Unusual branch of the saphenous nerve to the sartorius muscle in a female cadaver.

PURPOSE: The saphenous nerve is a predominantly sensory nerve. It is the longest nerve of the body which supplies the skin of the medial side of the leg and foot as far as the ball of the great toe. We present here an unusual motor branch of the saphenous nerve to the sartorius muscle. METHOD: Institutional guidelines for use of human cadaver were followed. Routine dissection of the lower limbs for undergraduate medical teaching was performed in a 67 years old female cadaver employing standard methods. Relevant gross features of the variations were photographed. H&E staining of relevant structure was done and photomicrographed. RESULTS: The unusual motor branch to Sartorius was observed in the right thigh. The branch was given off in the lower third of the thigh after the saphenous nerve exited the adductor canal. The branch was distinctly seen entering the substance of the sartorius. The structure was confirmed to be a peripheral nerve by histological examination. The saphenous nerve then descended between the sartorius and gracilis tendons, pierced the fascia lata and became cutaneous. CONCLUSION: The motor branch to the sartorius muscle is a very rare branch whose knowledge is important for clinicians as it can get damaged during arthroscopy and other knee surgery or during adductor canal block.

Accessory Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle in Humans: A Rare Anatomical Case with Clinical Considerations.

Anatomical variations of the forearm flexor muscles are occasionally encountered. Though usually observed incidentally during autopsies or imaging studies, they may at times cause concern due to associated clinical symptoms. This report presents a case of unilateral accessory flexor carpi ulnaris (AFCU) muscle observed in a human male cadaver aged 78 years. During routine cadaveric dissection, an anomalous AFCU muscle was observed in the left forearm of a human male cadaver aged 78 years. Standard institutional guidelines pertaining to the use of human cadaver for teaching and research were followed. A thorough literature review about the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) through the PubMed, Embase and Google scholar databases was undertaken, using the keywords - accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, aberrant flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and anatomical variation of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Relevant gross anatomical findings were recorded and photographed. AFCU was identified on the medial aspect of the distal third of the left forearm. The AFCU was found originating from the ante-brachial fascia and the fascia covering the FCU on the left forearm, forming a small separate belly deep to the main muscle. It terminated as a thin tendon running alongside the hypothenar muscles and attached distally to the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. The AFCU was found to be innervated by a branch of the ulnar nerve. Awareness about the rare AFCU muscle is clinically important as a possible cause of ulnar nerve compression but also as a possible graft in reconstruction surgeries.

A rare case of multiple visceral vascular variations around the kidneys: morphological and clinical aspects.

Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta is important information for planning any surgeries in the region. We present here a rare constellation of variations of visceral vessels around the kidneys with a brief review of the recent literature. On the right side, an accessory renal artery was observed originating just distal to the main renal artery. The middle suprarenal artery was absent on the right side and there were two inferior suprarenal arteries originating from a branch of the main right renal artery. On the left side, the testicular artery had an arched course anterior to the left renal vein mimicking an unusual variety of nutcracker phenomenon. The right kidney was drained by two renal veins into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the coexistence of such complex anatomical variations might be helpful for clinicians during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

O conhecimento das variações anatômicas dos ramos viscerais da aorta abdominal é uma informação importante para o planejamento de qualquer cirurgia nessa região. Neste relato, apresentamos um raro conjunto de variações de vasos viscerais ao redor dos rins, bem como uma breve revisão da literatura recente. No lado direito, foi observada uma artéria renal acessória originando-se distal à artéria renal principal. Não havia artéria suprarrenal média no lado direito, e havia duas artérias suprarrenais inferiores originando-se de um ramo da artéria renal direita. No lado esquerdo, a artéria testicular apresentava um curso arqueado anterior à veia renal esquerda, simulando uma variedade incomum do fenômeno do quebra-nozes. O rim direito era drenado por duas veias renais para a veia cava inferior. O conhecimento da coexistência de tais variações anatômicas complexas pode ser útil para os clínicos durante os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos.

A rare case of multiple visceral vascular variations around the kidneys: morphological and clinical aspects / Um caso raro de múltiplas variações vasculares viscerais ao redor dos rins: aspectos morfológicos e clínicos

Abstract Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta is important information for planning any surgeries in the region. We present here a rare constellation of variations of visceral vessels around the kidneys with a brief review of the recent literature. On the right side, an accessory renal artery was observed originating just distal to the main renal artery. The middle suprarenal artery was absent on the right side and there were two inferior suprarenal arteries originating from a branch of the main right renal artery. On the left side, the testicular artery had an arched course anterior to the left renal vein mimicking an unusual variety of nutcracker phenomenon. The right kidney was drained by two renal veins into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the coexistence of such complex anatomical variations might be helpful for clinicians during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Resumo O conhecimento das variações anatômicas dos ramos viscerais da aorta abdominal é uma informação importante para o planejamento de qualquer cirurgia nessa região. Neste relato, apresentamos um raro conjunto de variações de vasos viscerais ao redor dos rins, bem como uma breve revisão da literatura recente. No lado direito, foi observada uma artéria renal acessória originando-se distal à artéria renal principal. Não havia artéria suprarrenal média no lado direito, e havia duas artérias suprarrenais inferiores originando-se de um ramo da artéria renal direita. No lado esquerdo, a artéria testicular apresentava um curso arqueado anterior à veia renal esquerda, simulando uma variedade incomum do fenômeno do quebra-nozes. O rim direito era drenado por duas veias renais para a veia cava inferior. O conhecimento da coexistência de tais variações anatômicas complexas pode ser útil para os clínicos durante os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos.