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Background: Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy increase the chance of ovarian failure. Ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) is a viable option for fertility preservation in these cases. We aim to report ovarian transplantation in a leukemia case undergoing the vitrification method. Case Presentation: The case was a 28-yr-old female in Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran who was suffering from leukemia. Ovarian biopsy was performed by laparoscopy surgery and transported to cryopreservation lab at 4 C for 1-2 hr. The ovarian cortex was removed from the medulla, and ovarian strips were cryopreserved by vitrification. This procedure used the equilibration and vitrification solutions including medium 199 supplemented with 20% serum, and ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide with concentrations of 7.5% and 20%, respectively. Before doing OTT, we assessed the tissue viability and follicular count by chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes and histologic survey, respectively. OTT was done after complete remission, following warmed tissue sutured together and transplanted on the residual medulla on the right side. On the left side, the ovary was removed completely; however, 2 strips were put on the peritoneal pocket. Anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels were 0.1 ng/mL, 36.5 mIU/mL, and 19.8 mIU/mL before OTT. During a 6-month follow-up, the anti-Müllerian hormone increased to 0.9, and then follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels decreased dramatically until 17.47 mIU/mL and 6.71 mIU/mL, respectively. Also, the patient had 3 cycles of menstrual periods. Conclusion: We demonstrated an appropriate hormonal profile, and the restoration of the menstrual cycle might indicate a successful transplant. Further investigations are needed to achieve successful clinical outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: Single sperm cryopreservation (SSC) is a specific technique especially used in individuals with small numbers of sperm who suffered from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Testicular specimens possess poor motility and low population of viable spermatozoa. Therefore, sperm selection methods such as applying pentoxifylline (PTX) may improve motility in these cases. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of PTX on testicular spermatozoa before and after performing SSC. METHODS: Thirty testicular samples were obtained from men with azoospermia. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 evaluated the effect of PTX for sperm selection before SSC. Twenty testicular samples were divided to two experimental groups: SSC without (I) and with PTX treatment (II). For PTX treatment spermatozoa were incubated with PTX at 37°C for 30 min and only motile spermatozoa were selected for SSC. In phase 2, ten testicular samples were cryopreserved with SSC and warming procedure was carried out in droplet with and without PTX. Motility and viability rates, morphology by motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated. RESULTS: In phase 1, post warm motility rate was higher in PTX exposed group compared to the unexposed group (25.6 ± 8.13 vs. 0.85 ± 2.1) (p > 0.00). Recovery rate, viability and morphology were not significantly different between groups. DNA integrity and MMP were also similar between both groups. In phase 2 although motility increased in PTX group compared to without PTX group (29.30 ± 12.73 vs. 1.90 ± 2.64) (p > 0.00), the viability rate was not different (70.40 ± 12.12 vs. 65.30 ± 11.87). All above mentioned parameters were similar between the two SSC groups. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of testicular spermatozoa with PTX before cryopreservation increases motility and did not have adverse effects on viability, morphology, DNA integrity and MMP. PTX could be used as sperm selection method before single sperm cryopreservation, but PTX could not maintain motile the most of viable testicular sperms.
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Azoospermia , Criopreservação , Pentoxifilina , Preservação do Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Masculino , Humanos , Criopreservação/métodos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Fragmentação do DNA , Testículo/patologia , Adulto , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has deleterious effects on sperm motility and viability, as well as oocyte membrane and organelle structure. The aim was to assess the effects of cell phone radiation on preimplantation embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice. For superovulation, 20 female mice were treated with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 10 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (Folligon® PMSG), followed by 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after 48 h. The zygotes (n = 150) from the control group were incubated for 4 days. The experimental zygotes (n = 150) were exposed to a cell phone emitting EMR with a frequency range 900-1800 MHz for 30 min on day 1. Then, all embryos were cultured in the time-lapse system and annotated based on time points from the 2-cell stage (t2) to hatched blastocyst (tHDyz), as well as abnormal cleavage patterns. Blastocyst viability was assessed using Hoechst and propidium iodide staining. Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in the cleavage division time points of t2, t8, t10, and t12 of the experimental group compared with the controls. In terms of blastocyst formation parameters, a delay in embryo development was observed in the experimental group compared with the controls. Data analysis of the time intervals between the two groups showed a significant difference in the s3 time interval (P < 0.05). Also, the rates of fragmentation, reverse cleavage, vacuole formation, and embryo arrest were significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the cell survival rate in the experimental group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Exposure to EMR has detrimental consequences for preimplantation embryo development in mice. These effects can manifest as defects in the cleavage stage and impaired blastocyst formation, leading to lower cell viability.
