The effect of kinesiotaping on edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Treatment for edema involves multiple approaches, with Kinesiotaping having recently emerged as an option for edema reduction. OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize current evidence on the effects of Kinesiotaping on edema reduction on any type of edema. METHODS: A systematic review was performed including randomized clinical trials that compared the effects of Kinesiotaping to any other intervention or no intervention on edema. Screening, assessment of methodological quality (PEDro scale) of studies, and confidence of evidence (GRADE) were analyzed by two independent reviewers. A quantitative summary is presented through meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 3750 studies were identified, of which 70 were included in this review, and were organized by body region (face, upper limbs and lower limbs) and by treatment time (short and long term). It was observed that Kinesiotaping was superior to comparison groups in the short-term for face edema (Standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.07; 95%CI -1.48 to -0.65) and lower limbs (SMD -0.55; 95%CI -1.06 to -0.05). Also, Kinesiotaping was superior to comparison group in the long-term for lower limbs (SMD -0.72; 95%CI -1.25 to -0.18). Kinesiotaping was not superior to the comparison groups for upper limbs in both the short (SMD -0.05; 95%CI -0.89 to 0.80) and long-term (SMD -0.04; 95%CI -0.31 to 0.24) protocols. CONCLUSION: Kinesiotaping seems to be an effective intervention to reduce acute edema around the face and potentially in the lower limbs in both short and long-term protocols, although the quality of evidence is very low. However, these positive results were not observed for the upper limbs.

Skin temperature of women: A prospective longitudinal study.

INTRODUCTION: The different phases of a woman's life, such as the reproductive phase and menopause, are points of great hormonal oscillation, especially estrogen and progesterone, which can interfere with skin temperature. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare skin temperatures of women during their physiological menstrual cycle, the use of exogenous hormones and menopause over a period of 28 days. METHOD: This is a prospective observational study using a quantitative approach. A total of 45 volunteers participated and were equally allocated into three groups: Exogenous Hormone Group (EHG), Physiological Menstrual Cycle Group (PMCG) and Menopause Group (MG). All were submitted once a week to body composition measurements over a period of 28 days using an InBody 120 bioimpedance scale, and skin temperature using a FLIR model T-360 thermographic camera. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the mean skin temperature of women with a physiological cycle using exogenous hormones and menopause in relation to the evaluation time or between groups. However, younger women had higher temperatures in specific skin regions, such as in the breast, lower abdomen and thigh (P < 0.05) compared to menopausal women. In addition, negative correlations were observed between body fat and skin temperature of the breasts, trunk, abdomen, upper limbs and right lower limb (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was observed that the general skin temperature of women is not altered due to exogenous hormones, menstrual cycle phase or menopause, and that skin temperature tends to be lower in regions with an accumulation of adipose tissue.

Therapeutic Ultrasound Alone and Associated with Lymphatic Drainage in Women with Breast Engorgement: A Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Breast engorgement (BE) is a problem that affects many women, especially in the first days of breastfeeding, producing inflammatory symptoms. Nonpharmacological therapies are inexpensive, safe, and can produce symptom relief. Objective: This study aims to analyze the safety of therapeutic ultrasound regarding possible risks of overheating and the effects of its use alone and associated with lymphatic drainage (LD) in women. Material and Methods: Effectiveness is measured through thermography, visual analog scale, and six-point scale of BE. This is a nonrandomized clinical trial with a sample of 34 in the ultrasound group (G1), 28 in the ultrasound and LD group (G2), and 37 in the control group (G3). Results: The mean reduction for engorgement was 1.3 ± 0.8 to G1, 1.4 ± 1.0 to G2, and 1.2 ± 0.9 to G3 according to the six-point scale. The mean reduction for pain level was 3.6 ± 2.1 to G1, 4.0 ± 3.1 to G2, and 4.0 ± 2.2 to G3 according to the visual analogue scale. Conclusion: It was observed that all therapies were effective in reducing the level of engorgement, according to the six-point scale. However, combined ultrasound and LD therapy has been shown to be more effective in reducing the level of pain. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-6btb6zz).

Multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cardinal motor symptoms in addition to cognitive impairment. New insights concerning multisite non-invasive brain stimulation effects have been gained, which can now be used to develop innovative treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: Map the researchs involving multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in PD, synthesize the available evidence and discuss future directions. METHODS: The databases PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception until April 2020, without restrictions on the date of publication or the language in which it was published. The reviewers worked in pairs and sequentially evaluated the titles, abstracts and then the full text of all publications identified as potentially relevant. RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The target brain regions included mainly the combination of a motor and a frontal area, such as stimulation of the primary motor córtex associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Most of the trials showed that this modality was only more effective for the motor component, or for the cognitive and/or non-motor, separately. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the results being encouraging for the use of the multisite aproach, the indication for PD management should be carried out with caution and deserves scientific deepening.

Skin temperature of middle distance runners after a maximum effort test

The purposeof this study was to analyze skin temperature(Tsk)responses after a short-term maximum effort test in middle-distance runners.Aquasi-experimental study was conducted with ten men (age 23.5±5.10 years)who trained 5 days per week, 2 to 3 hours per day,and were submitted to thermographic evaluationbefore and after Cooper's 12-minute run test (CRT). The mean temperature of the anterior-superior,posterior-superior,anterior-inferior,and posterior-inferiorregionswas compared between the sides(i.e., left and right)before and after CRT.The paired t-testshowed asignificantdecrease in Tskafter CRT in thefollowingregions:right pectoralis major (-3.4%), left pectoralis major (-3.4%),and abdomen (-5%) in the anterior-superior view (p<0.01); and in the upper right trunk (-1.9%),upper lefttrunk(-1.9%) and lower back (-2.9%) in the posterior-superior view (p<0.05). In the lower limbs,asignificantincreaseintemperature of the left knee (1.6%),and right (3.6%) and left ankles (2.9%) in the anteriorview (p<0.05),as well as in theright (4.3%) and left ankles (3.7%) in the posteriorview (p<0.05)wereobserved. There was no difference in temperature between the right and left sides. In conclusion, the Tskchange of middle-distance runners wassymmetricalbetween sides,decreasing in upper limbs and trunk and increasing in lower limbs after a short-term maximum effort test.

Efeitos da fisioterapia na força, atividade mioelétrica e dor, em lombálgicos crônicos / Effects of physical therapy in strength, myoelectric activity and pain, in chronic low back pain

Introdução: A dor lombar promove hipotrofia, alterações do controle motor e instabilidade lombar, necessitando de adequado tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do tratamento fisioterapêutico na força de extensão do tronco, na atividade elétrica dos músculos transverso abdominal (TrA) e multífido lombar (ML) e na dor em lombálgicos crônicos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 19 voluntários pré e póstratamento fisioterapêutico quanto a força de extensão do tronco, atividade mioelétrica (TrA e ML), e dor. Resultados: Não houve alteração na força de extensão do tronco (p=0,064); a atividade eletromiográfica apresentou diferença no ML, dos lados direito (p<0,01) e esquerdo (p<0,05) durante o repouso na comparação pré e pós, e no TrA (p<0,05) no repouso, pré tratamento; a dor apresentou diminuição significativa pós-tratamento (p<0,001). Conclusão: O tratamento fisioterapêutico aplicado não alterou a força e teve pouco efeito na atividade mioelétrica do ML e TrA, no entanto, reduziu drasticamente o quadro álgico.

Introduction: Low back pain leads to hypotrophy, changes in motor control and lumbar instability, requiring appropriate treatment. Objective: To analyze the effect of physiotherapy on the strength of upper body extension, electric activity of the TrA and ML muscles and pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Nineteen volunteers were pre and post physical therapy evaluated in the upper body extension strength, electric activity (TrA and ML) and pain.Results: There was no change in upper body extension strength (p=0.064); the was difference in ML electromyographic activity, on the right side (p<0.01) and left (p<0.05) at rest in pre and post comparison and in TrA (p<0,05) at rest pre treatment; pain post treatment showed significant reduction (p<0,001). Conclusion: The physical therapy treatment applied did not change the strength and had little effect on myoeletric activity of the ML and TrA, however, drastically reduced the painful condition.

