The status of MRI databases across the world focused on psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Neuroimaging databases for neuro-psychiatric disorders enable researchers to implement data-driven research approaches by providing access to rich data that can be used to study disease, build and validate machine learning models, and even redefine disease spectra. The importance of sharing large, multi-center, multi-disorder databases has gradually been recognized in order to truly translate brain imaging knowledge into real-world clinical practice. Here, we review MRI databases that share data globally to serve multiple psychiatric or neurological disorders. We found 42 datasets consisting of 23,293 samples from patients with psychiatry and neurological disorders and healthy controls; 1245 samples from mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder), 2015 samples from developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), 675 samples from schizophrenia, 1194 samples from Parkinson's disease, 5865 samples from dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), We recognize that large, multi-center databases should include governance processes that allow data to be shared across national boundaries. Addressing technical and regulatory issues of existing databases can lead to better design and implementation and improve data access for the research community. The current trend toward the development of shareable MRI databases will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment, and development of early interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Riluzole-induced interstitial lung disease is a rare and potentially life-threatening adverse event successfully treated with high-dose steroid therapy: Case reports and review of the literature.

Riluzole (RZ)-induced interstitial lung disease (RZ-ILD) is a rare and potentially life-threatening adverse event in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, which is rarely reported. Therefore, the optimal treatment for RZ-ILD is unclear. We describe herein three Japanese cases of ALS complicated with RZ-ILD, of which two were successfully treated with high-dose steroid therapy. In our all ALS cases with RZ-ILD, the duration of RZ exposure until RZ-ILD onset was within 2 months. All three cases showed respiratory symptoms, dorsal predominant ground-glass opacities by imaging analysis, and abnormal laboratory findings associated with interstitial lung diseases, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein-D. Intravenous high-dose steroid therapy together with the discontinuation of RZ in two cases with respiratory symptoms markedly ameliorated their symptoms and abnormal findings of RZ-ILD. One case showed mild respiratory symptoms compared with the others and recovered after the withdrawal of RZ only. According to previous case reports and our cases, RZ-ILD may develop 2 months after initiating RZ and exacerbate respiratory symptoms rapidly in ALS patients with severe respiratory muscle involvement or complicating aspiration pneumonia. Transient high-dose steroid therapy in addition to discontinuation of RZ might be a good therapeutic option for RZ-ILD.