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Blastocisto , Telefone Celular , Radiação Eletromagnética , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Animais , Feminino , Blastocisto/efeitos da radiação , Blastocisto/fisiologia , Blastocisto/citologia , Camundongos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Gravidez , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/métodos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Superovulação/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 6-20% of women of reproductive age. One of the symptoms of PCOS is hyperandrogenism, which can impair follicular development. This disruption can cause issues with the development of oocytes and the growth of embryos. Although the exact cause of PCOS is not yet fully understood, studying the gene expression pattern of cumulus cells, which play a crucial role in the maturation and quality of oocytes, could help identify the genes associated with oocyte maturation in PCOS women. Through indirect activation of APC/Cdc20, RBX1 enables oocytes to bypass the GV (germinal vesicles) stage and advance to the MII (metaphase II) stage. our other gene is the BAMBI gene which stimulates WNT signaling, that is a crucial pathway for healthy ovarian function. This study aims to explore the expression level of the RBX1 and BAMBI genes between GV and MII oocytes of PCOS and non-PCOS groups. METHODS: In this experiment, we gathered the cumulus cells of MII (38 cases and 33 control) and GV (38 cases and 33 control) oocytes from women with/without PCOS. Besides, quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess the semi-quantitative expression of BAMBI and RBX1. RESULTS: According to our research, the expression level of RBX1 and BAMBI in MII and GV cumulus cells of PCOS patients was significantly lower than that in non-PCOS ones. CONCLUSION: This research raises the possibility of RBX1 and BAMBI involvement in oocyte quality in PCOS women.
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Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/genética , Oogênese/fisiologia , Oócitos/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective was to investigate the embryo morphokinitics using a time-lapse monitoring (TLM) system and assessment of clinical outcomes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with zona pellucida (ZP)-bound sperm selection and conventional methods. A total of 371 metaphase II (MII) oocytes from 50 ICSI cycles were studied. Sibling oocytes were randomly divided into control (n = 199) and ZP-bound group (n = 172). All resulting zygotes were cultured and monitored in the TLM system up to Day 3 after ICSI. Fertilization rate, early embryo development, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. No significant differences were found in fertilization rate, time-lapse qualitative and quantitative measures, pronuclear fading time (PNF) t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, and t7 (times of cleavage to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 cells), respectively. However, the t8 (time of cleavage to eight cells) and cc3 (duration of third cell cycle) revealed a significant difference between control and ZP-bound groups (p < .05). A significant difference between the two groups (p < .05) in the rates of Grade A embryos (according to Basile algorithm), chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and implantation was observed. Sperm selection using biological materials, such as ZP, improved both embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes, despite not affecting the early embryo development and morphokinetic parameters up to t8. This prospective randomized sibling oocyte trial was registered in October 2020 to January 2022 (IRCT20200705048021N1).
