[Traditional nutrition and demography in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia].

High requirements for macro- and micronutrients of the organism of a pregnant woman living in the Far North are associated with the influence of extreme factors of high latitudes, and the needs of the mother and the growing fetus. Only the products of the unique food culture of the Arctic people - the Nenets, make it possible to meet the emerging needs. The aim of the work was to study the impact of traditional nutrition on the reproductive health of Nenets women living in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia. Material and methods. 619 indigenous inhabitants (Nenets) of the Yamal, Nadym and Taz districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug at the age of 18-65 years were examined. The influence of the type of nutrition (traditional or imported products) on reproductive health indicators (the number of pregnancies, the number of children, the number of spontaneous abortions, frequency of gestosis, threats of termination of pregnancy, operative deliveries) for the period 2013-2018 was studied by analyzing official statistics and by questioning of the female population in own research. Results. The consumption of traditional products (venison, local fishery products, at least 3 times a week) by Nenets women was more often accompanied by a normal physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth (75.2 versus 64.2%, χ2=8.7; p=0.003). It led to a 1.5-fold decrease in the frequency of complications during pregnancy (gestosis, the threat of abortion) (χ2=5.8; p=0.01) and a 20% decrease in the frequency of delivery by cesarean section (χ2=16.6; p<0.001). As a result, a family whose diet was dominated by traditional products had a statistically significantly larger number of children (per child). Conclusion. The preservation of the consumption of reindeer and river fishery products by indigenous women will contribute to the sufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, that will make it possible to gestate and give birth to a healthier generation of the Nenets society.

[Autoantibodies to thyroid antigens levels in the population of the Russian Arctic at different levels of blood dopamine.]

Neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of the thyroid gland involves the use of autoantibodies as regulatory molecules to stimulate or reduce the activity of the tissues of the organ itself. A huge number of regulatory signal molecules and factors, acting directly or indirectly, often plays a much more significant role, both in ensuring normal activity and in pathological processes. In this regard, it was interesting for us to determine the possible effect of dopamine at its various concentrations in the blood on the levels of thyroglobulin and antibodies to thyroid antigens. A survey of 110 men and 206 women aged 22 to 75 years who were born and lived in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and had no diseases of the endocrine and immune system was conducted. Dopamine concentrations were determined in blood plasma, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (at-TPO) and thyroglobulin (at-TG) in serum. Higher concentrations of thyrotropin and thyroglobulin and lower concentrations of at-TG and at-TPO were shown with increasing dopamine levels from undetectable values to normative and excess levels. We explain this by the influence of dopamine on a-adrenoreceptors of antibody-producing cells and changes in the secretion of immunoglobulins class G, subclasses of which include at-TG and at-TPO. The appearance of different from zero values of autoantibodies concentrations in themselves, we associate with the negative impact of the conditions of the North and the prenosological state of the organism. Their higher values in women with low levels of dopamine can be explained by the lack of its immunomodulatory activity.

[Levels of sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and dopamine in postmanopausal women of nomadic and settled aboriginal and local caucasoid populations of the arctic territories.]

Positive changes in the society led to an improvement in quality and lifetime; as a result the menopause in women lengthens much longer, in light of this the relevance of studying hormonal changes increases, especially among the representatives of different groups living in the Arctic territories. The study was carried out on 138 women who included nomadic and settled aboriginal and local Caucasoid postmenopausal populations, permanently residing in the Arctic territories of Russia. The greatest difference in the studied blood indicators was shown between the local Caucasoid and aboriginal population. A greater imbalance in the content of dopamine in Aborigines compared with the European population was combined with a higher levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and with lower concentrations of lutropine, progesterone, total and free testosterone. In the settled aboriginal population compared with nomadic one there were shown the larger proportion of people with low levels of dopamine, lutropine, follitropin and high levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin in the presence of increased number of feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which suggested more pronounced reduction of its activity. The evident imbalance of the dopamine content in the aboriginal population was combined with the absence of connections between dopamine level and the parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Positive correlation between the contents of dopamine and lutropin in the European population suggested the stimulating effect of dopamine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Affected by imbalanced dopamine content the decreased activity of gonadotropic pituitary gland function as well as the peripheral part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system was registered in the aboriginal Arctic population in comparison with the local European one, which was more pronounced in the settled aboriginals.