The influence of the external ankle support on the dynamic balance in volleyball athletes / A influência do suporte externo de tornozelo na dinâmica do equilíbrio em atletas de voleibol / A influencia do suporte externo de tobillo na dinámica do equilibrio en atletas de voleibol

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ankle external supports on proprioception and dynamic balance in volleyball players. Seventeen female volleyball players (18.94±2.49 years; 65.45±9.49 kg; 1.71±0.05 m; BMI=22.0±2.67 kg/m²) took part in this study. The dynamic balance was assessed through the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Comparisons between stabilization (no stabilizer/NS, orthosis/ORT and functional bandaging/FB) modes and the SEBT grid lines and inter-limb were carried out. The SEBT assessment showed a significant difference between the groups NS x ORT and NS x FB (p < .01), and between the lines (p< .01). Significant line/limb interaction in DL and NDL (p< .01) was detected. The external supports tested herein showed similar effects on balance, restricting lower limb's reach in the SEBT execution in some of tested directions.

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de suportes externos de tornozelo na propriocepção e equilíbrio dinâmico em atletas de voleibol. Dezessete atletas de voleibol (18,94±2,49 anos; 65,45±9,49 kg; 1,71±0,05 m; IMC=22,0±2,67 kg/m²) foram analisadas. O equilíbrio dinâmico foi avaliado por meio do Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT). Comparações foram realizadas entre os modos de estabilização (Sem Estabilizador/SE, Órtese/ORT e Bandagem Funcional/BF) e as linhas da grade do SEBT e comparação inter-membros. A avaliação do SEBT mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,01), SE x ORT e SE x BF e entre as linhas (p< 0,01), além de interação linha/membro, no MD e MND (p < 0,01). Os suportes externos testados (ORT e BF) se comportaram de forma semelhante, restringindo o alcance do membro inferior na execução do SEBT em algumas das direções testadas.

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los apoyos externos de tobillo en la propiocepción y el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de voleibol. Diecisiete jugadores de voleibol (18,94±2,49 años; 65,45±9,49 kg, 1,71±0,05 m, IMC=22,0±2,67 kg/m²). El equilibrio dinámico fue evaluado por el Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT). Comparación de los modos de estabilización (Si Estabilizador/SE, Ortesis/ORT y Vendaje Funcional/VF) y las líneas de cuadrícula SEBT, y inter-miembros se fuera realizado. Evaluación del SEBT mostró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos (p< 0,01), SE x ORT, SE x BF y entre líneas (p < 0,01), además de la interacción línea/miembro en el MD y MND (p < 0,01). Los medios de estabilización externa probados (ORT x BF) se comportaron de manera similar, lo que restringe el alcance de las extremidades inferiores en la ejecución del SEBT en algunas de las direcciones probadas.

Alterações termográficas na lombalgia crônica sob tratamento fisioterapêutico: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado / Thermographic changes in chronic low back pain under physiotherapeutic treatment: controlled and randomized clinical trial

Objetivo: Analisar as alterações termográficas em pacientes com lombalgia crônica sob diferentes intervenções fisioterapêuticas. Método: Selecionaram-se 33 indivíduos com lombalgia crônica que foram aleatorizados em quatro grupos: terapia manual (gTM; n=10); estabilização segmentar lombar (gESL; n=7); terapia combinada ­ TM + ESL (gTC; n=7); e orientações posturais/controle (gOP; n=9). Todos realizaram dez sessões fisioterapêuticas e avaliados, pré- e pós-tratamento, quanto à temperatura cutânea (termografia infravermelha) e dor (Escala Visual Analógica ­ EVA) na região lombar. Utilizou-se Anova (4x3x2) para comparar quatro grupos, três áreas (ALE, AC e ALD) e duas avaliações (pré- e pós- tratamento), para temperatura cutânea; e Anova (4x2) entre os quatro grupos, pré- e pós-tratamento, para a EVA, considerando α≤5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa na temperatura da região lombar, comparando-se pré- e pós-tratamento; contudo, a EVA mostrou redução significativa para os grupos (P≤0,01). Conclusão: Apesar dos tratamentos não terem minimizado a temperatura na região lombar, diminuíram, drasticamente, o nível de dor nos grupos.