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Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Zona Pelúcida , Gravidez , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sêmen , Oócitos , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and Ca2+ ionophore (CI) A12387 treatment on some biological characteristics of sperm cells in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) patients. After processing, each sample was divided into four groups: 1, control; 2, exposed to 3.6 mM PTX; 3, exposed to 5 µm calcium ionophore (CI); and 4, exposed to both PTX and CI; 30 min at 37°C. Sperm motility was measured before and after preparation. Acrosome reaction (AR), status of sperm vacuoles, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation were assessed using PSA-FITC staining, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), JC-1 staining and sperm chromatin dispersion (CSD) test, respectively. Treatment with PTX and CI led to increased and decreased sperm motility, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, vacuole status and rates of sperm DNA fragmentation were not significantly different among groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the data showed that the rates of AR and disrupted MMP were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in vitro application of PTX not only did not have any adverse effects on sperm cell biology characteristics, but also can rectify the harmful effect of CI.
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Astenozoospermia , Infertilidade Masculina , Oligospermia , Pentoxifilina , Masculino , Humanos , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Pentoxifilina/metabolismo , Oligospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Oligospermia/metabolismo , Ionóforos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Ionóforos de Cálcio/metabolismo , Astenozoospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Astenozoospermia/metabolismo , Sêmen , Infertilidade Masculina/terapia , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inducer of sperm motility, on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and clinical characteristics in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. The pilot study included 15 NOA patients. Half of each sperm sample before and after rapid freezing, was treated with PTX (3.6 mM /l, 30 min) as the PTX group and the remaining samples were considered as the control. SDF and sperm motility were assessed in each group. The clinical study comprised 30 fresh testicular sperm extractions (TESE) and 22 post-thawed TESE intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Half of the mature oocytes from each patient were injected with PTX-treated spermatozoa and the remaining oocytes were injected with non-treated spermatozoa. Fertilization was assessed at 16 h post injection. Embryo transfer was carried out on day 2 after fertilization. Chemical pregnancy was assessed 2 weeks after transfer. PTX was found to significantly increase (P < 0.05) sperm motility. There was an insignificant difference in SDF rates between the groups (P > 0.05). In patient ovaries given fresh TESE, there was not any significant difference in clinical characteristics (P > 0.05). In patient ovaries given post-thawed TESE, there was a significant difference in the number of 2PN and in embryo formation (P < 0.05). Differences in the results of chemical pregnancy were insignificant (P > 0.05) between the groups. In addition, there was not any correlation between DNA fragmentation index and sperm motility and laboratory outcomes. Therefore, obtaining viable spermatozoa using PTX was more effective in post-thawed TESE regime patients in terms of 2PN and in embryo formation, deprived of damaging effects on sperm DNA integrity.
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Azoospermia , Pentoxifilina , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Azoospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Azoospermia/genética , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Projetos Piloto , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Testículo , DNA , Recuperação Espermática , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
Sperm processing for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) aims to separate immotile and debris from the motile spermatozoa in the semen. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of free centrifuge sorting (FCS) approach based on a combination of rheotaxis and swim-up on sperm biological characteristics and ICSI clinical outcomes. Each semen sample was splitted into two equal parts for 67 ICSI cycles with donation oocytes. Parts were processed with the Direct Swim Up (DSU) (control) and with the FCS method (experimental). Sperm quality was assessed in terms of motility, fine morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA fragmentation. Also Following ICSI, the clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Sperm progressive motility (93.5 ± 4.1% vs. 78.6 ± 8.2%; p < 0.001), the fraction of Class I (good) morphology (30.2 ± 9.4% vs. 23.7 ± 8.5%; p < 0.0001) and the rate of mitochondrial membrane potential (77.4 ± 7.2% vs. 66.9 ± 5.7%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the FCS compared to DSU groups. The level of lipid peroxidation (0.5 ± 0.05% vs. 0.6 ± 0.06%; p < 0.0001) and concentration of DNA fragmentation (DF) (7.4 ± 1.6% vs. 15.4 ± 2.6%; p < 0.0001) were lower in sperm from the FCS group compared to DSU group. There were higher rates of high-quality embryo formation (p < 0.001), implantation and clinical pregnancy rates (p = 0.03) in the FCS group compared to the control group. The processing of seminal samples using FCS collected spermatozoa with better biological quality and resulted in higher reproductive outcomes in ICSI cycles.
