Shape groups in the apical region was significantly higher than in the coronal. The amount of smear layer in all three groups in the coronal area was higher than the middle and apical areas.
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OBJECTIVES: In the study, we examined the effects of ketamine and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on depression-like behavior, learning and memory, expression of GFAP, caspase-3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). METHODS: After applying 21 days of chronic unpredictable stress, male rats received intraperitoneal (IP) of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and then were exposed to ELF-EMF (10-Hz, 10-mT exposure conditions) for 3 days (3 h per day) and behavioral assessments were performed 24 h after the treatments. Instantly after the last behavioral test, the brain was extracted for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the effect of ketamine and ELF-EMF on the expression of astrocyte marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Also, real-time PCR analyses were used to investigate the impacts of the combination of ketamine and ELF-EMF on the expression of caspase3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in rats submitted to the CUS procedure. Results were considered statistically significant when p < .05. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the combination of ketamine and ELF-EMF increased depression-like behavior, increased degenerated neurons and decreased the number of GFAP (+) cells in the CA1 area and mPFC, incremented the expression of caspase-3, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus but showed no effect on the expression of p53 and NMDA-R. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that combining ketamine and ELF-EMF has adverse effects on animals under chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).
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Ketamina , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ketamina/farmacologia , Caspase 3 , Depressão/etiologia , Campos Eletromagnéticos/efeitos adversos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53RESUMO
Owing to their metalloid characteristics with high electrical conductivity, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have attracted considerable research attention as prospective cathodes for hybrid supercapacitors. Unfortunately, they usually exhibit low rate performance as well as poor longevity, which does not meet the demands of hybrid supercapacitors. The nanocomposite constructed from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and TMPs with a highly porous nature can effectively overcome the above-mentioned issues, greatly widening their utilization. In this work, we fabricated nanosheet-assembled hollow copper-nickel phosphide spheres (NH-CNPSs) by the controllable phosphatizing of copper-nickel-ethylene glycol (CN-EG) precursors. Then, porous NH-CNPSs were embedded in rGO texture (NH-CNPS-rGO) to form a unique porous nanoarchitecture. The obtained NH-CNPS-rGO has several advantages benefiting as the cathode electrode, such as (i) the hollow structure as well as porous nanosheets are conducive to fast electrolyte diffusion, (ii) the electrical conductivity of NH-CNPS is further enhanced when coupled with the rGO texture, hence promoting electron transfer in the whole structure, (iii) wrapping NH-CNPSs within the rGO texture endows the nanocomposite with much better structural stability, resulting in longer durability of the electrode, And (iv) the porous structures generated in the nanocomposite provide a perfect space for reducing the mass transfer resistance and accessing the electrolyte, thereby boosting the reaction kinetics. The tests demonstrated that the optimal NH-CNPS-rGO electrode revealed a capacity of up to 1075 C g-1, a superior rate capacity, and exceptional longevity of 94.7%. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor (NH-CNPS-rGOâAC) equipped with the NH-CNPS-rGO-cathode electrode and activated carbon (AC)-anode electrode represented a satisfactory energy density of 64 W h kg-1 at 801 W kg-1 and amazing longevity (91.8% retention after 13 000 cycles), which endorses the promising potential of NH-CNPS-rGO for high-efficiency supercapacitors. This research showcases an appropriate method to engineer hollow TMP-rGO nanocomposites as effective materials for supercapacitors.
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In this paper, we developed a sequential chemical etching and selenization processes to synthesize Co-MoSex double-shelled hollow nanocages (CMS-DSHNCs) as high performance electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Co-MoOx yolk-shelled hollow nanocages were firstly synthesized using a solvothermal process through facile ion-exchange reactions between zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and MoO42- ions. By applying a solvothermal temperature of 160 °C in the presence of SeO32- and subsequently annealing strategy, CMS-DSHNCs were successfully synthesized with a yolk-shell hierarchically hollow and porous morphology of mixed metal selenides. The CMS-DSHNCs exhibit superior electrochemical properties as electrode materials for supercapacitor: e.g., a specific capacity of 1029.8C g-1 at 2 A g-1 (3.089C cm-2 at 6 mA cm-2), a rate capability of â¼ 76.14%, a capacity retention at 50 A g-1, and a good cycle stability (95.2% capacity retention over 8000 cycles). A hybrid supercapacitor was constructed using the CMS-DSHNCs as the cathode and activated carbon (AC) as the anode in a solution of 3 M KOH, and achieved a high specific energy of 45 Wh kg-1, and a specific power up to 2222 W kg-1 with a good cycling stability of 94% after 8000 cycles.
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Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Zeolitas , Cobalto/química , Eletrodos , Molibdênio , Zeolitas/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In the present study, the radioadaptive role of the immune system induced by low dose (LD) was investigated for its in vivo protective activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression was assessed for their in vivo activity in BALB/c mice. To evaluate the adaptive response induced by LD on the mice spleen lymphocyte, the cytokine interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß expression was measured by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To verify the radioadaptive effect of LD, animals were preirradiated at 10 cGy from a 60 Co source and then challenge dose at 200 cGy was delivered. Independent sample student's t-test was employed to compare cytokine gene expression in radioadaptive (10 + 200 cGy), LD (10 cGy), high-dose (HD, 200 cGy), and control groups of animals. RESULTS: Following the HD, the cytokine gene expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and TGF-ß was significantly decreased compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). However, TGF-ß expression was also decreased significantly in the LD and adaptive groups compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the adaptive group was significantly decreased compared to the HD group (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the immune system plays an important role for radioadaptive response induction by LD radiation to adjust the harmful effects of HD irradiation.
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Adaptação Fisiológica/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa/efeitos da radiação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Interferon gama/genética , Interleucina-4/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Cultura Primária de Células , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/efeitos da radiação , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Irradiação Corporal TotalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This current study evaluated the underlying mechanisms of LF against the inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs), HMGB1 expression, and TLR4-MyD88-NF-кB pathway in LPS-activated murine RAW264.7 cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to assess cell metabolism and the cell culture levels of the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of miRNAs was quantified by using qPCR and the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB (P-p65) were determined with Western blot and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS: The results indicated that LF downregulates IL-6 and TNF-α expression. LF exhibited the degradation of P-p65 and reduced the production of HMGB1, TLR4, and MyD88 in LPS-induced inflammatory response. Importantly, in parallel with the suppression of cytokines and HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-кB pathway, LF could induce a decrease in inflammatory selected miRNAs, mmu-mir-155, and mmu-mir-146a expression. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings provide LF as a prominent anti-inflammatory agent that could modulate HMGB1, mmu-mir-155, mmu-mir-146a, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB pathway.