Design of AR system tracking registration method using dynamic target light-field.

In the process of tracking registration for an augmented reality (AR) system, it's essential first to obtain the system's initial state, as its accuracy significantly influences the precision of subsequent three-dimensional tracking registration. At this point, minor movements of the target can directly lead to calibration errors. Current methods fail to address the challenge of capturing the initial state of dynamic deformation in optically transparent AR systems effectively. To tackle this issue, the concept of a static light-field is expanded to a four-dimensional dynamic light-field, and a tracking registration method for an optical see-through AR system based on the four-dimensional dynamic light-field is introduced. This method begins by analyzing the relationship between the components of the optical see-through AR system and studying the impact of a dynamic target on the initial state model. Leveraging the fundamental principle of light-field correlation, the theory and model for four-dimensional dynamic light-field tracking registration are developed. A lot of experiments have confirmed the algorithm's accuracy, enhanced its stability, and demonstrated the superior performance of the three-dimensional tracking registration algorithm.

Carbon Dot-Loaded Apoptotic Vesicles Improve the Liver Kupffer Cell-Mediated Antibacterial Effect to Synergistically Alleviate Sepsis.

Sepsis is a lethal systemic inflammatory disease against infection that lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Liver resident macrophage Kupffer cell (KC)-initiated bacterial clearance is crucial for the host to defend against infection. However, it remains unclear whether this process also governs the antibacterial therapy of sepsis that would be used to improve therapeutic outcomes. Here, we found that copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) exhibited superior antibacterial capabilities in vitro but displayed limited therapeutic effects in septic mice due to their limited ability to target the liver and restore KC antimicrobial capacity. Thus, we developed a composite nanodrug of copper-doped carbon dot-loaded apoVs (CC-apoVs) that combined the antibacterial ability of Cu-CDs and liver KC targeting features of apoV. Moreover, intravenous injection of CC-apoVs markedly alleviated the systemic infection and decreased the mortality of septic mice compared to Cu-CD and apoV infusion alone. Mechanistically, CC-apoV injection rescued impaired liver KCs during sepsis and enhanced their ability to capture and kill bloodborne bacteria. In addition, apoV-promoted macrophage killing of bacteria could be blocked by the inhibition of small GTPase Rab5. This study reveals a liver KC-targeted therapeutic strategy for sepsis and provides a nanodrug CC-apoV to improve the host antibacterial defense and amplify the therapeutic effect of the nanodrug.

Needle of longitudinally polarized light using the circular Airy beam.

An optical needle is created using a radially polarized circular Airy beam with a conical angle, stemmed from the auto-focusing property of light beams. The utilization of the angular spectrum representation serves to illustrate the field distributions of the optical needle, and an explicit formula is provided to describe the angular spectrum of the light beam. The findings suggest that the optical needle exhibits a long depth of focus and well uniformity, and the full width at half maximum of the transverse field distribution is approximately 0.38 λ beyond the diffraction limit. The uniformity of the optical needle can be tailored by adjusting the width of the primary ring, the decay parameter, and the conical angle. Additionally, the depth of focus of the optical needle significantly improves as the radius of the primary ring increases while still maintaining well uniformity. It may find applications in high-resolution optical imaging and optical manipulation.

A novel antimicrobial peptide Scyreptin1-30 from Scylla paramamosain exhibiting potential therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa early infection in a mouse burn wound model.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant global threat to human health. In recent years, there has been a concerning surge in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, highlighting the pressing need to urgently explore novel and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a focal point of research, capturing significant attention as promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, we have identified a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) named Scyreptin1-30, derived from the marine invertebrate Scylla paramamosain. The results showed that Scyreptin1-30 exhibits a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, demonstrating significant potency against both bacteria and fungi, and even against the clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, Scyreptin1-30 exhibited rapid bactericidal kinetic. The results of antibacterial mechanism showed that Scyreptin1-30 destroyed the integrity of bacterial membranes, leading to bacterial death and exhibited potent anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. The activity of Scyreptin1-30 against bacteria had a favorable thermal stability, displayed a certain ion tolerance, and showed no discernible cytotoxicity when assessed against both the mammalian cell line HEK293T and the fish cell lines ZF4. In an In vivo study, Scyreptin1-30 exhibited a remarkably reduction in the bacterial load caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa at the site of infection, and promoted wound healing in a mouse model of burn infection. This study indicated that Scyreptin1-30 holds promise as an effective antibacterial agent, potentially serving as a topical skin treatment against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including those caused by P. aeruginosa.