Objective: To analyze the thermographic changes in patients with chronic low back pain under different physical therapy interventions. Method: Thirty three chronic low back pain individuals were randomized into four groups: manual therapy (MTg; n=10), lumbar stabilization (LSg; n=7); combined therapy ­ MT + LS (CTg; n=7) and postural orientation/control (PGg; n=9). All individuals underwent ten physiotherapy sessions and evaluated pre- and post-treatment as skin temperature (infrared thermography), and pain in the lower back (Visual Analogue Scale ­ VAS). Anova (4x3x2) comparing four groups, three areas (LLA, CA and RLA) and two evaluations (pre- and post-treatment) for skin temperature; and Anova (4x2) between the four groups, pre- and post-treatment, were used for VAS, considering α ≤5%. Results: There was no significant difference in lower back temperature, comparing pre- and post-treatment; however, the VAS showed a significant reduction for all groups (P≤0.01). Conclusion: Although the treatments have not minimized the temperature in the lumbar region, they were able to decrease dramatically the level of pain, in all groups.

Reliability of the intra and inter-test measures with universal goniometer and podalic arthrometer of the active range of ankle inversion and eversion / Fiabilidad de las medidas inter y intra-ensayo con goniómetro universal y artrómetro podálico de la amplitud activa de inversión y eversión del tobillo / Fidedignidade das medidas inter e intratestes com goniômetro universal e artrômetro podálico da amplitude ativa de eversão e inversão do tornozelo

The objective this study was to evaluate intra and inter-rater and inter-instruments reliability of ankle inversion and eversion active range of motion. The study included 100 healthy individuals (71 women and 29 men; ages: 21.32±2.83 years old; body mass: 60.40±4.95 kg; height: 1.66±0.04 m; and body mass index: 21.89±2.83 kg/m2), who were submitted to measurement of ankle inversion and eversion using the universal goniometer and podalic arthrometer. We used the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's test, considering a 5% significance level. The results of this study demonstrated one very strong intra-rater ICC (0.91≥0.99; p<0.01) and a strong inter-rater (0.61≥0.9; p<0.01) in both the first and second measurements, especially when measured with the podalic arthrometer (ICC>0.8; universal goniometer: ICC<0.8). The inter-instruments correlation was proved as being regular and significant (0.31≥r≤0.6; p<0.01) for all evaluators and evaluations. Both tested instruments can be used in physical therapy practice for measurements of ankle inversion and eversion due to the high reliability presented, regardless of the evaluator's previous experience, especially the podalic arthrometer when compared to the universal goniometer, which is probably due to the lower influence that the appraiser has on the instrument during measurements.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la fiabilidad de las medidas intra e inter-evaluadores e inter-instrumentos de la amplitud del movimiento activa de eversión e inversión del tobillo. Participaron de este estudio 100 sujetos sanos (71 mujeres y 29 hombres; edad: 21,32±2,83 años; masa corporal: 60,40±4,95 kg; estatura: 1,66±0,04 m e índice de masa corporal: 21,89±2,83 kg/m2), que fueron sometidos a la medición de inversión y eversión del tobillo con goniómetro universal y artrómetro podálico. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y la prueba de Pearson, teniendo en cuenta un nivel de significancia del 5%. Los resultados del estudio demostraron un CCI intra-evaluador muy fuerte (0,91≥0,99; p<0,01) y del inter-evaluador fuerte (0,61≥0,9; p<0,01), en la primera y en la segunda medición, especialmente cuando medidas con el artrómetro podálico (CCI>0,8; goniómetro universal: CCI<0,8). La correlación inter-instrumentos se mostró regular y significante (0,31≥r≤0,6; p≤0,01) para todos los evaluadores y evaluaciones. Los dos instrumentos probados pueden ser utilizados en las medidas de inversión y eversión del tobillo por su alta fiabilidad presentada, independientemente de la experiencia del evaluador. Sin embargo, las medidas del artrómetro podálico mostraron una mayor fiabilidad en comparación al goniómetro universal probablemente por la menor influencia que el evaluador ejerce sobre el instrumento durante la medición.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade das medidas intra- e interavaliadores e interinstrumentos da amplitude de movimento ativa de eversão e inversão do tornozelo. Participaram deste estudo 100 indivíduos saudáveis (71 mulheres e 29 homens; idade: 21,32±2,83 anos; massa corporal: 60,40±4,95 kg; estatura: 1,66±0,04 m; e índice de massa corporal de 21,89±2,83 kg/m2), os quais foram submetidos à mensuração de inversão e eversão do tornozelo com goniômetro universal e artrômetro podálico. Foram utilizados o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e o teste de Pearson, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram um CCI intra-avaliador muito forte (0,91≥0,99; p<0,01) e interavaliador forte (0,61≥0,9; p<0,01), tanto na primeira quanto na segunda medida, especialmente quando mensuradas com o artrômetro podálico (CCI>0,8; goniômetro universal: CCI<0,8). A correlação interinstrumentos mostrou-se regular e significante (0,31≥r≤0,6; p<0,01) para todos os avaliadores e avaliações. Ambos os instrumentos testados podem ser utilizados na prática fisioterapêutica para as medidas de inversão e eversão do tornozelo pela alta confiabilidade apresentada, independentemente da experiência do avaliador, especialmente o artrômetro podálico comparado ao goniômetro universal, provavelmente, pela menor influência que o avaliador exerce sobre o instrumento durante a medida.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cryotherapy on pain threshold by induced pressure / Efectos de la estimulación eléctrica nerviosa transcutánea y crioterapia en el umbral de dolor inducida por presión / Efeitos da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea e da crioterapia sobre o limiar de dor induzida por pressão