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Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Fragmentação do DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oócitos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Background: Total fertilization failure (TFF) is associated with essential mechanistic and cellular events. Objective: The present study is a comprehensive examination of detrimental effects with well-known assays for predicting TFF in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Materials and Methods: Semen parameters of 90 men, including 60 cases who had experienced IVF/ICSI failure and a control group of 30 individuals, were evaluated. Sperm chromatin/DNA quality assessments were done by aniline blue, toluidine blue, chromomycin A3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. A lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) kit was used to measure the LPO, and JC1 staining was used to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results: There were statistically significant differences found between the IVF, ICSI and control groups by the toluidine blue (p = 0.01), TUNEL (p = 0.02), and chromomycin A3 (p < 0.001) tests, but not by the aniline blue staining. Furthermore, there was a significant difference regarding LPO concentration and high MMP in cases of IVF fertilization failure compared to the control group (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively). The logistic regression model showed that sperm viability was predictive for fertilization failure in the ICSI group. Sperm chromatin and DNA quality assays were not predictors for TFF in either group. Conclusion: Cellular events such as high DNA fragmentation damage, high levels of reactive oxygen species, and low MMP levels can cause TFF in IVF and ICSI programs. Diagnostic tests, especially in cases with previous fertilization failure, showed significant differences in sperm chromatin and DNA quality between groups but could not predict the risk of TFF.
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Due to the increase in cancer among young women, the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency with subsequent infertility has been raised. Fertility preservation restores reproductive potential along with increasing life expectancy in these patients. Given the articles on new options for treating cancerous women, we searched the keywords, including fertility preservation, in vitro maturation (IVM), and ovarian cryopreservation. This review focuses on the currently available procedures, including in (IVM) of retrieved immature oocytes, oocyte, embryo, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). OTC is a helpful procedure that restores ovarian function and natural pregnancy. Also, we summarized the literature that reported the qualification of using the abovementioned procedures, comparing the cryopreservation methods including vitrification and slow freezing. Due to the impressive clinical development of OTC in cancerous patients, it is recommended as a standard treatment in cryopreservation strategies.
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OBJECTIVE: Optimizing culture media for the incubation of immature oocytes is a vital strategy to increase the oocyte maturation rate during in vitro maturation (IVM) programs. This study evaluated the IVM and fertilization rates of human germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) oocytes using two different maturation media (commercial and homemade) with or without growth differentiation factor 9-ß (GDF9-ß). supplementation. METHODS: Immature oocytes from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were collected and assigned to one of two IVM culture media (commercial or homemade; cleavage-stage base). After maturation, MII oocytes were examined under an inverted microscope for the presence of the polar body, zona pellucida (ZP) birefringence, and meiotic spindle (MS) visualization after maturation in four conditions (commercial or homemade medium, with or without GDF9-ß. ICSI was done for matured oocytes, and fertilization was confirmed by the visualization of two distinct pronuclei and two polar bodies. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two culture media in terms of the time and rate of oocyte maturation or the rate of fertilization (p>0.05). Growth factor supplementation increased the 24-hour maturation rate for both GV and MI oocytes only in homemade medium. The maturation rate after 24 hours was higher for MI oocytes (p<0.05). Similar results were observed for MS visualization and ZP structure in both types of media (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher rates of oocyte maturation and fertilization were observed after application of homemade medium supplemented with GDF9-ß. Therefore, this combination may be recommended as an alternative for clinical IVM programs.