GeO2 Nanoparticles Decorated in Amorphous Carbon Nanofiber Framework as Highly Reversible Lithium Storage Anode.

Germanium oxide (GeO2) is a high theoretical capacity electrode material due to its alloying and conversion reaction. However, the actual cycling capacity is rather poor on account of suffering low electron/ion conductivity, enormous volume change and agglomeration in the repeated lithiation/delithiation process, which renders quite a low reversible electrochemical lithium storage reaction. In this work, highly amorphous GeO2 particles are uniformly distributed in the carbon nanofiber framework, and the amorphous carbon nanofiber not only improves the conduction and buffers the volume changes but also prevents active material agglomeration. As a result, the present GeO2 and carbon composite electrode exhibits highly reversible alloying and conversion processes during the whole cycling process. The two reversible electrochemical reactions are verified by differential capacity curves and cyclic voltammetry measurements during the whole cycling process. The corresponding reversible capacity is 747 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.3 A g-1. The related reversible capacities are 933, 672, 487 and 302 mAh g-1 at current densities of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 A g-1, respectively. The simple strategy for the design of amorphous GeO2/carbon composites enables potential application for high-performance LIBs.

Photo-thermal Cooperative Carbonylation of Ethanol with CO2 on Cu2 O-SrTiCuO3-x.

Carbonylation of ethanol with CO2 as carbonyl source into value-added esters is of considerable significance and interest, while remains of great challenge due to the harsh conditions for activation of inert CO2 in that the harsh conditions result in undesired activation of α-C-H and even cleavage of C-C bond in ethanol to deteriorate the specific activation of O-H bond. Herein, we propose a photo-thermal cooperative strategy for carbonylation of ethanol with CO2 , in which CO2 is activated to reactive CO via photo-catalysis with the assistance of *H from thermally-catalyzed dissociation of alcoholic O-H bond. To achieve this proposal, an interfacial site and oxygen vacancy both abundant SrTiCuO3-x supported Cu2 O (Cu2 O-SrTiCuO3-x ) has been designed. A production of up to 320 µmol g-1 h-1 for ethyl formate with a selectivity of 85.6 % to targeted alcoholic O-H activation has been afforded in photo-thermal assisted gas-solid process under 3.29 W cm-1 of UV/Vis light irradiation (144 °C) and 0.2 MPa CO2 . In the photo-driven activation of CO2 and following carbonylation, CO2 activation energy decreases to 12.6 kJ mol-1 , and the cleavage of alcoholic α-C-H bond has been suppressed.

Parasitization of Aphis gossypii Glover by Binodoxys communis Gahan Causes Shifts in the Ovarian Bacterial Microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Aphis gossypii Glover is an important agricultural pest distributed worldwide. Binodoxys communis Gahan is the main parasitoid wasp of A. gossypii. Previous studies have shown that parasitization causes reduced egg production in A. gossypii, but the effects of parasitism on the symbiotic bacteria in the host ovaries are unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed the microbial communities in the ovaries of A. gossypii without and after parasitization. Whether parasitized or not, Buchnera was the dominant genus of symbiotic bacteria in the ovaries, followed by facultative symbionts including Arsenophonus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. The relative abundance of Buchnera in the aphid ovary increased after parasitization for 1 d in both third-instar nymph and adult stages, but decreased after parasitization for 3 d. The shifts in the relative abundance of Arsenophonus in both stages were the same as those observed for Buchnera. In addition, the relative abundance of Serratia remarkably decreased after parasitization for 1 d and increased after parasitization for 3 d. A functional predictive analysis of the control and parasitized ovary microbiomes revealed that pathways primarily enriched in parasitization were "amino acid transport and metabolism" and "energy production and conversion." Finally, RT-qPCR analysis was performed on Buchnera, Arsenophonus, and Serratia. The results of RT-qPCR were the same as the results of 16S rDNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a framework for investigating shifts in the microbial communities in host ovaries, which may be responsible for reduced egg production in aphids. These findings also broaden our understanding of the interactions among aphids, parasitoid wasps, and endosymbionts.

