The relationship between calcium oxalate lithiasis and chronic proinflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern: a prospective study.

The objective is to establish whether a pattern of intestinal dysbiosis exists in calcium oxalate (CaOx) lithiasis and, if so, to identify its characteristics and explore whether there are differences in the pattern between CaOx dihydrate (COD) and monohydrate (COM) lithiasis. With this aim 24 patients diagnosed with CaOx lithiasis by means of optical microscopy and spectrometry were prospectively recruited. Faecal analysis was carried out by means of RT-PCR 16S rRNA assay and agar plate culture according to the methodology proposed by the Institute of Microecology (Herborn, Germany). The total number of bacteria was depleted due to COD lithiasis (p = 0.036). The mean values of immunoregulating microbiota were normal, but the percentage of normal values was lower in the COD group (30%) than in the COM group (69.2%) (p = 0.062). The total mean values of protective microbiota were normal in both groups. There was a large decrease in the mean values of the muconutritive microbiota Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the most intense decline being observed in the COD group (p = 0.019). Levels of proteolytic microbiota were elevated in both groups, without differences between them. We conclude that patients with CaOx lithiasis have a chronic pro-inflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern characterised by a reduction in the total number of bacteria, a reduction in immunoregulating microbiota and a large reduction in muconutritive microbiota that is significantly more intense in COD lithiasis than in COM lithiasis.

The Spanish linguistic validation of the ureteral stent symptom questionnaire.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ) is an intervention-specific health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL) measure. We describe development and validation of the Spanish version. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We followed established methods to develop the Spanish version of the original USSQ. After pilot testing, we conducted a formal validation study; 70 patients, undergoing placement of ureteral stents, successfully completed the Spanish USSQ as well as the EuroQoL-5D (male and female), the ICIQ male and female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaires at weeks 1 and 4 after stent insertions, and at week 4 after their removal. In addition, 40 healthy people acted as a control group and completed the same questionnaires twice at 3-week intervals. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Spanish USSQ. RESULTS: After revision of the initial two drafts after translation, back translation, and pilot testing, a final draft was developed that underwent field testing. Psychometric analyses revealed satisfactory internal consistencies (Cronbach alpha coefficients: 0.73-0. 85) and test-retest reliability (Spearman correlation coefficient: >0.6) for the domains of urinary symptom, body pain, and general health. It demonstrated satisfactory discriminant validity (sensitivity to change, p<0.01), convergent validity (good correlations between the domains of the USSQ and existing validated questionnaires), and test-retest reliability (p<0.001). Analysis of the domains of the sexual matter (21.4%) and work performance (35.7%) were limited because of the small proportion of the study population for whom it was applicable. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our development and validation study demonstrate that the new Spanish version of the USSQ is a psychometrically valid intervention-specific measurer for use in the second most common language in the world. It is a reliable outcome measure that could be used for both clinical and research purposes.

[Spanish bottled and tap water analysis and their relation with urinary lithiasis]. / Análisis de las aguas embotelladas y de grifo españolas y de las implicaciones de su consumo en la litiasis urinaria.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a chemical analysis of all the available waters in Spain with the idea of offering consume recommendations to lithiasic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information research of the chemical composition of Spanish tap and bottled water in publications, supermarkets and Internet. A descriptive study, and a correlation study between water components by means of Pearson test were performed. RESULTS: Information about composition from tap water of most of the main Spanish cities and 85 bottled water brands was found. A significant correlation between calcium and magnesium concentration (p = 0.0001) and high correlation between bicarbonate and sodium concentration (p = 0.0001, Pearson coefficient 0.958) was found. It is also offered water classifications according to calcium, bicarbonate, sodium and magnesium concentrations. CONCLUSION: A guideline about water election for lithiasic patients is offered according to their geographical origin and dietetic preferences, mainly lactic consume.