[THE PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR NORTH].

Aim: To study the frequency of respiratory symptoms among the reindeer herders of the Yamal region in the Far North of Russia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among 500 subjects of the tundra Nenets population (28.1% of the adult Nenets population in the district), of which 38.3% were men and 61.7% women (average age 40.1 years). All patients were matched for age and occupation. Medical examination was carried out by a pulmonologist with the use of the GARD questionnaire (WHO, 2004) and spirometry. Spirometry was performed with a SpiroUSB device (UK) according to a unified standard and the criteria of ATS/ERS 2005. The frequency of respiratory symptoms among the tundra population was estimated at 71.8%. Cough with expectoration and dyspnea were found in 22.8% of the respondents. 70.0% of the examined subjects worked in the cold, 33% were exposed to the open flame at home, and 34.4% smoked. Respiratory symptoms developed in 16.3% of those working in the cold and in 37% exposed to open fire. The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production occurred in smokers twice as frequently as in non-smokers (54.1%) (p<0.01).The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production was twice as likely note in his those who smoked (54.1% vs 20.2%) (p<0.01). The combination of these problems dyspnea was three times more common in the smokers (23,3%vs 7,3%) (p<0.001). At presence at patients of such a factor as work in the cold and the absence of other only 16.3% of them have respiratory symptoms. When using at home the open flame and the absence of other factors leading up 37.0% of the individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Cough, sputum and dyspnea are formed only among 26.3% of the smokers face when smoking is the only risk factor. If the surveyed residents of all three negative factors respiratory symptoms met at 62.1%. Disorders of respiratory function according to spirometry were not observed in none of the study participants. Respiratory symptoms developed in 62.1% of the subjects exposed to all three risk factors. External respiration indices remain normal in all he examine subjects. It is concluded that residents of the Far North frequently suffer respiratory symptoms without disorders in the external respiratory function. In most cases they associated with three factors (work in the cold, exposure to open fire at home, and smoking). Compensatory stimulation of lung functions may create additional difficulties for diagnostics of bronchial obstruction.

[The content of dopamine and hormones of system "hypophysis - thyroid" in blood of nomadic, settled and local population of the Arctic.]

The examination was applied to the groups of nomadic, settled aboriginal and local Caucasian population of the Arctic, permanently residing in the North. The study was carried out in the same period of the year - the period of increasing of duration of daylight hours. The study covered 253 individuals aged from 21 to 50 years. Despite differences in life-style of nomadic and settled aborigines, the similar signs were established consisting in the higher functional activity of hypophyseal section of the "hypophysis - thyroid" system against the background of lower content of auto-antibodies to thyroid peroxidase under increasing of the level of dopamine in blood as compared with local Caucasian population of the Arctic. The variation of analyzed parameters in aboriginal population depending on life-style also is demonstrated. So, nomadic aboriginal population is characterized by higher content in blood of global and free fractions of triiodothyronine, lower index of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines, increasing of level of dopamine and adenosine mono-phosphate. In case of settled aboriginal population increasing of content of global and free thyroxine is typical. In case of nomadic aborigines an expressed dissonance in content of iodothyronines is established: shifting of limits of variations of global and free triiodothyronine aside of higher bounds of standard at shifting of limits of variations of free fractions of thyroxine aside lower bounds of standard. The positive correlation relationships are registered between content of dopamine, thyroid hormones and adenosine mono-phosphate are registered. They are more expressed nomadic aboriginal population.

[Radioisotope study of portal blood flow in extrahepatic portal hypertension in children]. / Radioizotopnoe issledovanie portal'nogo krovotoka pri podpechenochnoi portal'noi gipertenzii u detei.