Growth-promoting effect of antimicrobial peptide Scy-hepc on mariculture large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea and the underlying mechanism.

With the antibiotics prohibition in feedstuffs worldwide, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a more promising substitute for antibiotics to be used as feed additives, and positive results have been reported in livestock feeding studies. However, whether dietary supplementation of AMPs could promote the growth of mariculture animals such as fish and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. In the study, a recombinant AMP product of Scy-hepc was used as a dietary supplement (10 mg/kg) to feed mariculture juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 52.9 g for 150 days. During the feeding trial, the fish fed with Scy-hepc showed a significant growth-promoting performance. Especially at 60 days after feeding, fish fed with Scy-hepc weighed approximately 23% more than the control group. It was further confirmed that the growth-related signaling pathways such as the GH-Jak2-STAT5-IGF1 growth axis, the PI3K-Akt and Erk/MAPK pathways were all activated in the liver after Scy-hepc feeding. Furthermore, a second repeated feeding trial was scheduled for 30 days using much smaller juvenile L. crocea with an average initial BW of 6.3 g, and similar positive results were observed. Further investigation revealed that the downstream effectors of the PI3K-Akt pathway, such as p70S6K and 4EBP1, were significantly phosphorylated, suggesting that Scy-hepc feeding might promote translation initiation and protein synthesis processes in the liver. Taken together, as an effector of innate immunity, AMP Scy-hepc played a role in promoting the growth of L. crocea and the underlying mechanism was associated with the activation of the GH-Jak2-STAT5-IGF1 axis, as well as the PI3K-Akt and Erk/MAPK signaling pathways.

Tracking registration of optical see-through augmented reality based on the Riemannian manifold constraint.

Two three-dimensional tracking registration methods combined with Riemannian manifold object constraints are proposed to solve problems of low accuracy and instability of three-dimensional tracking registration in sparse and complex scenes. A deep convolution neural network is used to extract three-dimensional instance objects from the location by analyzing reasons that affect registration accuracy in sparse and complex scenes. The three-dimensional tracking registration model is established according to the Riemannian manifold constraint relationship of instance objects in different states. The stability of the three-dimensional tracking registration algorithm is improved by combining inertial sensors, and cumulative error is optimized using instance object labels to improve algorithm robustness. The proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of three-dimensional tracking registration. It can improve the performance of augmented reality systems and be applied to power system navigation, medical, and other fields.

The Antimicrobial Peptide LJ-hep2 from Lateolabrax japonicus Exerting Activities against Multiple Pathogenic Bacteria and Immune Protection In Vivo.

Hepcidin is widely present in many kinds of fish and is an important innate immune factor. A variety of HAMP2-type hepcidins have strong antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions and are expected to be developed as substitutes for antibiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Hepc2 from Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (designated as LJ-hep2) was investigated using its recombinant precursor protein (rLJ-hep2) expressed in Pichia pastoris and a chemically synthesized mature peptide (LJ-hep2(66-86)). The results showed that both rLJ-hep2 and synthetic LJ-hep2(66-86) displayed broad antimicrobial spectrum with potent activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Especially, LJ-hep2(66-86) had stronger antimicrobial activity and exhibited potent activity against several clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium. Moreover, LJ-hep2(66-86) exerted rapid bactericidal kinetic (killed tested bacteria within 2 h), induced significant morphological changes and promoted agglutination of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. The activity of LJ-hep2(66-86) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila was stable and remained active when heated for 30 min. In addition, LJ-hep2(66-86) exhibited no cytotoxicity to the mammalian cell line HEK293T and fish cell lines (EPC and ZF4). In vivo study showed that LJ-hep2(66-86) could improve the survival rate of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) by about 40% under the challenge of A. hydrophila, indicating its immunoprotective function. Taken together, both rLJ-hep2 and LJ-hep2(66-86) have good prospects to be used as potential antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and medicine in the future.

