Salmonella spp. in Aquaculture: An Exploratory Analysis (Integrative Review) of Microbiological Diagnoses between 2000 and 2020.

The present study aimed to characterize, through descriptive statistics, data from scientific articles selected in a systematic integrative review that performed a microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture. Data were obtained from research articles published in the BVS, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2020 on samples of aquaculture animal production (fish, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, and other crustaceans) and environmental samples of aquaculture activity (farming water, soil, and sediments). After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 articles were selected. Data such as country of origin, categories of fish investigated, methods of microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp., sample units analyzed and most reported serovars were mined. A textual analysis of the word cloud and by similarity and descending hierarchical classification with the application of Reinert's algorithm was performed using R® and Iramuteq® software. The results showed that a higher percentage of the selected articles came from Asian countries (38.75%). Fish was the most sampled category, and the units of analysis of the culture water, muscle and intestine were more positive. The culture isolation method is the most widespread, supported by more accurate techniques such as PCR. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars reported were S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden and S. Newport. The textual analysis showed a strong association of the terms "Salmonella", "fish" and "water", and the highest hierarchical class grouped 25.4% of the associated text segments, such as "aquaculture", "food" and "public health". The information produced characterizes the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the aquaculture sector, providing an overview of recent years. Future research focusing on strategies for the control and prevention of Salmonella spp. in fish production are necessary and should be encouraged.

Hemofilias e doenças de von Willembrand: aspectos clínicos e marcadores de infecçöes transfusionais / Von Willlebrand's disease and hemophilias: clinical aspects and bloodmarkers of transfusional infections

Estudamos retrospectivamente 48 casos de coagulopatias hereditárias, clientes do ambulatório da Faculdade de Medicina de Sao José do Rio Preto, provenientes da cidade e regiao. Encontramos predominância da deficiência de fator VIII e raros casos diagnosticados como doença de von Willebrand. História familiar está presente numa minoria dos casos. A média das idades foi de 17,9 anos e a do aparecimento das primeiras manifestaçoes hemorrágicas, de 2,3. Hematomas foram a manifestaçao mais frequente. A contaminaçao com Hepatites C, B, HIV e Chagas foi de 56 por cento dos casos, sendo que acima de 50 por cento dos pacientes estao presumivelmente em atividade sexual, colocando seus parceiros sob risco. Sequelas ortopédicas estao presentes em 41,67 por cento dos casos. Como causa de morte, a maioria foi devida a hemorragias maciças, sendo que os cuidados hemoterápicos foram considerados insuficientes. Anemia ferropriva está presente em 20 por cento dos casos, exigindo pronto diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia. Um terço dos casos sao crianças abaixo de 10 anos de idade, sem ou com poucas sequelas e soronegativos, exigindo cuidados especiais. Evitar as manifestaçoes presentes nos mais idosos e melhorar a qualidade de vida atrvés do aporte de quantidade adequada de fatores e pessoal treinado para usá-lo corretamente, através de equipe multidisciplinar, é nosso objetivo imediato.