Studies have shown that cryotherapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and the association of them promotes analgesia, but the effectiveness of this association is unclear. The objective was to evaluate the effects of single and combined application of TENS and cryotherapy on pressure-induced pain threshold in healthy subjects. The sample consisted of 40 subjects, randomly assigned into four groups: (1) cryotherapy group - CG, (2) TENS group - GT; (3) cryotherapy + TENS group - GCT; (4) placebo group - GP. The pain threshold was determined by an algometer before (T1), immediately after (T2) and in the instants 10 (T3), 20 (T4) and 30 (T5) minutes after application of the analgesic techniques. TENS (100 Hz, 40 μs) and cryotherapy (cold compress) were applied for 20 minutes in the GC, GT and GTC, while in the GP was simulated electrical stimulation for the same period of time. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were employed, considering a significance level of 5%. All experimental groups showed an increase in pain threshold when compared to GP: GC (p<0.001), GT (p<0.009) and GCT (p<0.008). In relation to the time of analgesia, there was an increase in pain threshold in T2 for all experimental groups (p <0.001) up T3 to GCT (p <0.001) and only in the GC analgesia lasted up to T5. We concluded that under the conditions studied, the three experimental groups had an increase in pain threshold compared to the GP, but cryotherapy had more prolonged effect.

Estudios tienen demostrado que la crioterapia, la estimulación eléctrica nerviosa transcutánea (TENS) y la asociación de ellas promueven analgesia, pero la efectividad de esa asociación no está clara. Se objetivó evaluar los efectos de la aplicación aislada y asociada de la TENS y de la crioterapia sobre el umbral doloroso inducido por presión en sujetos saludables. La muestra incluyó 40 sujetos aleatoriamente separados en cuatro grupos.: (1) grupo crioterapia - GC; (2) grupo TENS - GT; (3) grupo crioterapia + TENS - GCT; y (4) grupo placebo - GP. El umbral doloroso fue determinado por medio de un algómetro antes (T1), luego después (T2) y en los instantes 10 (T3), 20 (T4) y 30 (T5) minutos después de la aplicación de las técnicas de analgesia. La TENS (100 Hz, 40 μs) y la crioterapia (compresa fría) fueron aplicadas durante 20 minutos en el GC, GT y GCT, mientras que en el GP fue simulada la electroestimulación por el mismo período. Un ANOVA para medidas repetidas y el test post hoc de Bonferroni fueron utilizados en los analices, considerando un 5% de nivel de significancia. Todos los grupos experimentales presentaron aumento en el umbral doloroso al compararlos al GP: GC (p<0,001), GT (p<0,009) y GCT (p<0,008). Con relación al tiempo de analgesia, se observó un aumento del umbral doloroso en T2 para todos los grupos experimentales (p<0,001) hasta T3 para el GCT (p<0,001) y solamente en el GC la analgesia prosiguió hasta T5. Se concluyó que en las condiciones estudiadas, los tres grupos experimentales tuvieron un aumento en el umbral doloroso comparado al GP, pero la crioterapia tuvo un efecto más longo.