Pt1 enhanced C-H activation synergistic with Ptn catalysis for glycerol cascade oxidation to glyceric acid.

The selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, an important value-added reaction from polyols, is a typical cascade catalytic process. It is still of great challenge to simultaneously achieve high glycerol activity and glyceric acid selectivity, suffering from either deep oxidation and C-C cleavage or poor oxidation efficiency from glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. Herein, this work, inspired by nature, proposes a cascade synergistic catalysis strategy by atomic and low-coordinated cluster Pt on well-defined Cu-CuZrOx, which involves enhanced C-H activation on atomic Pt1 and O-H activation on cluster Ptn in the oxidation of glycerol to glyceraldehyde, and cluster Ptn for C=O activation followed by O-H insertion and atomic Pt1 for C-H activation in the tandem oxidation of glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. The enhanced C-H activation in the cascade process by atomic Pt1 is revealed to be essential for the high glycerol activity (90.0±0.1%) and the glyceric acid selectivity (80.2±0.2%).

Mesoscale Mechanism of P-dopant Defects and Interface Synergy for Phenols Degradation.

The semiconductor based photocatalysis has become a hot spot of current research, and the key challenges are the construction of strong functional heterojunction photocatalysts, and insights on the working mechanism involved. In this work, we constructed a NiFe- LDHs/P-TCN heterojunction with P-dopant defects and interface synergy and elucidated its mesoscale mechanism among different constituent interfaces. The interface photoelectron transfer was detected by PAS, EPR and other methods, and the enhancing mechanism of the defect sites for interface electron transfer and photocatalytic activity was proposed. The interfacial electrons, photoelectric properties and photocatalytic activity are found to be positively correlated. The result is conducive for a better understanding on working mechanism of heterogeneous photocatalysts, which opened a broader research space for the rational design and construction of functional interfaces.

Selective Photocatalytic Activation of Ethanol C-H and O-H Bonds over Multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2: Role of Catalyst Surface Structure and Reaction Kinetics.

The chemical bond diversity and flexible reactivity of biomass-derived ethanol make it a vital feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals but result in low conversion selectivity. Herein, composite catalysts comprising SiO2-coated single- or multiparticle Au cores hybridized with TiO2 nanoparticles (mono- or multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2, respectively) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly. The C-H and O-H bonds of ethanol were selectively activated (by SiO2 and TiO2, respectively) under irradiation to form CH3CH•(OH) or CH3CH2O• radicals, respectively. The formation and depletion kinetics of these radicals was analyzed by electron spin resonance to reveal marked differences between mono- and multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2. Consequently, the selectivity of these catalysts for 1,1-diethoxyethane after 6 h irradiation was determined as 81 and 99%, respectively, which was attributed to the more pronounced effect of localized surface plasmon resonance for multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2. Notably, only acetaldehyde was formed on a Au/TiO2 catalyst without a SiO2 shell. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the C-H adsorption of ethanol was enhanced in the case of multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2, while NH3 temperature-programmed desorption and pyridine adsorption FTIR spectroscopy revealed that multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2 exhibited enhanced surface acidity. Collectively, the results of experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that the adsorption of acetaldehyde on multi-Au@SiO2/TiO2 was stronger than that on Au/TiO2, which resulted in the oxidative coupling of ethanol to afford 1,1-diethoxyethane on the former and the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde on the latter.

Interfacial Sites in Ag Supported Layered Double Oxide for Dehydrogenation Coupling of Ethanol to n-Butanol.