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been utilized in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for immobilization and manipulation of spermatozoa. This study aims to determine the suitable time that sperm cells could be safely exposed to PVP during ICSI procedure. Twenty-five normal semen samples were prepared using the swim-up method and then were exposed to 10% PVP at different time intervals (15, 30 and 60 min). The effect of PVP on sperm parameters (viability and morphology), DNA fragmentation index (sperm chromatin dispersion test), chromatin quality (aniline blue, toluidine blue and chromomycin A3 staining), acrosome reaction, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm ultrastructure was assessed at different time intervals. Our results showed that prolonged sperm exposure in PVP for 15, 30 and 60 min significantly affects viability and morphology with a concomitant increase in DNA fragmentation and abnormal chromatin structure, while the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa was additionally increased. In addition, the spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly decreased compared to unexposed spermatozoa to PVP. In conclusion, the detrimental effects of PVP were increased significantly following sperm exposure in PVP after 15 min. Therefore, the sperm exposure to PVP should be limited to less than 15 min during ICSI procedure.
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Povidona , Espermatozoides , Reação Acrossômica , Cromatina , Fragmentação do DNA , Humanos , Masculino , Povidona/toxicidade , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. METHODS: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium. RESULTS: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). CONCLUSION: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
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OBJECTIVE: Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. METHODS: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium. RESULTS: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). CONCLUSION: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
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PURPOSE: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a chemical material used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. The aim of this study was to investigate the ideal time that sperm can be safely incubated in PVP with less structure and DNA damage. METHOD: Thirty-one Oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT) samples were used. Sperm samples were prepared by discontinuous density-gradients method and incubated in 10% PVP at different time intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min). The effect of PVP was assessed on sperm DNA fragmentation and viability via SCD assay and Eosin-nigrosin staining respectively. RESULTS: Data showed there was a significant increase in sperm DNA fragmentation at 10 min compared to 0 min. The viability rate also significantly reduced at 10 min compared to 0 min. CONCLUSION: As a result, sperm samples could be incubated with PVP for less than 10 min. While prolonged incubation may significantly damage the sperm DNA integrity and viability.
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Povidona , Espermatozoides , Fragmentação do DNA , Humanos , Masculino , Povidona/farmacologia , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/métodosRESUMO
Cell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Concern on the possible health hazards of RF-EMR has been growing in many countries because these RF-EMR pulses may be absorbed into the body cells, directly affecting them. There are some in vitro and in vivo animal studies related to the consequences of RF-EMR exposure from cell phones on embryo development and offspring. In addition, some studies have revealed that RF-EMR from cellular phone may lead to decrease in the rates of fertilization and embryo development, as well as the risk of the developmental anomalies, other studies have reported that it does not interfere with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates, or the chromosomal aberration rate. Of course, it is unethical to study the effect of waves generated from cell phones on the forming human embryos. Conversely, other mammals have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. Therefore, in this review we focused on the existing literature evaluating the potential effects of RF-EMR on mammalian embryonic and fetal development.
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BACKGROUND: Aging may reduce oocyte maturation, embryo quality, and fertility potential. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of estradiol (E2) and sesame oil on oocyte and embryo quality between young and old mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty old and young female mice were divided in to two groups (30 mice/group, grouped by age). Each group was divided into three subgroups of mice treated with sesame oil, E2 + sesame oil, and normal saline as control group. After ovulation induction, some oocytes were considered for in vitro fertilization and the rest were assessed for morphological status. After obtaining the two-cell embryos, the embryos were collected to determine the expression of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoprotein 3, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin genes and some of them followed until the blastocysts stage to evaluate the viability. RESULTS: The findings showed that the mean ZP and perivitelline space thickness increased in the old mice that received the E2 + sesame oil treatment. The number of 2-cell embryos, blastocysts, and live cells were significantly higher in the old group treated with sesame oil respectively (p = 0.018, 0.002, and < 0.0001, respectively). The normal ZP shape and refractile body numbers increased in the old mice that were treated with sesame oil, respectively. The E-cadherin gene was downregulated in the treatment groups compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Sesame oil showed a better response in the old mice, because aging is associated with an increased rate of reactive oxygen species, causing deficiencies in both oocyte and embryo qualities.