The volume of portal blood that goes through the liver in portal hypertension is unknown up today. The level of portal perfusion after distal splenorenal bypass creation is not known either. Radioisotope splenography and mesenteriocoportography have been used to measure this level. It was found that in half of children with EPH more that 50% of the splenic blood and 100% of the blood from the superior mesenteric vein passes through the liver. The creation of the distal splenorenal bypass provided the perfusion at the level between 32 and 100% from the starting point. 100% of portal blood will pass to lungs through the bypass after traditional bypass operations.

[Roentgenologic endovascular occlusion of the spleen in the treatment of hereditary spherocytic hemolytic anemia in children]. / Rentgenoéndovaskuliarnaia okkliuziia selezenki v lechenii nasledstvennoi sferotsitarnoi gemoliticheskoi anemii u detei.

Roentgenoendovascular occlusion of the spleen has been suggested for the treatment of children with hereditary spherocytic hemolytic anemia as an alternative to splenectomy. The operation was conducted in 8 children aged from 1 to 11 years. Selective decontamination of the intestine was used for prevention of inflammatory complications. Occlusion of 60% of the splenic parenchyma results in a stable clinico-hematological effect and can be performed as a single stage. Young children could be operated on by this method.

[Potentialities of gamma-scintigraphy in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in children]. / Vozmozhnosti gammastsintigrafii v diagnostike divertikula Mekkelia u detei.

Altogether 84 children aged 1 to 15 were examined. The index of 99mTc-pertechnetate relative accumulation in the ectopic gastric mucosa was proposed to be used to objectify and improve the quality of diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. The index over 42% was shown to be typical of Meckel's diverticulum and it can be used for automated diagnosis of the disease. The use of the above quantitative index made it possible to reject 20% of false positive results obtained at visual interpretation of scintigrams.

[Radionuclide diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the long tubular bones in children]. / Radionuklidnaia diagnostika ostrogo gematogennogo osteomielita dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei u detei.

Computerized osteoscintigrams of 54 children with osseous diseases (osteomyelitis, osseous tumors and arthritis) were analysed. 99mTc-pyrophosphate elevated accumulation in inflammatory processes was observed not only in the pathological zone but also in the epiphyses of the affected limb. The accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical agent calculated in several zones of the affected and healthy limbs provides for significant differential diagnosis of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis. In case of bone symmetric involvement by an inflammatory process and in osteomyelitis of the flat bones and the vertebral column the potentialities of the method are limited.

[Radiorenoangiography in the study of renal blood circulation in children]. / Radiorenoangiofrafiia v izuchenii krovoobrashcheniia pochek u detei.

The renal blood circulation was studied in 17 children aged 3 to 14 using a method of adaptive simulation of the organ blood flow. The main condition for radiorenoangiography is to place correctly a gamma-chamber of the heart, lungs and kidneys in the field of vision of the crystal. It is a requisite condition for the calculation of absolute and relative renal perfusion depending on the cardiac ejection. If a patient's body size does not make it possible to have the heart and kidneys in the field of vision of the collimator at a time, one can choose the spleen as the "model" organ. The analysis of angiographic results has shown that the share of the cardiac ejection which is responsible for the renal circulation and organ function respectively, is quite a stable value that is not associated with a patient's age and body mass. Irrespective of the state of the central hemodynamics and a patient's age, the most objective information on renal perfusion proceeds from an analysis of relative indices (or perfusion indices) that are calculated on the basis of the cardiac ejection expressed in percentage (or another model organ).

[Modelling of organ blood flow in computer gamma scintigraphy]. / Modelirovanie organnogo krovotoka pri EVM-gamma-stsintigrafii.

The determination of the relative blood flow in organs is sometimes of greater diagnostic importance than the estimation of respective absolute indices. A detailed analysis of indispensable mathematical calculations is presented. The authors propose an algorithm and optimum sequence of calculations of relative organ perfusion using computer. The paper can be of wide applied importance.