Upgrading of ethanol to n-butanol through dehydrogenation coupling has received increasing attention due to the wide application of n-butanol. But the enhancement of ethanol dehydrogenation and followed coupling to produce high selectivity to n-butanol is still highly desired. Our previous work has reported an acid-base-Ag synergistic catalysis, with Ag particles supported on Mg and Al-containing layered double oxides (Ag/MgAl-LDO). Here, Ag-LDO interfaces have been manipulated for dehydrogenation coupling of ethanol to n-butanol by tailoring the size of Ag particles and the interactions between Ag and LDO. It has been revealed that increasing the population of surface Ag sites at Ag-LDO interfaces promotes not only the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde but also the subsequent aldol condensation of generated acetaldehyde. A selectivity of up to 76 % to n-butanol with an ethanol conversion of 44 % has been achieved on Ag/LDO with abundant interfacial Ag sites, much superior to the state-of-the-art catalysts.

Atomic Pt-Catalyzed Heterogeneous Anti-Markovnikov C-N Formation: Pt10 Activating N-H for Pt1δ+-Activated C═C Attack.

C-N formation is of great significance to synthetic chemistry, as N-containing products are widely used in chemistry, medicine, and biology. Addition of an amine to an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond is a simple yet effective route to produce new C-N bonds. But how to effectively conduct an anti-Markovnikov addition with high selectivity has been a great challenge. Here, we proposed a strategy for highly regioselective C-N addition via hydroamination by using supported Pt. It has been identified that atomic-scale Pt is the active site for C-N addition with Pt12+ for Markovnikov C-N formation and atomic Pt (Pt1δ+ and Pt10) contributing to anti-Markovnikov C-N formation. A selectivity of up to 92% to the anti-Markovnikov product has been achieved with atomic Pt in the addition of styrene and pyrrolidine. A cooperating catalysis for the anti-Markovnikov C-N formation between Pt1δ+ and Pt10 has been revealed. The reaction mechanism has been studied by EPR spectra and in situ FT-IR spectra of adsorption/desorption of styrene and/or pyrrolidine. It has been demonstrated that Pt10 activates amine to be electrophilic, while Pt1δ+ activates C═C by π-bonding to make ß-C nucleophilic. The attack of nucleophilic ß-C to electrophilic amine affords the anti-Markovnikov addition. This strategy proves highly effective to a variety of substrates in anti-Markovnikov C-N formation, including aromatic/aliphatic amines reacting with aromatic olefins, aromatic/aliphatic olefins with aromatic amines, and linear aliphatic olefins with secondary aliphatic amines. It is believed that the results provide evidence for the function of varied chemical states in monatomic catalysis.

Dysregulation of the Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Modulating Expression of P27KIP1/CDK2.

Background: Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A variety of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be significantly involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, which is an essential process for atherosclerotic plaque formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) involvement in atherosclerosis. Method: The effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and UCA1 on VSMC proliferation and colony-forming ability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and western blots, as well as to determine the effect that oxLDL has on UCA1 expression, and the effect of oxLDL and UCA1 on the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Results: oxLDL treatment increased the proliferation rate of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, UCA1 apparently increased the viability of VSMCs as the VSMCs exhibited a significantly reduced growth rate when UCA1 expression was knocked down by specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In conjunction with increasing cell viability, oxLDL also enhanced the colony-forming ability of VSMCs while UCA1 siRNA decreased the colony-forming ability of VSMCs. Furthermore, UCA1 significantly decreased the percentage of VSMCs in G1 phase, while increasing their percentage in S phase. In contract siRNA knockdown of UCA1 caused an increased percentage of cell in G1 phase, and a reduction in the percentage of cells in S phase. Using real-time PCR and western blot assays, we showed that oxLDL significantly increased the expression levels of UCA1 and CDK2. Furthermore, UCA1 siRNA and CDK2 siRNA almost abolished the positive effect of oxLDL on CDK2 expression. Finally, overexpression of UCA1 induced an increase in CDK2 levels, and knockdown of UCA1 caused inhibition of CDK2 expression. Conclusion: Upregulation of UCA1 enhances abnormal proliferation of VSMC by promoting G1/S transition through modulating the expression of CDK2.

