Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor-adult cystic nephroma of the kidney: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis.

The mixed epithelial and stromal tumor family of kidney contain neoplasms with biphasic epithelial and stromal component. According to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification, they encompasses a spectrum of tumors ranging from predominantly cystic tumors (adult cystic nephroma) to tumors that are variably solid (Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor-MESTs). We present the case of a 20-year-old woman with an adult cystic nephroma which was verified by immunohistochemical examination.

Renin-Angiotensin System Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), besides being a major regulator of blood pressure, is also involved in tumor angiogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the use of pharmacologic RAS inhibitors and a delay in urothelial bladder cancer (BC) progression. However, it is unknown whether RAS gene variants may predispose to the development of BC. This study examined the association of RAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including AT1R rs5186, AT2R rs11091046, REN rs12750834, ANG rs4762, and ANG rs699 with the risk of developing non-invasive BC. Peripheral blood samples from 73 patients with T1 urothelial BC (66 men, seven women) and an equal number of healthy subjects (control group) were collected. The TT genotype of the REN rs12750834 SNP (OR: 2.8 [1.3-6.05], p = 0.008) and to a lesser extent the presence of the T allele (OR: 2.3 [1.2-4.48], p = 0.01) conferred a higher risk of BC. The highest risk for BC within SNP carriers of the RAS system was associated with the presence of the CC genotype (OR: 17.6 [7.5-41.35], p < 0.001) and C allele (OR: 17.7 [8.8-35.9], p < 0.001) of the ANG rs699 SNP. The presence of the AT2R rs11091046 SNP, particularly the AA genotype, was associated with a protective effect against developing BC (OR: 0.268 [0.126-057], p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results support the clinical utility of RAS gene SNPs AT2R rs11091046, REN rs12750834, and ANG rs699 in the genetic cancer risk assessment of patients and families with BC.

Asymptomatic Presacral Paraganglioma: Management of an Unpredictable Intraoperative Finding.

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the embryological neural crest. We report a rare case of a patient with an asymptomatic presacral mass (incidentaloma) who experienced an unpredictable intraoperative hypertensive crisis after manipulation of the tumor. Presacral neoplasms pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their obscure anatomical location and the difficulty in performing an R0 excision. Furthermore, the management of asymptomatic paragangliomas requires a high level of clinical suspicion and expertise due to potential life-threatening intraoperative complications.

Haemangiopericytoma of the greater omentum: a rare tumour requiring long-term follow-up.

Haemangiopericytomas (HPC) are highly vascularized tumours located in any part of the body where capillaries can be found. Since 2002, they have been re-classified under the umbrella 'extrapleural Solitary Fibrous Tumour (SFT)' and the term HPC is nowadays used to describe a growth pattern rather than a clinical entity. Their biological behaviour varies and they require a long-term follow-up since they may recur or metastasise several years after successful treatment. We present the case of a gentleman with HPC of the greater omentum initially appeared in 1998. HPC rarely develops in the greater omentum and only 20 cases have been described in the literature till today. Despite complete excision the mass re-appeared in 2011 and 2017, 13 and 19 years after initial treatment. Surgical management included en bloc excision of three lesions along with greater omentum. No further treatment was required.