Estudos têm demonstrado que a crioterapia, a estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) e a associação destas promovem analgesia, porém a efetividade dessa associação não está clara. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação isolada e associada da TENS e da crioterapia sobre o limiar de dor induzida por pressão em sujeitos saudáveis. A amostra constou de 40 sujeitos, designados aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: (1) grupo crioterapia - GC; (2) grupo TENS - GT; (3) grupo crioterapia + TENS - GCT; e (4) grupo placebo - GP. O limiar doloroso foi determinado por meio de um algômetro antes (T1), imediatamente após (T2) e nos instantes 10 (T3), 20 (T4) e 30 (T5) minutos após a aplicação das técnicas de analgesia. A TENS (100 Hz, 40 μs) e a crioterapia (compressa fria) foram aplicadas durante 20 minutos em GC, GT e GCT, enquanto no GP foi simulada a eletroestimulação pelo mesmo período de tempo. Uma ANOVA para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Bonferroni foram utilizados nas análises, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram aumento no limiar doloroso quando comparados ao GP: GC (p<0,001), GT (p<0,009), e GCT (p<0,008). Em relação ao tempo da analgesia, observou-se aumento do limiar doloroso em T2 para todos os grupos experimentais (p<0,001), até T3 para o GCT (p<0,001) e apenas no GC a analgesia se prolongou até o T5. Concluiu-se que nas condições estudadas, os três grupos experimentais tiveram um aumento no limiar doloroso comparado ao GP, porém a crioterapia teve o efeito mais prolongado.

Static postural balance in healthy individuals: comparisons between three age groups / Equilíbrio postural estático em indivíduos saudáveis: comparações entre três grupos etários / Equilibrio postural estático en individuos sanos: las comparaciones entre los tres grupos de edad

The aim of the study was to compare static postural balance of healthy individuals of three age groups in different conditions of support and vision. Seventy one individuals, divided into 3 groups, were analyzed: young group (YG: 22.2 ± 2.1 years), middle aged group (MAG: 50.7 ± 5.7 years) and older individuals group (EG: 66.8 ± 5.4 years). Their balance was tested on a force platform, under 3 support and 3 visual conditions. Measures included: total (TD), anterior-posterior (APD) and mediolateral displacement (MLD) of the center of pressure (CoP). ANOVA revealed significant differences for interactions between group X support conditions and group X visual conditions for the 3 variables (p<0.01), with greater displacements for the MAG and EG groups during single-leg stance with partial and occluded vision (p<0.05). Static postural balance decreased over time in healthy individuals, and conditions of support and visual negatively affected balance with the increment of age.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o equilíbrio postural estático de indivíduos saudáveis de três faixas etárias em diferentes condições de apoio e de visão. Foram analisados 71 sujeitos, divididos em 3 grupos: jovens (GJ: 22,2±2,1 anos); meia idade (GMI: 50,7±5,7 anos) e idosos (GI: 66,8±5,4 anos). O equilíbrio foi testado numa plataforma de força, em 3 condições de apoio e 3 condições de visão, avaliando-se o deslocamento total (DT), ântero-posterior (DAP) e médio-lateral (DML) do centro de pressão (CP). ANOVA mostrou interação grupo X condições de apoio e grupo X condições visuais, nas 3 variáveis estudadas (p<0,01), com maiores deslocamentos no GMI e GI no apoio unipodal com visão parcial e ausente (p<0,05). O equilíbrio postural estático em indivíduos saudáveis diminuiu ao longo do tempo e que as condições de apoio e de visão podem afetá-lo negativamente com o avançar da idade.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el equilibrio postural estático de individuos sanos de tres grupos de edad em diferentes condiciones de apoyo y visón. Fueran analizados 71 sujetos, divididos en 3 grupos: jóvenes (GJ: 22,2±2,1 años), de mediana edad (GME: 50,7±5,7 años) y ancianos (GA: 66,8±5,4 años). El equilibrio fue probado en una plataforma de fuerza, em 3 condiciones de apoyo y 3 condiciones de visión, evaluando el desplazamiento total (DT), anteroposterior (DAP) y mediolateral (DML) del centro de presión (CP). ANOVA mostró interacción grupo X condiciones de apoyo y grupo X condiciones visuales, en las 3 variables (p<0,01), con grandes desplazamientos en GME y GA en apoyo unipodal con visión parcial y ausente (p<0,05). El equilibrio postural estático disminuyó en individuos sanos con el tiempo y que las condiciones de apoyo y de visión pueden afectarle negativamente con la edad.