MicroRNA-34c suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell via modulating high mobility group box protein 1.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the most frequent pathological process that causes cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to confirm miRNAs associated with atherosclerosis and explore the molecular mechanism of miR-34c and its target high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the control of growth of smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Real-time PCR was firstly performed to confirm miRNA correlation with atherosclerosis, and computational analysis and luciferase assay were performed to explore the target of miR-34c, Western blot, and real-time PCR were also utilized to reveal the effect of whether high glucose (HG) and miR-34c affect miR-34c, HMGB1 levels, NF-κB p65 and TNF-α levels, and the role of miR-34c on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) viability induced by HG. Students' unpaired t test was performed to compare data between two groups. RESULTS: MiR-34c level was associated with atherosclerosis with different expression between VSMCs treated with high glucose or normal VSMCs. Then, HMGB1 is a virtual target of miR-34c with predicted binding site resided in HMGB1 3'UTR and further verified by that miR-34c remarkably reduced luciferase activity of wild HMGB1 3'UTR under a concentration-dependent fashion, and miR-34c cannot influence luciferase activity of mutant HMGB1 3'UTR. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested miR-34c might be a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of atherosclerosis by suppressing the expression of HGMB1 and its downstream effectors.

Seawater quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for oil pollution in China.

The establishment of water quality criteria (WQC) for oil pollutants is the basis for ecological risk assessment of marine oil pollution. Ecotoxicity data of oil pollutants to marine organisms in China were collected and toxicity test of oil to nine Chinese marine organisms were performed. Based on the WQC guidelines of the United States, the sea WQC of oil pollutants in China were studied. Then, the ecological risk of oil in 7 sea areas of China was assessed. Results showed that the long-term and short-term criteria of oil pollutants in China are 7.3 µg/L and 36 µg/L, respectively. Except for Qinhuangdao and Xiamen sea areas, the highest oil concentration in the other five sea areas exceeded the long-term WQC by >10 times, and the highest oil concentration in the Pearl River Estuary exceeded the long-term WQC by >100 times, indicating serious ecological risk.

Endo- and Exo-Functionalized Tetraphenylethylene M12L24 Nanospheres: Fluorescence Emission inside a Confined Space.

The intrinsic relationship between the properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its encapsulated small molecular light machine has spurred many biomimicking studies, aiming at revealing the detailed mechanism and further promoting its wide applications in different disciplines. However, how to build a similar confined microenvironment to mimic the cavity of a ß-barrel and the fluorescence turn-on process is a fundamental challenge for both chemists and biologists. Herein, two distinct exo- and endo-functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based M12L24 nanospheres with precise distribution of anchored TPE moieties and unique photophysical properties were constructed by means of a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy. Under dilute conditions, the nanospheres fluoresce more strongly than the corresponding TPE subcomponents. Meanwhile, the endo-functionalized sphere is able to induce a higher local concentration and more restrained motion of the enclosed 24 TPE units compared with exo-functionalized counterpart and thus induces much stronger emission due to the restriction of the rotation of the pendant TPE units. The biomimetic methodology developed here represents a promising way to understand and construct artificial GFP materials on the platforms of supramolecular coordination complexes.

Research of the three-dimensional tracking and registration method based on multiobjective constraints in an AR system.

To match the virtual image and actual environment in an augmented reality (AR) system, it is necessary to complete the task of three-dimensional (3D) tracking registration. This paper proposes a new method for 3D tracking registration. Previous methods extract feature points in images to realize tracking registration. In this paper, the objects are extracted from the deep convolution neural network in the scene, and the camera pose is estimated by establishing the constraint relation of the objects. Then, 3D tracking and registration of the virtual object are realized. We design an improved single-shot multibox detector semantic segmentation network to identify and segment the scene and extract the pixel classification results of the objects in the scene. The effect of classification with this method is better. The depth of the extracted object is estimated based on the data from the left and right cameras, and the 2D image is converted into a 3D point cloud. A camera pose estimation method, combined with multiobjective information, is proposed. The camera transformation matrix is directly estimated by establishing a mathematical model. This method avoids the effect on the accuracy of the camera pose estimation when the feature points are not sufficient. Moreover, by assigning different weights to the point clouds of different objects, errors caused by the model can be reduced. The experimental results showed that the 3D registration method proposed in this paper is less than 2.5 pixels in the application scene of an augmented reality head-up display. This method had a better effect compared with that of existing methods and also improved driving safety.