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An appropriate preparation technique, should be capable of isolating highquality spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The aim was to assess sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity, embryo development, and clinical outcomes using a practical and accessible Microfluidic Sperm Sorting (MSS) technique. A total of 95 ICSI cases performed using sperm samples were prepared with our MSS (group 1) or by Direct Swim Up (DSU; control) method (group 2). Both sperm quality parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) were compared between the groups. DNA fragmentation was assessed using Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test and fine morphology was assessed using Motile Sperm Organelle Morphology Examination (MSOME). Embryo development and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. In the MSS group, progressive motility and the fraction of Class I sperm morphology sperm were significantly higher compared to DSU group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the rates of DNA fragmentation and immotile spermatozoa were significantly lower in MSS when compared to DSU group (P < 0.001). Also, higher rates of high-quality embryo formation (P < 0.001), implantation (P = 0.04) and pregnancy (P = 0.05) were achieved in the MSS compared to DSU groups. The MSS technique proved to be a noninvasive, disposable, easy to use, and inexpensive method for separation of high-quality spermatozoa. Both laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes were improved with application of MSS for neat sperm collection in ICSI.AbbreviationsICSI: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; MSS: Microfluidic Sperm Sorting; Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF); SCD: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion; MSOME: Motile Sperm Organelle Morphology Examination; DGC: Density Gradient Centrifugation; DSU: Direct Swim Up; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; ART: Assisted Reproducetive Technology.
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Microfluídica , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Cromatina , Fragmentação do DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Gravidez , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of in vitro embryo splitting (IES) procedures. We also assessed the quality of the blastocysts developed from embryos obtained from different sources. Materials and methods: Good quality embryos at 68-cell stages were categorized according to their fertilization sources: 1) frozenwarmed donated embryos, 2) chromosomally abnormal embryos, 3) parthenogenetic embryos, and 4) embryos derived from fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes (rescue IVM). After IES, splitting and developmental efficiency was assessed. Furthermre, the quality of the developed blastocysts was evaluated by Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: The data showed a high rate of both splitting and developmental efficiency in the frozen-warmed embryos after IES (140% and 71.7%, respectively), followed by chromosomally abnormal embryos (96.8% and 52.5%, respectively). Results of the Hoechst and PI staining showed that the mean ± SD cell numbers of the control group were higher (113.11 ± 16.01) than that of twins A (donor blastomeres embryos, 58 ± 12.2) and B (recipient blastomeres embryos, 50.4 ± 8.5), respectively. Conclusion: Chromosomally normal embryos enrolled in IES are more potent to develop into viable blastocysts. For research purposes, 1PN and 3PN embryos are the best options for splitting procedures, regardless of the poor quality of developed blastocysts.
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Evaluation of sperm integrity may predict the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the sperm DNA fragmentation (sDNAf) with embryo morphology and morphokinetic using time-laps monitoring (TLM) and to select the best time points for normalisation in IVF setting. After evaluating the fertilisation and pronuclei (Z) scoring, 328 normally fertilised oocytes were assessed to time of pronuclei fading, time of 2 to 8 discrete cells (t2-t8) and abnormal cleavage patterns, such as multinucleation, direct cleavage, reverse cleavage and fragmentation. Sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay was used for assessment of prepared sperm chromatin status. SCD was categorised into 4 groups of <6.5, 6.5-10.7, 10.7-20.1 and >20.1. The finding showed significant differences in t6 (p = .012), t7 (p = .045), t8 (p = .013) and s1 (p = .001) between 4 SCD groups. When morphokinetic variables were normalised to tPNf, this difference was observed in t2 (p = .003) and t6 (p = .017). Subsequently, the percentage of top quality embryos and Z1 scoring were dependent to the sDNAf rate. In conclusion, tPNf was the best reference time point in IVF cycles. Also, we found high sDNAf rate had no negative impact on embryo morphology and morphokinetics in conventional IVF.