Characterization of KPC-type drug resistance in bacteria / Charakterystyka lekoopornosci bakterii ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem opornosci typu KPC.

One of the main problems of modern medicine is the phenomenon of drug resistance. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is considered to be the most important reason for the emergence of new resistance mechanisms in microorganisms. Carbapenems, which belong to the ß-lactams, are considered the most effective group of antimicrobial agents. Unfortunately, as a result of prolonged exposure to the aforementioned drugs, bacteria have developed several mechanisms for survival. The most important of these is the production of hydrolytic enzymes (carbapenemases), which cleave the ß-lactam ring and inactivate the antibiotics. The mentioned enzymes are encoded by blaKPC genes, which are located in so-called mobile genetic elements (i.e. plasmids and transposons). Such localization is associated with their ease of transfer between different bacterial species in the process of horizontal gene transfer.

Characteristic of extended substrate-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriales isolated from pork meat / Charakterystyka Enterobacteriales produkujacych beta-laktamazy o rozszerzonym spektrum substratowych izolowanych z miesa wieprzowego.

Antibiotic resistance among bacteria is an ever-growing problem in both human and veterinary medicine. Livestock and meat from their slaughter are often sources of drug-resistant bacteria. The ability to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is common among Enterobacteriales, including commensal bacteria. These bacteria represent a largely ignored reservoir of ESBL genes. The aim of this study was to assess the drug susceptibility of non-pathogenic Enterobacteriales isolates obtained from meat used in food production. Among the strains tested, ESBL-type resistance was demonstrated - 13 of 18 (72%) isolates tested were found to be ESBL-producing strains. Of these, eight possessed the CTX-M gene, three the TEM gene and one the SHV gene.

[Detection of urogenital mycoplasmas in clinical samples]. / Wykrywanie mykoplazm urogenitalnych w próbkach klinicznych.

Urogenital mycoplasmas belonging to Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genera, are both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. The gold standard for their detection in clinical samples is culture and identification based on biochemical tests. However, this method is time-consuming and not very specific. Detection of mycoplasmas using PCR allows for assigning not only to the genus, but also to the species. In this study, 100 clinical samples were analyzed to identify M. hominis, M. genitalium, U. parvum and U. urealyticum, using both biochemical and molecular methods. The presented results confirm the low specificity of biochemical tests and the higher detection efficiency of individual species using molecular methods.