Renal Abnormalities Caused by Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Terminal Patients.

The aim of this study was to analyze the glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with terminal distemper through light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Thirteen animals with a molecular diagnosis of distemper and neurological signs were selected. As a control group, 10 clinically healthy animals with no manifestations or signs of disease and with negative tests for Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., and Babesia sp. were included in this study. Renal tissue was evaluated by light microscopy, topochemistry for DNA/chromatin, and video image analysis to detect the nuclear phenotypes of the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that dogs with distemper exhibited anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and proteinuria. Creatinine in the distemper group was lower compared to the control group (p = 0.0026), but there was no significant difference in relation to urea (p = 0.9876). Although this alteration may be due to the smaller muscle mass observed in animals with distemper, it probably is not of clinical importance. Glomerular and tubular lesions were confirmed by light microscopy in 84.6% of these animals. Additional findings in the animals with distemper included deposition of different classes of immunoglobulins, particularly IgM in 92.3% of the cases, fibrinogen deposition in 69.2% of the cases as assessed by immunofluorescence, alterations in the nuclear phenotypes of the RTEC characterized by condensation of chromatin, loss of DNA and reduction in the nuclear shape, and the presence of subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits. These findings confirm the existence of renal alterations related to terminal distemper.

Aspectos nutricionais e ambientais da obesidade canina / Nutritional and environment aspects of canine obesity

A obesidade é a doença nutricional mais frequente em cães, leva a uma série de alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, como genética, raça, idade, falta de atividade física, composição calórica dos alimentos, tipo e a forma de alimentação, distúrbios hormonais, medicamentos e fatores relacionados com os proprietários. Devido à falta de estudos sobre os aspectos nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade canina, o presente trabalho objetivou obter estas informações por meio de enquetes a proprietários. Foram realizadas 254 entrevistas com proprietários de cães com sobrepeso ou obesos, atendidos em Hospitais Veterinários Universitários. Selecionaram-se cães com escore de condição corporal (ECC) de 6 a 9, de acordo com escala descrita por LAFLAMME (1997). A maioria dos cães acometidos eram fêmeas adultas castradas, sem raça definida (33%) ou Poodles (17%). De acordo com 36% dos respondentes, o excesso de alimento era a possível razão do ganho de peso dos animais. Apenas 52% dos proprietários tentaram realizar controle de peso do seu animal, principalmente reduzindo a quantidade de alimento. Não houve correlação entre a condição corporal do proprietário, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ambiente domiciliar dos proprietários com o ECC dos animais. As informações obtidas podem auxiliar na identificação dos fatores nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, podendo adotar medidas preventivas e desenvolver melhores estratégias para o tratamento.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs and may cause many changes in body systems and limit the longevity of the animals. Many factors contribute to the development of obesity in dogs, as genetics, breed, age, lack of physical activity, caloric food composition, type and form of nutrition, hormonal disorders, medicine, and factors related to the owners. Due to the lack of studies on the nutritional and environmental aspects involved in the development of canine obesity, the present study aimed to obtain information through owners surveys. Interviews with 254 owners of overweight or obese dogs were conducted at University Veterinary Hospitals. Dogs were selected through body condition score (BCS) from 6 to 9, according to the scale described by LAFLAMME (1997). The data were coded, tabulated and submitted to frequency analysis and correlation (Spearman Test). Most affected dogs were castrated adult female of mixed breeds (33%) or poodles (17%). For most respondents (36%), food excess was the possible reason for the weight gain of pets. Only half of the owners have tried to achieve weight control of their pet, especially reducing the amount of food. There was no correlation between body condition of the owner, educational level, family income and home environment of the owners with pets BCS. Information obtained may help identifying nutritional and environmental factors involved in the development of obesity in dogs and can provide better preventive measures and strategies for treatment.