Physical Activity Maintain Immune Response Through TLR-2/TLR-4 Gene Expression in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient at Medan City.

Background: The Increasing in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to solve comprehensively and holistically. Patients with T2DM should have self-coping due to lifestyle modification. Abdominal fat accumulation can release pro-inflammatory cytokine that leads TLR-2 and TLR-4 to the response. These two kinds of toll-like receptors exist on the monocyte surface membrane which is an innate immunity cell. Objective: The aims of this study were to get the profile of physical activity, metabolic state, and mononuclear cell response to the expression of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes in T2DM patients. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. Thirty-two eligible patients with inclusion criteria participated as subjects. All subjects answered questions by IPAQ, and checked metabolic state with body composition analysis. The TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression was determined with quantitative Real- Time PCR. Results: This study result found that most T2DM patients were in a highly active category in which most of their activity was walking (light intensity). The average abdominal circumferences were 91.81 ± 15.4 cm, body fat percentage was 29.5 ± 8.8%, and fasting blood sugar was 187.07 ± 67.03 mg/dl. Mononuclear cells number were normal. The expression of the TLR2 gene was lower by 0.71 fold and TLR4 gene expression was lower by 0.9 fold compared with non-DM (p<0.05). By chi-square test, there was a positive correlation between TLR2 gene expression with fasting blood glucose (p=0.011, and a positive correlation between the abdominal circumference and TLR4 gene expression (p=0.011). Conclusion: Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients in primary health care keep walking as their physical activity to maintain blood glucose. Patients need to do moderate to vigorous exercise regularly to reduce body fat percentage especially abdominal fat to reduce Toll-like receptor gene expression, so insulin resistance and blood glucose level might decline to normal.

Anti-Aging Activity of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Fruit Ethanol Extract on Brain Weight and p16INK4a Expression of Hippocampus in Aging Model Rats.

Background: Physiological aging and due to oxidative stress in long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders, can caused aging of hippocampus and senility. Brain weight is known to decrease with age and p16INK4a as aging biomarkers have been investigated. Andaliman is one of typical herbal plants from North Sumatra has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. Objective: This study was evaluated effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit ethanol extract (AEE) on brain weight and p16INK4a expression in aging model rats. Methods: This study was carried out experimentally of 24 male wistar rats. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups; KN= negatif control (normal), KP= positif control (aging model rat), P1 and P2= aging model rat + AEE at dose 150 and 300mg/kgbw, respectively. The aging model rats were D-galactose-induced at dose of 150mg/kgbw for 8 weeks. Brain weigth were recorded by digital scales. p16INK4a expression using immunohistochemical methods. The data analysis with Anova test. Results: This study showed differences brain weight between groups (p=0.523). Brain weight in P1 (1.34±0,06) and P2 (1.30±0.09) tendency increased than KP (1.29±0.62). The p16INK4a expression between groups significant difference (p=0.041), continued with post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed p16INK4a expression in KN significant decreased than KP (p=0.027). Likewise, p16INK4a expression in P2 was significant decreased than KP (p=0.010). Conclusion: Andaliman ethanol extract at a dose 300mg/kgbw for 8 weeks was improved aging process caused D-galactose induced.

Co-Infection of Human Papillomavirus with Mycoplasma Hominis/Ureaplasma Urealyticum Among Female Sex Workers in Medan, Indonesia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases among women aged < 35 years worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the vaginal microenvironment influenced by bacterial infection poses for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Female sex workers (FSWs) are a population susceptible to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as transmitting the virus to others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection among female sex workers. A total of 70 female sex workers of reproductive age were recruited from various location in Medan, Indonesia in 2018. Detection of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection were obtained from PCR assessment. The results of this study showed that no correlation significant between Mycoplasma hominis/Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and HPV infection.

Risk Factors Associated with Premature Hair Greying of Young Adult.

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have been indicated that premature hair greying (PHG) may be associated with the multifactorial problem include genetic, trace elements deficiencies and some medical problems such as metabolic disorders. However, the risk factors for premature hair greying are not well known for young adult. AIM: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hair greying in young adult. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study recruited 100 respondents of a college student at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with the inclusion criteria: male, less than 25 years old with hair greying and not have skin pigmentation disorders. The questionnaires about greying of hair status, family history of greying and history of family disease were collected by self-report. RESULTS: The age of participants in this study was 20.09 ± 2.01 years (mean ± SD). The mean onset of PHG was 15.23 ± 3.52 years (range: 9 - 22 years). The family history of PHG was 39% with paternal in 262%; maternal in 10%% and both parents in 3%. There was a significant difference between several grey hairs with a family history of PHG P = 0.045. The family history with metabolic disorders; hypertension was 29%, obesity was 25%, and diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 15%. Limitations: Owing to the use of questionnaires, the possibility of recall bias exists. The young female was not evaluated in this study. CONCLUSION: The family history of PHG and onset of greying are important risk factors associated with PHG of a young adult.

Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Vinegar's Aqueous Extract Stimulates Insulin Secretion and Exerts Hepatoprotective Effect on STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.

BACKGROUND: An aqueous extract (AE) of vinegar made from Nypa fruticans Wurmb. can improve postprandial glucose levels in normoglycaemic rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate its antihyperglycaemic activity further using in vivo and in vitro approaches. METHODS: AE was administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats twice daily at three doses (1000, 500, and 250 mg/kg b.w.) for 12 days p.o. Several biochemical analyses and a histological study of the pancreas and liver were performed, accompanied by a cell culture assay. RESULTS: As compared to diabetic control (DC), AE at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. caused significant reduction (p < 0.05) of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, with positive improvement of serum insulin levels. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining of the pancreas suggested no ß-cell regeneration, despite significant increase in insulin production. AE-treated groups, however, showed overall restoration of the hepatic histoarchitecture of STZ-induced liver damage, suggesting a possible hepatoprotective effect. The pancreatic effect of AE was further studied through RIN-5F cell culture, which revealed a positive stimulatory effect on insulin release at a basal glucose concentration (1.1 mM). CONCLUSION: Nypa fruticans Wurmb. vinegar's aqueous extract exerts its antihyperglycaemic activity, at least in part, through insulin stimulatory and hepatoprotective effects.