Conhecendo os valores na infância:evidências psicométricas de uma medida / Conociendo los valores en la infancia: Evidencias psicometricas de una medida / Knowing the values in childhood: Psychometric evidences of a measure

Este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar o Questionário dos Valores Básicos, versão infantil (QVB-I), reunindo evidências de sua adequação psicométrica (validade fatorial e consistência interna). Tomou-se como referência a teoria funcionalista dos valores humanos, identificando suas subfunções valorativas com três valores específicos cada uma. Os participantes foram 202 estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas de João Pessoa (PB), com idade média de 11,7 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (54,5%) e católica (51%). Estes responderam o QVB-I e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados deram suporte para as seis subfunções (hipótese de conteúdo), organizadas em um espaço bidimensional com três tipos de orientação (pessoal, central e social) e dois tipos de motivadores (materialista e idealista) (hipótese de estrutura). Múltiplos indicadores de consistência interna endossaram evidências deste parâmetro do QVB-I. Concluiu-se que este é um instrumento psicometricamente adequado, que poderá ser usado em pesquisas futuras para estudar os valores infantis.

The aim of this study was to adapt the children version of the Basic Value Survey (BVS-C), providing evidences of its psychometric properties (factorial validity and internal consistency). The functional theory of values was taken into account, identifying six value subfunctions with three specific values each. Participants were 202 students of public and private schools from João Pessoa (PB, Brazil), with mean age of 11.7 years, most of them female (54.5%) and catholic (51%). They answered the BVS-C and demographic questions. Results supported the six subfunctions of values (content hypothesis), organized in a bidimensional space with three types of goal orientation (personal, central, and social), and two types of need motivator (materialist and idealist) (structure hypothesis). Multiple indicators of internal consistency provided evidences for the psychometric properties of the BVS-C. In conclusion, this is a psychometrically adequate instrument, which could be used in future research to study childhood values.

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el Cuestionario de los Valores Básicos, versión para infantes (CVB-I), reuniendo evidencias de sus propiedades psicométricas (validez factorial y fiabilidad). Se há tenido en cuenta la teoría funcionalista de los valores humanos, identificando sus subfunciones valorativas con tres valores específicos cada una. Participaron 202 estudiantes de escuelas públicas y privadas de Joao Pessoa (PB), con promedio de edad de 11.7 años, la mayoría mujeres (54.5%) y católicas (51%). Todos contestaron el CVB-I y preguntas demográficas. Los resultados apoyaron las seis subfunciones (hipótesis de contenido), organizadas en un espacio bidimensional con tres tipos de orientación (personal, central y social) y dos tipos de motivador (materialista e idealista) (hipótesis de estructura). Múltiples indicadores de fiabilidad apoyaron esta caracteristica psicométrica del CVB-I. Se ha concluído que este es un instrumento psicométricamente adecuado, que puede ser utilizado en investigaciones futuras para estudiar los valores infantiles.